ON A SIMPLE METHOD OF PREVENTING SORE THROAT

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-187
Author(s):  
T. E. C.
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Slight Degree ◽  
Time Out ◽  
Single Instance ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Night And Day ◽  
First Time ◽  
Methods Of Treatment

Therapeutic nihilism was at its peak in the late nineteenth century. An excellent example of a drugless therapeutic procedure is that described almost 80 years ago by Dr. H. V. Knaggs. The interest that often attaches itself to simple methods of treatment must be my excuse for resuscitating an old but, at the same time, very little known remedy for preventing the recurrence of ordinary sore throats. Most people, when they hear of it for the first time, are very apt to smile incredulously, and to at once put it down among the category of superstitions, "old women's remedies," etc. In fact, nearly every patient to whom I have suggested it has appeared sceptical of its utility at first, although subsequently a careful trial has frequently convinced them to the contrary. Its prophylactic powers are undoubted. The treatment alluded to consists merely in placing round the neck from ten to twenty threads of Berlin wool. This must be worn continuously night and day, and not taken off except for the purpose of making ablutions. With some cases it is necessary that the wool should be worn all the year round; with others, during the months when the complaint is likely to return. When it is thought desirable to discontinue its use, it should be done gradually by discarding a single thread each day until none are left. If objected to on the score of unsightliness, a small coin or locket may be attached, which will effectually keep the wool out of sight, and, after a time, out of mind. Laryngitic and tonsillitic forms for disease, which are especially prevalent among children, are due in very many instances to exposure and cold, and are particularly apt to recur periodically, especially in the colder and more changeable periods of the year. It is in such cases that the treatment is productive of marked benefit. A considerable number of cases, both among children and adults, have been thus treated in our practice. Observations as to its efficacy have extended over a number of years. Strange as it may seem, scarcely in any single instance has it failed in our hands to avert future attacks. The question naturally arises, How can a simple remedy like a few threads of wool possibly effect this object? or in what manner does it act? In the first place, we know that wool is a bad conductor of heat. Secondly, according to the principles laid down by Dr. Jaeger in his system of sanitary clothing, ventilation is one of the best means at our disposal for promoting skin action, and for retaining the body at an equable temperature both in summer and winter. It is probable, therefore, that the skein of wool, when attached round the neck, keeps up a belt of skin-action, and so acts continuously, and in a slight degree, as a mild counter-irritant.

The Wolfe Sisters of Foochow, China

2018 ◽  
pp. 157-182
Author(s):  
Frances Slater
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Women ◽  
Cultural Exchange ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Christian Women ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
Maternal Grandfather ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
First Time ◽  
Three Sisters

In the late nineteenth century after schooling in England, three sisters returned to their birthplace, Fuzhou, China to become CMS missionaries. They were the daughters of the “Fukien Moses,” Archdeacon J. R. Wolfe and his wife Mary, and cousins of the author’s maternal grandfather. Letters written by Minnie, Annie and Amy Wolfe to CMS Headquarters in London, for the first time, tell the story of the scope and nature of their interaction with Chinese women and girls in a significant cultural exchange. This particularly occurred through CMS schools, which, using Fujian dialects, provided grounding in Christianity, reading and writing. In addition, the sisters acknowledge their personal dependence upon, and valuing of Chinese Christian women with whom they worked. Born to evangelise, Annie once wrote “In spite of anxieties and disappointments this is the happiest work anyone could wish for.”

‘We must send you a sample’—a Persian–European dialogue: insights into late nineteenth-century ceramic technology based on chemical analysis of tiles from the Ettehadieh house complex, Tehran, Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moujan Matin ◽  
Mohammad Gholamnejad ◽  
Ali Nemati Abkenar
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Production Technology ◽  
Chemical Study ◽  
Ceramic Technology ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Technological Information ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
First Time

This paper focuses on the production technology of late nineteenth-century tiles from the Ettehadieh House Complex in Tehran, Iran. It makes use of the opportunity to provide for the first time the results of chemical and microstructural analyses of late nineteenth-century tiles selected directly from context and with known provenance. The paper integrates the results of chemical study of the Ettehadieh tiles with other available technological information on nineteenth-century Persian tiles, including chemical analyses of signed tiles and samples of pigments, as well as the study of the treatise of a certain Persian potter, ‘Ali Mohammad Isfahani, to suggest processes of materials procurement and manufacture. These processes are used as evidence to discuss trade and technological interactions between Iran and Europe in the nineteenth century.

scholarly journals ‘I Can Do It’ Becomes ‘We Do It’: Kimberley (Australia) and Still Bay (South Africa) Points Through a Socio-technical Framework Lens

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Högberg ◽  
Marlize Lombard
Keyword(s):  
Middle Stone Age ◽  
The Body ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Deep Time ◽  
Social Conventions ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Historical Accounts ◽  
Technical Framework ◽  
Still Bay

AbstractBuilding on the body of work regarding the concepts of invention and innovation in lithic technology, we further explore the give-and-take relationship between people and their technologies in two different stone point knapping traditions. From the socio-technical framework perspective, which is one amongst many ways to look at technological trends, the acceptance and stabilisation of a tool-making tradition is not only dictated by its technology-specific properties, such as its ingenuity or usefulness. Instead, it also depends on the social conventions and practices of its spatiotemporal context, which can be explored through the notions of introduction, closure, stabilisation, destabilisation and copying. We explain the theory behind the socio-technical framework with modern examples, such as bicycle use in late nineteenth century England and electrical guitar trends in the last half of the twentieth century. Turning our attention to stone point knapping, we use Australian Kimberley point production during the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries to bridge into how the socio-technical framework reflects in the dynamics that might be involved in lithic traditions. Using this theoretical framework to think about aspects of deep-time point production, such as that recorded from the Still Bay techno-complex during the Middle Stone Age in southern Africa, becomes trickier though. Instead of reliable ethno-historical accounts or dense archaeological context, we have to rely on coarse-grained data sets about distribution, age, environment and population, making inferences more speculative and less testable. In the context of this special volume, we suggest, however, that a socio-technical framework approach may be a useful tool to enhance our thinking about dynamics in ancient techno-behaviours and that more work is necessary to flesh out its potential in this respect.

Entrepreneurial Traditionalism in Nineteenth-Century France: A Study of the Patronage industriel des enfants de l'ébénisterie

1983 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 548-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Shai Weissbach
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Furniture Industry ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Entrepreneurial Attitudes ◽  
Nineteenth Century France ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
First Time

The late nineteenth century was a critical epoch in the history of French industry. During this period, many French industrialists adopted, for the first time, entrepreneurial attitudes towards business. At the same time, however, traditional skilled trades continued to play an important role in the national economy. In this article, Professor Weissbach explores the attitudes and practices of nineteenth-century entrepreneurs in the French luxury trade. By focusing specifically on the Patronage industriel des enfants de l'ébénisterie—an organization established to assist, educate, and moralize children apprentices in the French furniture industry—Weissbach reveals that traditional and entrepreneurial attitudes and practices coexisted throughout the nineteenth century.

The Opium Trade in Szechwan 1881 to 1911

1966 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A.M. Adshead
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Western China ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Developing Economy ◽  
Opium Trade ◽  
Opium Production ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time

This paper examines three aspects of the Opium trade in Szechwan from 1881, when for the first time there is evidence that China consumed as much native as foreign opium and that Szechwan was both the largest producer and consumer, until 1911, when the cultivation of the poppy was completely suppressed in the province as a result of the vigorous imperial campaign against the trade. It will consider first, the demand for opium who smoked it and why; second, the production of opium, how it fitted into and contributed toward the economy of the province; finally, the character of the suppression campaign of 1906–1911 as it affected Szechwan will be considered. The conclusions of the paper may be summarised as follows. (1) While the expansion of the opium habit in Szechwan, as in the rest of China, had no one cause, in Szechwan it has for its background a prospering society whose values and accepted goals had not kept pace with its economic expansion, a society which provided increasing wealth and leisure on the one hand, but only limited opportunities for socially approved spending on the other. (2) The rapid expansion of opium production in late nineteenth century Szechwan was part of the development of a market economy both within the province and in its relations with the rest of China. (3) The opium suppression campaign, because it undermined a developing economy, was much less popular in Western China than it was in the east, and contributed to the widespread unrest in those parts, which in turn led to the revolution of 1911.

Sir Ernest Satow, Japan and Asia: the trials of a diplomat in the age of high imperialism

1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel Brailey
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eastern Asia ◽  
Global Policy ◽  
The Public ◽  
Global Character ◽  
European Experience ◽  
Public Record ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
First Time

AbstractThis is an article highlighting the limitations of Lord Salisbury as foreign secretary in an age when foreign policy was for the first time taking on a truly global character, and yet its practitioners still possessed a rather parochial, almost exclusively European experience, and distrusted ‘experts’. It was of course the late nineteenth-century spread of European imperialism that first called for such global policy making, and thus most of this Europe-dominated world was still for the time being quite susceptible to a Eurocentric approach.But if any area was the exception it was eastern Asia, in due course to be mainly responsible for decline of Western imperial world hegemony. And in the vanguard of this counter-challenge was to be Japan, a country with which Salisbury personally was to find himself all at sea. By contrast, Ernest Satow, more than any other figure of his time, found the key to Japan, and it is a sign of how poorly general Western understanding of that country has progressed since then that his voluminous diaries and papers sit in the Public Record Office, still largely untouched by researchers.

scholarly journals DID NINETEENTH CENTURY MARINE VERTEBRATE FOSSIL DISCOVERIES INFLUENCE SEA SERPENT REPORTS?

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. M. PAXTON ◽  
D. NAISH
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Body ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Sea Serpent ◽  
Marine Reptile

ABSTRACT Here we test the hypothesis, first suggested by L. Sprague De Camp in 1968, that “After Mesozoic reptiles became well-known, reports of sea serpents, which until then had tended towards the serpentine, began to describe the monster as more and more resembling a Mesozoic marine reptile like a plesiosaur or a mosasaur.” This statement generates a number of testable specific hypotheses, namely: 1) there was a decline in reports where the body was described as serpent or eel-like; 2) there was an increase in reports with necks (a feature of plesiosaurs) or reports that mentioned plesiosaurs; and 3) there was an increase in mosasaur-like reports. Over the last 200 years, there is indeed evidence of a decline in serpentiform sea serpent reports and an increase in the proportion of reports with necks but there is no evidence for an increase in the proportion of mosasaur-like reports. However, witnesses only began to unequivocally compare sea serpents to prehistoric reptiles in the late nineteenth century, some fifty years after the suggestion was first made by naturalists.

scholarly journals Encounters with Sexuality: The Management of Inappropriate Body Behaviour and Body Talk in Late Nineteenth-Century British Columbia Schools

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Barman
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Public Education ◽  
Local Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Body Talk

Of all the issues that students, parents, teachers, and schools encounter, few are as difficult to manage as sexuality. We persist in believing that the body does not belong in the classroom except as an object of study or improvement. Inappropriate body behaviour and body talk with a sexual edge intimidates us, so much so that accounts tend to be oblique or non-existent. Their scarcity makes particularly valuable a set of records that survive from British Columbia in the late nineteenth century. Even though public education was then becoming centralized, a general unwillingness to face up to issues of sexuality caused almost all of the thirty allegations that were located in the superintendent of education’s correspondence to be resolved at the local level. The most frequent tactic used was parental boycott of the school. The allegations are divided between those against teachers and those against students. Regardless of who was implicated, the teacher was almost always caught in the middle and ended up resigning.

scholarly journals Encounters with Sexuality: The Management of Inappropriate Body Behaviour in Late-Nineteenth-Century British Columbia Schools

2004 ◽  
pp. 85-114
Author(s):  
Jean Barman
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Public Education ◽  
Local Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Almost All

Of all the issues that students, parents, teachers, and schools encounter, few are so difficult to manage as sexuality. We persist in believing that the body does not belong in the classroom except as an object of study or improvement. Inappropriate body behaviour with a sexual edge intimidates us, so much so that accounts tend to be oblique or non-existent. Their scarcity makes particularly valuable a set of records that survive from British Columbia in the late nineteenth century. Even though public education was becoming centralized, a general unwillingness to face up to issues of sexuality caused almost all of the thirty allegations that were located in the Superintendent of Education’s correspondence to be resolved at the local level. The most frequent tactic was parental boycott of the school. The allegations divide between those against teachers and those against students. Regardless of who was implicated, the teacher was almost always caught in the middle and ended up resigning.

Conveying Ćeif: Three Croatian Folklore and Folklife Writings on Bosniak Coffee Culture

Folklorica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 1-42
Author(s):  
Dorian Jurić
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
First Time ◽  
By Products

This article presents three short passages describing coffee and coffeehouse culture among Bosnian and Herzegovinian Muslims in the late nineteenth century. These texts are drawn from manuscripts collected by lay, Croatian folklore and folklife collectors who submitted them to two early collecting projects in Zagreb. The pieces are translated here for the first time into English and placed into historical and cultural context regarding the history of coffee culture in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the wider Ottoman Empire as well as the politics of folklore collection at the time. By using the Pan-Ottoman concept of ćeif as a theoretical lens, I argue that these early folklorists produced impressive folklife accounts of Bosniak foodways, but that these depictions inevitably enfolded both genuine interest and negative by-products of the wider politics of their era.

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