EFFECT OF PENICILLINS V AND G ON CARRIERS OF VARIOUS GROUPS OF STREPTOCOCCI IN A CHILDREN'S HOME

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-216
Author(s):  
Paul F. Wehrle ◽  
Harry A. Feldman ◽  
Kenzo Kuroda
Keyword(s):  
Oral Dose ◽  
Clinical Disease ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Group A Streptococci ◽  
Daily Oral Dose ◽  
Penicillin V ◽  
Children's Home ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Group A

Penicillin V satisfactorily eliminated Group A streptococci from the nasopharynx of carriers when used in a total daily oral dose of 400,000 units administered in two divided doses, morning and evening during a 10-day period. Half this dose for a similar 10-day period was considerably less effective. These results were entirely comparable with those observed with penicillin G administered in single or double doses of 250,000 units daily for 10- day periods under the conditions of this study. The need for daily doses of at least 400,000 units of penicillin V or 500,000 units of penicillin G for effective eradication of streptococci from carriers has been demonstrated. A high incidence of infection with streptococci of Group G was observed but did not appear to be associated with clinical disease. No increased prevalence of Group G organisms was apparent among any age group or in any of the apartments studied in contrast with Group A infections.

Havapen et al

1967 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 28-28 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Dose ◽  
Gastric Acid ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Penicillin V ◽  
Acid Stable

Gastric acid partially destroys benzylpenicillin (penicillin G) and only a small and inconsistent fraction of an oral dose is absorbed. To be certain of its effect the drug must be injected. A number of acid-stable penicillins with the antibacterial range of benzylpenicillin but quite well absorbed from the gut are now available, phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin V) for example. In vitro phenoxymethylpenicillin is a little less effective than benzylpenicillin against streptococci1 and considerably less effective against H. influenzae and gonococci. In addition, a higher proportion of phenoxymethylpenicillin than of benzylpenicillin is bound to plasma protein.2 Though controlled trials show that oral benzylpenicillin is as effective as oral phenoxymethylpencillin for most patients with susceptible infections treated outside hospital,3–6 our consultants prefer phenoxymethylpenicillin because absorption is less variable.

RANDOMIZED COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ONDANSETRON AND COMBINATION OF ONDANSETRON AND DEXAMETHASONE, AS A PROPHYLAXIS OF POST-OPERATIVE NAUSEAAND VOMITING IN ADULTS UNDERGOING ELECTIVE LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-49
Author(s):  
Rumani Ruku ◽  
Jasmeen Chowdhary
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Surgery ◽  
Surgical Care ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Patient Response ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Post Operative Nausea

Background: Post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is quite associated with laparoscopic surgery. In-spite of advances in surgery and post surgical care, nausea and vomiting still has a high incidence. This study was planned to explore the efcacy of a combination therapy of ondansetron with dexamethasone against PONVand compare the results with the efcacy of ondensetron-only. Method:Arandomized clinical trial study was conducted in the Department of Anesthesia, GMC Jammu, over a period of 6 months, on 50 patients in the age group of 18-50 years, of either gender, undergoing laparoscopic surgeries under general anesthesia. Patients were divided into two groups of 25 each: Group A received 4 mg of Ondansetron intravenously, while Group B received 4 mg of Ondansetron and 8 mg of Dexamethasone intravenously, soon after intubation. Results: The demographic variables of two groups were similar. While 19 (76%) patients showed post-operative nausea in Group A, while in Group B, only 8 (32%) patients experienced nausea, which was very signicant. Similarly, 11 (44%) patients showed post-operative vomiting in GroupAand only 2 (8%) complained of vomiting. 24% patients did not complain about any kind of nausea or vomiting in GroupA. Mild nausea was observedin60%patientsinGroupA,while amongonly32%patientsingroupB.Nocomplications of anykindwereobservedduringthisstudy. Conclusion: Ondensetron and dexamethasone, administered intravenously, after intubation, in laparoscopic surgery, is safe and has a better patient response in preventing post-operative nausea and vomiting.

ERYTHROMYCIN PROPIONATE AND POTASSIUM PENICILLIN V IN THE TREATMENT OF GROUP A STREPTOCOCCAL PHARYNGITIS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Maxwell Stillerman ◽  
Stanley H. Bernstein ◽  
Martha Smith ◽  
Jack D. Gorvoy
Keyword(s):  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Streptococcal Pharyngitis ◽  
Group A Streptococci ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Acute Pharyngitis ◽  
Penicillin V ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Group A ◽  
Potassium Penicillin

The relative effectiveness of erythromycin propionate and K penicillin V in two dosage schedules was evaluated in the treatment of 261 cases of acute pharyngitis from which Group A hemolytic streptococci were recovered from December, 1958, to June, 1959. Erythromycin propionate, in a daily dose of 30 mg/kg up to 1.0 gm, and K penicillin V, in daily doses of 375 mg and 750 mg, were administered orally for 10 days. The adjusted bacterial cure rate was 78% among 86 patients treated with erythromycin, 72% among 102 patients treated with K penicillin V, 375 mg, and 88% among 73 patients treated with K penicillin V, 750 mg. The data indicate that K penicillin V was more effective in eradicating Group A streptococci from the pharynx in a daily dose of 750 mg than 375 mg, and suggest that erythromycin propionate in the dosage used, was less effective than K penicillin V, 750 mg, but equally as effective as K penicillin V, 375 mg daily. The incidence, time of occurrence, and results of retreatments of bacterial relapses are presented, and two possible causes of relapses are considered.

Persistence of group A streptococci as related to penicillinase-producing staphylococci: Comparison of penicillin V potassium and sodium nafcillin

1967 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milton Markowitz ◽  
Irving Kramer ◽  
Eugene Goldstein ◽  
Anthony Perlman ◽  
Donald Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group A Streptococci ◽  
Penicillin V ◽  
Group A ◽  
Sodium Nafcillin

scholarly journals Prevalence of Polyclonal mefA-Containing Isolates among Erythromycin-Resistant Group A Streptococci in Southern Taiwan

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 2475-2479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing-Jou Yan ◽  
Hsiu-Mei Wu ◽  
Ah-Huei Huang ◽  
Hsiu-Mei Fu ◽  
Chen-Ting Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
University Hospital ◽  
Group A Streptococci ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
Drug Of Choice ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Group A ◽  
Agar Dilution ◽  
Southern Taiwan ◽  
Resistant Group ◽  
Gene 4

A total of 204 nonrepetitive isolates of group A streptococci (GAS), including 107 randomly collected between 1992 and 1995 and 66 and 31 consecutively collected in 1997 and 1998, respectively, from a university hospital in southern Taiwan were examined to determine the prevalence and mechanisms of erythromycin resistance among these isolates. Resistance to erythromycin was detected in 129 isolates (63.2%) by the agar dilution test. Of these, 42 isolates (32.6%) were assigned to the constitutive macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B resistance (cMLS) phenotype, and all carried the ermBgene; 4 (3.1%) were assigned to the inducible MLS resistance (iMLS) phenotype, and all harbored the ermTR gene; and 83 (64.3%) were erythromycin resistant but susceptible to clindamycin (M phenotype), and all possessed the mefA gene. Distributed by years, the rates of erythromycin resistance and different phenotypes were 61.7% (53.0% cMLS, 6.1% iMLS, and 40.9% M phenotype) between 1992 and 1995, 62.1% (12.2% cMLS and 87.8% M phenotype) in 1997, and 71.0% (9.1% cMLS and 90.9% M phenotype) in 1998. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed that all but 2 cMLS isolates were clonal in origin, and 17 clones were detected among the M-phenotype isolates. These results indicate that the high incidence and increasing rate of erythromycin-resistant GAS in southern Taiwan are due to the prevalence of multiple M-phenotype clones and that clindamycin may be the drug of choice for the treatment of infections with GAS in penicillin-hypersensitive patients in this area.

scholarly journals Comparison of minimal inhibitory and bactericidal capacity of oral penicillin V with benzathine penicillin G to Streptococcus beta--hemolyticus group A in children with rheumatic heart disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Burhanuddin Iskandar ◽  
Bambang Madiyono ◽  
Sudigdo Sastroasmoro ◽  
Sukman T. Putra ◽  
Mulyadi M. Djer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Oral Penicillin ◽  
Penicillin V ◽  
Drug Of Choice ◽  
Bactericidal Capacity ◽  
Benzathine Penicillin G ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean

Background Injection ofbenzatine penicillin G (BPG) every 28days is still the drug of choice for secondary prevention of rheu-matic heart disease (RHD). BPG sometimes poses problems dueto pain at the injection site, possible anaphylaxis, and is not alwaysavailable. Some centers choose oral penicillin over BPG.Objectives To compare minimal inhibitory capacity (MIC) andminimal bactericidal capacity (MBC) of oral penicillin V serumwith those of BPG among SGA infected RHD.Methods This was a clinical trial with crossover design study tocompare MIC of penicillin V and BPG. Outcome measures wereMIC and MBC. Statistical analysis was performed using pairedt-test and wilcoxon test.Result There were 32 subjects consisted of 17 males and 15females. The mean value of MIC and MBC serum of penicillinV were 0.031 and 0.125. The mean value of MIC and MBCserum of BPG3 were 0.094 and 0.031. Respectively the MICof penicillin V was similar to that of BPGy The mean value ofMIC and MBC of BPG4 were 0.125 and 0.250. Respectively theMIC of penicillin V was significantly higher than that of BPG 4.The MBC of penicillin V was significantly higher than that ofBPG 4. The MIC ofBPG 3 was similar to that ofBPG 4• The MBCof BPG 3 was similar to that of BPG 4.Conclusions The MIC of penicillin V was similar to that ofBPG 3,the MBC of oral penicillin V was higher than that ofBPG 3• TheMIC and MBC of penicillin V was higher than those of BPG 4.

Pharmacologic Evaluation of Orally Administered Antibiotics in Infants and Children: Effect of Feeding on Bioavailability

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 738-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
George H. McCracken ◽  
Charles M. Ginsburg ◽  
Joan C. Clahsen ◽  
Marion L. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Data ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Penicillin V ◽  
Group A ◽  
Erythromycin Estolate ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

The clinical pharmacology of orally administered antibiotics was investigated in 106 infants and children. The antibiotic suspensions studied were ampicillin, cephalexin, erythromycin estolate, erythromycin ethylsuccinate, penicillin G, and penicillin V. The feeding status of the patients was evaluated in relation to the concentrations of drugs in serum, saliva, and tears. Peak concentrations and area-under-the-curve values of cephalexin, penicillin V, and penicillin G were reduced 40% to 60% in patients given milk and drug concurrently. Absorption was enhanced when erythromycin ethylsuccinate was given with milk. After administration of both erythromycin formulations, penicillin V and ampicillin, salivary concentrations exceeded the minimal inhibitory concentrations for most pneumococci and group A streptococci and for many meningococci. The clinical implications of these pharmacokinetic data are discussed.

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