Between Guess Work and Certainty in Psychiatry

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 949-949
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Individual Animal ◽  
Fundamental Distinction ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Rational Inquiry

"The safeguards contained in the scientific method are repugnant to some who devote themselves to psychotherapy, and their argument against it always harks back to the uniqueness of the individual." The author points out that this is an obscurantist argument and it does not follow that because an individual is a unique reality, he cannot be compared with anyone else. On this basis there would be no science of zoology as every individual animal is also a unique reality, but this has not been an obstacle to comparison and collective study in this science. The argument is reminiscent of claims prevalent during the controversies about evolution when the opponents asserted that man was an improper subject for comparitive study because of his fundamental distinction from all other creatures. Only insofar as the common denominators between individuals can be ascertained may the subject matter of psychiatry become the object of scientific and rational inquiry and without this it could not be taught. We would be in the position of having to accept the pronouncements of supposedly singularly gifted individuals on faith, and continuity in the field would presumably depend entirely upon apprenticeship.

The Trade Mark, Other Product Designations, and Goodwill

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine Pila
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Trade Mark ◽  
Geographical Indication ◽  
Passing Off ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
Essential Properties ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter considers the meaning of the terms that appropriately denote the subject matter protectable by registered trade mark and allied rights, including the common law action of passing off. Drawing on the earlier analyses of the objects protectable by patent and copyright, it defines the trade mark, designation of origin, and geographical indication in their current European and UK conception as hybrid inventions/works in the form of purpose-limited expressive objects. It also considers the relationship between the different requirements for trade mark and allied rights protection, and related principles of entitlement. In its conclusion, the legal understandings of trade mark and allied rights subject matter are presented as answers to the questions identified in Chapter 3 concerning the categories and essential properties of the subject matter in question, their method of individuation, and the relationship between and method of establishing their and their tokens’ existence.

Unicums, Fragments, and Other Hebrew Book Rarities

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-153
Author(s):  
Marvin Heller
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Rare Books ◽  
The Individual

The subject matter of this article is unique or rare editions of early Hebrew books. Due to varying external circumstances, these rare books are extant only in fragments, unique single exemplars, or in a limited number of copies. Although Hebrew texts were subject to the same ravages of time and, perhaps, occasional indifference as were other early books, they also suffered to a much greater extent than their non-Hebrew counterparts from the indignities and deeds, or more accurately misdeeds, of anti-Semites who expended their wrath not only on Jews but also directed their venom towards Jewish books. The article is not about the causes of book rarity per se, but rather describes a variety of Hebrew works, either of the individual title, or, in some instances, of a particular edition of a reprinted work that is extant today in a single or a limited number of copies.

scholarly journals A Methodology for Providing Individualised Computer-generated Feedback to Students

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Michael Lambiris
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Specific Test ◽  
Constructive Feedback ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Student’S Performance ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Insight Into

The traditional way of providing feedback to students after tests or assignments is labour-intensive. This paper explains the concepts and techniques used by the author to build computer-based applications that analyse students’ answers and generate individualised, detailed and constructive feedback. The paper explains how the data gathered from a student’s answers can be combined with other knowledge about the subject matter being taught, and the specific test questions, to create computerised routines that evaluate the individual student’s performance. This information can be presented in ways that help students to assess their progress, both in relation to their acquired knowledge in specified areas of study, and with regard to their ability to exercise relevant skills. In this way, appropriate feedback can be provided to large numbers of students quickly and efficiently. The same techniques can be used to provide information to the instructor about the performance of the group as a whole, with a degree of detail and accuracy that exceeds the impressions usually gained through traditional marking. The paper also explains the role of the subject instructor in designing and creating feedback-generating applications. The methodologies described provide insight into the details of the process and are a useful basis for further experimentation and development.

scholarly journals Nihilism and the Roots of Crisis in American Democracy: A Diagnosis of Cornel West

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
Julian Jeliński
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
American Democracy ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Cornel West

Cornel West’s diagnosis of the crisis of the American democracy is the subject matter of this article. Analyzing the condition of the American democracy of the end of XX and the beginning of XXI centuries, C. West focused on the individual, existential character of the crisis. The diagnosed state had according to him much affect not only on political issues, but first and foremost on the spread of nihilism among American citizens. Nihilism – is understood in the C. West as senselessness of life and low self-esteem is the subject matter of this article.

scholarly journals Mitologizmy frazeologiczne w najnowszych ujęciach lingwistycznych

2021 ◽  
pp. 150-161
Author(s):  
Magdalena Puda-Blokesz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common ◽  
Linguistic Approaches ◽  
Cultural Linguistics

Mythology-based phraseological expressions in the latest linguistic approaches Summary The present study represents an overview and a synthesis of the latest linguistic findings regarding phraseology with provenance in (Greco-Roman) mythology. The text refers to the most recent works, mostly published after 2000, which explore – solely or largely – mythology-based phraseological expressions. The issue of defining this term is discussed, its content and the breadth of its meaning are delineated, various classification and description criteria for such expressions are pointed out. The research standpoints put forward in the studies discussed may be described as having a comparative, etymological, statistical-theoretical, didactic, discursive-material or lexicographic inclination. By virtue of the subject matter along with its cultural and identity-related importance, the common denominator of the viewpoints presented is the domain of cultural linguistics.

Mutuality

1939 ◽  
Vol 23 (256) ◽  
pp. 342-348
Author(s):  
N. M. Gibbins
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Perpendicular Bisector ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common

1. This lecture grew out of an attempt to trace the consequences of putting together two examination questions. The subject-matter of both is the reflections X, Y, Z of a point P in the sides of a triangle ABC- In the first question we have to show that the perpendiculars from A on YZ, from B on ZX, from C on XY meet in P′, the centre of the circle XYZ, and that the relation between P and P′ is mutual. Since AY = AP =AZ, the perpendicular from A to YZ bisects it. Hence this perpendicular passes through the centre of the circle XYZ, as do similarly the other two perpendiculars. Let X′, Y′, Z′ be the reflections of P′ in the sides of ABC. Since BC is the common perpendicular bisector of PX and P′X′, PX′ =P′X) and similarly PY′ = P′Y, PZ′ =P′Z. Hence P is the centre of the circle X′Y′Z′, and the two radii are equal.

Translation and Cultural Convergence in Late Sixteenth-century Scotland and Huguenot France

2019 ◽  
pp. 115-128
Author(s):  
Peter Auger
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Modern Poetry ◽  
Cultural Relations ◽  
Cultural Convergence ◽  
Shared Identity ◽  
Early Modern Poetry ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common

Examining poetical exchanges between James VI of Scotland and the Huguenot courtier Guillaume de Saluste Du Bartas in the 1580s, Chapter 7 demonstrates how poetry contributed to diplomatic initiatives, and how diplomatic concerns fostered expressiveness in the composition and presentation of poems. Early modern poetry, especially poetry in translation, could contribute to building better international cultural relations. Ambassadors and elite political figures were sometimes involved in such poems as writers, translators, readers, dedicatees, or recipients. When they were, these poems could contain subtle gestures consistent with the cultural diplomatic aims to express shared identity and strengthen political ties. The poetic exchanges between James and Du Bartas in the 1580s contained many signals of the common literary and political culture in Scotland and Protestant France, signals that are found in the subject matter, prosody, diction, structure, and other poetic features of the verses that they exchanged. This chapter examines the poetic techniques that James and Du Bartas used for expressing cultural convergence between Scotland and France when translating and composing original verse for each other, and then shows how the print publication of their poems enabled a broader international community to participate in this cultural moment.

The Spectrum of Frames and Disputes in the Umbrella Movement

2019 ◽  
pp. 74-99
Author(s):  
Wing Sang Law
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Social Mobilization ◽  
Symbolic Power ◽  
Democratic Reform ◽  
Direct Election ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common

This chapter highlights the importance of how the key campaign groups of the Umbrella Movement contested each other through their efforts of “framing” the movement in different ways so as to realize their competing visions of social mobilization. The Umbrella Movement was basically not a battleground between old and new conceptions of identity; rather, the subject matter was, throughout the process, democratic reform. Having said that, no one can take the Umbrella Movement out of the bigger context of ideological contestation happening over the years and how these contestations affected the prodemocracy cause. The Umbrella Movement was indeed overshadowed by an intense struggle for symbolic power, which might not help to organize the movement in a conventional sense. In other words, underneath the common quest for genuine direct election, a battle of anti-elitism was played out according to the populist logic that allowed its adherents to always play taboo breakers, going against political correctness. Disputes over framing and strategies went hand-in-hand with a subterranean campaign against the elites alleged to be gaining personal benefits by being part of the social movement industry or political establishment. The elites were reframed to be worse enemies than the regime in power instead of someone holding different judgments about tactics and action choices. Such an anti-elitist battle deepened the “culture of distrust” in Hong Kong.

Disability and the Practice of Public History: An Introduction

2005 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Ott
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Public History ◽  
Medical Model ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Social Conventions ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common ◽  
Medical Model Of Disability

Museums, exhibitions, and public history have long engaged with the subject matter of disability. Shared social conventions and exhibition traditions about people with disabilities--the common stereotypes of people as persevering heroes or objects of pity--have often led to skewed and inaccurate historical presentations. The medical model of disability, equally strong in framing disability, has also reduced the range of possibilities for including content for the public. More recently, greater understanding of diversity and of the importance of interpreting the history of all people has begun to push inclusion beyond simple access issues and into content.

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