Perinatal Mortality

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-149
Author(s):  
STUART H. CLIFFORD

Following the second world war, the research activities of the National Birthday Trust Fund were directed to the investigations of factors in the prenatal period and during labor which might have a bearing on the early death or abnormality of the baby. A Perinatal Survey of England, Scotland, and Wales was carried out in 1958 involving some 25,000 babies at delivery or death, with the collection of all available information about the mother's background, her pregnancy and labor, and with detailed necropsy inquiry on the stillbirths and neonatal deaths.

Author(s):  
James Higgins

Robert Pring-Mill was one of a generation of young men whose education was interrupted by the Second World War and who went to university as mature students after demobilisation. In Hispanic Studies, as in other subject areas, it was academics of that generation who laid the foundations of the modern discipline, and Pring-Mill, an all-rounder who firmly believed that his various research activities were mutually enriching, had the distinction of making a significant contribution to several of its branches. In the course of his career, but primarily in the early stages, he produced a body of studies that earned him recognition as one of the world's foremost authorities on the work of medieval poet, mystic, philosopher, and theologian Ramon Lhull. Pring-Mill's most substantial and most important work in the area of Golden Age literature was his writings on Spain's greatest dramatist, Pedro Calderón de la Barca.


2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 263-271
Author(s):  
Alicja Pihan-Kijasowa

Professor Tadeusz Skulina (1929–1992) was born in Katowice but from the Second World War he was connected with Great Poland. Also in Poznań, he studied Polish Studies and following his graduation became employed at Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań where he completed the consecutive stages of his scholarly career. As a disciple of Professor Władysław Kuraszkiewicz he conducted research on the Polish language of the Old-Polish era and of the 16th century. His doctoral thesis (1964) was devoted to historical phonetics and historical dialectology but soon he changed his scholarly interests and entered the field of Slavic studies, especially East-Slavic languages. In his habilitation thesis he discussed the question of the Old-Ruthenian anthroponymy. This thesis, published in 1973, was the first original, so extensive and detailed thesis about the Old-Ruthenian names. As we know, in the period following the receipt of his habilitation degree Professor Tadeusz Skulina had plans to prepare a monograph about Polish feminine onomastics. He had pursued this for years, however, unfortunately, never managed to prepare a synthesis. He only left an unfinished editorial draft of this book. Apart from research activities, Professor Skulina was involved in didactics and also performed responsible administrative functions at the Institute of Polish Philology, was a member of numerous scholarly societies. For his achievements, he received many awards and honours. Professor Tadeusz Skulina died in 1992 after a long and emaciating illness. The scholarly achievements he has left inspire the successive generations of researchers. He also left unfinished written works and ideas which he never managed to realize.


Author(s):  
Corinna Peniston-Bird ◽  
Emma Vickers

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (185) ◽  
pp. 543-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingo Schmidt

This article draws on Marxist theories of crises, imperialism, and class formation to identify commonalities and differences between the stagnation of the 1930s and today. Its key argument is that the anti-systemic movements that existed in the 1930s and gained ground after the Second World War pushed capitalists to turn from imperialist expansion and rivalry to the deep penetration of domestic markets. By doing so they unleashed strong economic growth that allowed for social compromise without hurting profits. Yet, once labour and other social movements threatened to shift the balance of class power into their favor, capitalist counter-reform began. In its course, global restructuring, and notably the integration of Russia and China into the world market, created space for accumulation. The cause for the current stagnation is that this space has been used up. In the absence of systemic challenges capitalists have little reason to seek a major overhaul of their accumulation strategies that could help to overcome stagnation. Instead they prop up profits at the expense of the subaltern classes even if this prolongs stagnation and leads to sharper social divisions.


2017 ◽  
pp. 437-446
Author(s):  
Maria Ciesielska

Men’s circumcision is in many countries considered as a hygienic-cosmetic or aesthetic treatment. However, it still remains in close connection with religious rites (Judaism, Islam) and is still practiced all over the world. During the Second World War the visible effects of circumcision became an indisputable evidence of being a Jew and were often used especially by the so-called szmalcownicy (blackmailers). Fear of the possibility of discovering as non-Aryan prompted many Jews hiding on the so-called Aryan side of Warsaw to seek medical practitioners who would restore the condition as it was before the circumcision. The reconstruction surgery was called in surgical jargon “knife baptizing”. Almost all of the procedures were performed by Aryan doctors although four cases of hiding Jewish doctors participating in such procedures are known. Surgical technique consisted of the surgical formation of a new foreskin after tissue preparation and stretching it by manual treatment. The success of the repair operation depended on the patient’s cooperation with the doctor, the worst result was in children. The physicians described in the article and the operating technique are probably only a fragment of a broader activity, described meticulously by only one of the doctors – Dr. Janusz Skórski. This work is an attempt to describe the phenomenon based on the very scanty source material, but it seems to be the first such attempt for several decades.


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