STUDIES OF THE IMMUNOLOGY OF THE NEWBORN INFANT

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1952 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 450-456
Author(s):  
JOHN J. OSBORN ◽  
JOSEPH DANCIS ◽  
BLANCHE V. ROSENBERG
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Newborn Infant ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Passive Immunity ◽  
Diphtheria Antitoxin

The titer of diphtheria antitoxin in maternal and infant (cord) blood was compared in 56 premature infants. A significant correlation was found between birth weight and placental permeability to diphtheria antitoxin. Small premature infants (under 1200 gm.) have much less circulating antitoxin derived from the mother than do larger premature infants. In 10 premature infants with high cord titers of diphtheria antitoxin, this passive immunity was lost at about the same rate as by normal newborn infants.

A COMPARISON OF THE FIBRINOLYTIC ENZYME SYSTEM IN MATERNAL AND UMBILICAL-CORD BLOOD

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-726
Author(s):  
Louise Lang Phillips ◽  
Valija Skrodelis
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Placental Transfer ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Hyaline Membrane Disease ◽  
Fibrinolytic Enzyme ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Trichloracetic Acid

Studies of the fibrinolytic enzyme system in the plasma of mothers and the newborn infants are reported and the results compared. All mothers had elevated levels of fibrinogen in the plasma at the time of delivery. The levels of fibrinogen in the newborn infants fell into a low normal range. Premature infants tended to have slightly lower levels of fibrinogen than term infants, with certain exceptions which are discussed. A direct correlation of values for fibrinogen with the birth weight could not be established. No correlation was observed between fibrinogen levels in mothers and infants, indicating that significant placental transfer of fibrinogen does not occur under normal conditions and that fibrinogen is manufactured by the fetus itself. All mothers had higher levels of free and total profibrinolysin in the plasma than did the infants. The differences were found to be highly significant. The levels of free profibrinolysin in premature infants did not vary as much from those of the term babies, as was the case with total profibrinolysin. The levels of total profibrinolysin show a definite trend upward with increasing birth weight. Inhibitors of the fibrinolytic enzyme system were also significantly higher in mothers than in infants. Premature infants had significantly lower levels than term infants although considerable overlapping in the range was noted. Evidence was obtained that small amounts of an active proteolytic enzyme are present in the euglobulin fraction of the mother at delivery even after the course of a normal labor. No hemorrhagic manifestations were observed, presumably because of the high levels of inhibitor in maternal blood. In contrast, lysis of clots was observed more frequently in samples of cord blood, possibly due to lower levels of inhibitor. Placental transfer of various decomposition products of protein apparently exists as indicated by measurements of trichloracetic acid-soluble products in samples of plasma. A possible relation between the low proteolytic activity of the plasma of premature infants and the high incidence of fatality from hyaline membrane disease in these infants is proposed and discussed.

VITAMIN E LEVELS IN TERM AND PREMATURE NEWBORN INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1950 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 893-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
WINFIELD T. MOYER
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Average Level ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Premature Newborn

Evidence has been presented to show that: 1. The average vitamin E level in plasma or serum at birth is .23 mg./100 cc. with wide variations in both term and premature infants regardless of birth weight. 2. The average level of vitamin E in cord blood is equal to the average level of the infant's blood taken within the first 24 hours, although in any one case they may vary as much as 50% to 75%. 3. The vitamin E level in term infants appears to be higher after five days, averaging .36 mg./100 cc. 4. The vitamin E level in premature infants does not increase for two months. Between three and six months of age it increased to an average of .50 mg./100 cc.

Oxygen Consumption in Platelets of Newborn Infants before and after Stimulation by Thrombin.

1976 ◽  
Vol 35 (03) ◽  
pp. 712-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Del Principe ◽  
G Mancuso ◽  
A Menichelli ◽  
G Maretto ◽  
G Sabetta
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Newborn Infant ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
O2 Consumption ◽  
Adult Control ◽  
Healthy Newborn ◽  
Before And After

SummaryThe authors compared the oxygen consumption in platelets from the umbilical cord blood of 36 healthy newborn infants with that of 27 adult subjects, before and after thrombin addition (1.67 U/ml). Oxygen consumption at rest was 6 mμmol/109/min in adult control platelets and 5.26 in newborn infants. The burst in oxygen consumption after thrombin addition was 26.30 mμmol/109/min in adults and 24.90 in infants. Dinitrophenol did not inhibit the burst of O2 consumption in platelets in 8 out of 10 newborn infants, while the same concentration caused a decrease in 9 out of 10 adult subjects. Deoxyglucose inhibited the burst in O2 consumption in newborn infant and adult platelets by about 50%. KCN at the concentration of 10−4 M completely inhibited basal oxygen consumption but did not completely inhibit the burst after thrombin. At the concentration of 10−3 M, it inhibited both basal O2 consumption and the burst in infants and adult subjects.

A SEQUENTIAL TRIAL OF THE NONTHERMAL EFFECT OF ATMOSPHERIC HUMIDITY ON SURVIVAL OF NEWBORN INFANTS OF LOW BIRTH WEIGHT

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 719-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Silverman ◽  
Frederic J. Agate ◽  
John W. Fertig
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Atmospheric Humidity ◽  
Sequential Trial

A sequential trial was conducted to study the nonthermal effect of two conditions of humidity on survival of premature infants in the first 5 days of life. No important effect on survival was observed among infants whose body temperatures in moderate and high humidities were kept the same.

Serum Amylase Activity in the Newborn

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-296
Author(s):  
RONALD L. SEARCY ◽  
J. EDWARD BERK ◽  
SHINICHIRO HAYASHI ◽  
BRUCE D. ACKERMAN
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Newborn Infant ◽  
Serum Amylase ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Serum Amylase Activity ◽  
Lower Limits

The presence of measurable quantities of amylase in the serum of newborn infants or in serum derived from cord blood may be demonstrated through the use of a sensitive saccharogenic procedure that permits analysis of small quantities of serum. Serum amylase levels are highly variable during the early part of the neonatal period, but they usually tend to be close to or below the lower limits of normal established for adults. The origins of the serum amylase in the newborn infant remain to be elucidated.

RELATION OF PLASMA PROTEINS TO BIRTH WEIGHT, MULTIPLE BIRTHS AND EDEMA IN THE NEWBORN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1949 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 484-489
Author(s):  
MURDINA M. DESMOND ◽  
LEWIS K. SWEET
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
The Other ◽  
Multiple Births ◽  
Lower Plasma ◽  
Essentially Normal

The concentration of total protein, albumin and globulin in the plasma increase with increasing birth weight in premature infants. These values are relatively stable and independent of birth weight in mature newborn infants. Infants born as twins have lower plasma protein values than do singly born infants of corresponding birth weight. The plasma protein values of twins may vary widely one from the other. This finding supports the theory that plasma proteins in the infant are produced and regulated independently of the mother. Infants born with edema may have essentially normal plasma protein values.

Serum zinc in mothers and from cord blood of appropriate birth-weight full term and preterm newborn infants, and of low-birth-weight full term infants

1984 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Cleide Enoir ◽  
Petean Trindade† ◽  
Maria Eneida ◽  
Aiello Sartor† ◽  
Fernando Jose de Nobrega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Preterm Newborn ◽  
Term Infants

ASSAY OF THE TRYPTIC ACTIVITY OF THE FECES OF THE NEWBORN INFANT, AT TERM OR PREMATURE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1954 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-116
Author(s):  
FELIPE DE FILIPPI ◽  
AUGUSTO A. GIUSSANI ◽  
LEA RIVELIS
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Newborn Infant ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Healthy Newborn ◽  
Tryptic Activity

The Shwachman test was carried out on 30 healthy newborn infants, including premature infants. The results were negative in 28 cases on the first day, but positive in all cases on the 4th. As it is known that normally the newborn infant, even when premature, possesses duodenal trypsin, the absence of same in the meconium indicates that it may be destroyed by intestinal stagnation. This means that the assay of fecal trypsin is of no use for the precocious diagnosis (within the four first days of life) of mucoviscidosis or cystic fibrosis of the pancreas.

Antacid Bezoar in a Newborn

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 679-680
Author(s):  
Ana Portuguez-Malavasi ◽  
Jacob V. Aranda
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Newborn Infant ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Peptic Ulcers ◽  
Gastric Bleeding ◽  
Stress Ulcers ◽  
Total Load ◽  
Antacid Therapy ◽  
Uneventful Pregnancy

Antacid therapy is commonly used in the medical management of peptic ulcers and massive gastric bleeding. A similar approach has been employed in newborn infants with stress ulcers in order to reduce the total load and concentration of gastric hydrochloric acid during massive acute gastric bleeding.1 Antacid therapy may cause aluminum hydroxide "bezoar" in a newborn infant. This report confirms this possibility and suggests a rationale for its occurrence and therapy. CASE REPORT This newborn infant was born at 40 weeks' gestation with a birth weight of 3.3 kg, following an uneventful pregnancy and labor. A large left diaphragmatic hernia caused severe anoxia requiring resuscitation in the delivery room.

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