CALCIUM AND STRONTIUM MODEL AS FUNCTION OF AGE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 750-752
Keyword(s):  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
The Other ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Calcium Fluxes ◽  
Table Viii ◽  
Strontium 90

Coefficients at the midpoints of 30-day intervals are summarized in Tables XXXVI–XXXVIII. Calcium intake and retention as a function of age were taken from Tables VI and XII, respectively, and corrected according to Appendix C. Strontium intake was derived similarly from Table XV. The procedures by which the other values in Tables XXXVI and XXXVII were computed are summarized in Table XXXIX. The growth of the infant was assumed to begin 8 days after birth. Calcium fluxes at age 8 and 16 days were estimated to be the same as those in the following 30-day interval (see Table XXXVI), except for the total retention value taken from Table XII. Strontium intakes were taken to be 420 µg per day at these ages, based on an estimated strontium/calcium ratio of 0.9 mg per gram for a diet consisting mostly of formula. These estimates enable one to compute the accumulation of calcium and strontium between birth and the ages at which data were collected. Although several sets of values are given to three digits, these are presented only for internal consistency when computing fluxes; the accuracy of the values is represented better in Figures 15 and 21. Note, for example, that values of calcium in feces in Table XXXVI differ by several milligrams per day from directly measured values in Table VIII. All values in Table XXXVIII, except the strontium intake (which is identical to values in Table XXXVII), were obtained by trial-and-error fitting of strontium-90 values in urine and feces to the measured values for 30-day intervals (see Figure 29).

TRIAL-AND-ERROR SOLVING OF A CONFINEMENT PROBLEM BY A JUMPING SPIDER, PORTIA FIMBRIATA

Behaviour ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 138 (10) ◽  
pp. 1215-1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Jackson ◽  
Chris Carter ◽  
Michael Tarsitano
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Jumping Spider ◽  
Aggressive Mimicry ◽  
Jumping Spiders ◽  
Test Algorithm

Abstract Portia is a genus of web-invading araneophagic jumping spiders known from earlier studies to derive aggressive-mimicry signals by using a generate-and-test algorithm (trial-and-error tactic). Here P. fimbriata's use of trial-and-error to solve a confinement problem (how to escape from an island surrounded by water) is investigated. Spiders choose between two potential escape tactics (leap or swim), one of which will fail (bring spider no closer to edge of tray) and the other of which will partially succeed (bring spider closer to edge of tray). The particular choice that will partially succeed is unknown to the spider. Using trial-anderror, P.fimbriata solves the confinement problem both when correct choices are rewarded (i.e. when the spider is moved closer to edge of tray) and when incorrect choices are punished (i.e. when the spider gets no closer to edge of tray).

An Approach to a Science of Administration

1940 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1124-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin O. Stene
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
Value Judgments ◽  
Or Efficiency ◽  
Scientific Principles ◽  
Scientific Terms ◽  
Scientific Value

Writers on public administration place much emphasis upon the possibilities and importance of discovering and applying scientific principles in their field of study. But very few of them have ventured to state the basic premises upon which they seek to build that science. Many of those whose writings imply that major principles have been discovered announce, not premises, but conclusions, which, regardless of their practical merits, can hardly be called anything but opinions. On the other hand, several scholars seek to escape from errors of commission by avoiding the use of such scientific terms as “principles” or “efficiency.” If they go beyond descriptive analyses to advocate particular plans of organization or methods of procedure, they use terms which denote value judgments, thereby admitting by implication that they are expressing mere opinions. In a few published discourses, basic premises are stated and reasoning is developed therefrom. However, most of those premises—or “principles”—are referred to by name only, such as “the principle of leadership”; they are not stated in terms of precise causal relations which can be verified or which can serve adequately as bases for further reasoning.It may be regarded as unwise to venture a statement of what one considers the basic premises upon which a science of administration may be built. But every body of theory is built upon fundamental assumptions, either expressed or implied. Moreover, a body of theory is complete, and has scientific value, only when the premises are sufficiently clear to permit objective scrutiny and verification. Erroneous hypotheses, stated precisely, may be more scientific than vague or unexpressed assumptions; for only the former will lend themselves to verification. In other words, trial and error is an essential part of scientific method.

Organizational Commitment Of Afad Istanbul Search And Rescue Unit

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Karakoç ◽  
Ö Erdoğan ◽  
E Demirbaş
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Bachelor's Degree ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
The Other ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
International Level ◽  
Significant Public Health

Abstract Background Our study is intended to evaluate the Organizational Commitment of the Istanbul AFAD Search and Rescue Unit (AKB) employees operating at national and international level during disasters and to serve as a model for the other organizations that conduct national and international operations in the area of search and rescue. Methods This research was carried out with a total of 75 employees from Istanbul AFAD AKB from 02.11.18 to 01.01.2019. Introductory Information Form and Organizational Commitment Scale were used for data collection. Findings of the study were evaluated via IBM SPSS Statistics 22. Results Among 71 persons who participated in the study, it was determined that 91.5% were male, 50.7% were at the age of 40 or older, 81.7% were married, 67.6% had bachelor's degree, 63.4% were search and rescue technicians, and 50.7% were employed by their current organization for 10 years or less. Regarding the employees, it was found that 25.4% had very good organizational commitment while 54.9% faced issues in relation to the organizational commitment. OCS point average of the employees was 3.07±0.20 and the obtained Cronbach Alfa internal consistency coefficient of the scale was 0.678. OCS points of those employed for 12 years or longer in total were determined to be high at statistically significant level. Also, OCS points of those who did not face any issue in relation to the Organizational Commitment were found to be high at a statistically significant level against those who faced issues. Conclusions It is important to ensure work satisfaction, provide harmonization, and avert chaos and stress for boosting the organizational commitment. Therefore, the managers should conduct activities intended to boost the employee commitment levels within the organization. Key messages Disaster is a significant public health issue and disaster employees are special. The issues faced by the employees that perform search and rescue operations must be considered important and resolved.

scholarly journals Yield Prediction of Renewable Diesel From Hydrocracking Process as a Function of Pressure and Temperature Using Analytical Semi Empirical Model (ASEM)

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 02019
Author(s):  
Handrianto Wijaya ◽  
Bambang Heru Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Yield Prediction ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Time Cost ◽  
Renewable Diesel ◽  
Renewable Fuel ◽  
Hydrocracking Process ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Semi Empirical

The development of renewable fuels from biomass is very rapid, and becomes the main alternative to replace petroleum-derived fuels that are limited in stock. There has been a lot of experiments to optimize the production of renewable diesel, but it takes time, cost and a lot of trial and error in order to produce a good result. On the other hand, optimization using simulation is more cost and time effective. One of the processes in the production of this renewable fuel is hydrocracking. This experiment aims to study the effect of pressure and temperature in the hydrocracking process using the Analytical Semi Empirical Model (ASEM) method in representing the yield of the product. Mathematical models will be modified and validated using data from existing research. The results show that Analytical Semi Empirical Model can be used to predict the yield of product from hydrocracking, with all of the models show R2 higher than 0.95 and SSE lower than 3.

On Cliff's Formula, the Kaiser-Guttman Rule, and the Number of Factors

1992 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 595-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry F. Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factor Analytic ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
The Right

Cliff (1988) has presented a formula for the reliability of a principal component which is different from my long-known formula (Kaiser, 1957, 1991) for coefficient alpha of a principal component. Cliff claims that his approach is “correct” and mine “is the result of a misapplication of the formula for internal consistency reliability” Actually, both developments are correct but are based on different premises: Cliff considers measurement error within—but not between—attributes, while I consider measurement error between—but not within—attributes. The application of my formula to the knotty problem of the “number of factors”—the Kaiser-Guttman Rule—appears often to give the “right” result, when “right” means agreement with the subjective judgment of factor-analytic grandmasters. But when it fails it is approximately equally likely to overfactor as to underfactor. Cliff's formula, on the other hand, when used to establish the number of factors, almost invariably overfactors and, in the limit, as the within-attribute reliabilities all approach one (as with, say, physical attributes), nonsensically will declare all principal components perfectly reliable no matter how small their associated eigenvalues, yielding an absurd answer if used to establish the number of factors.

Preferences for Academic Advising Styles

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan B. Weir ◽  
Marcia M. Dickman ◽  
Dale R. Fuqua
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Academic Advising ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Developmental Advising ◽  
Psychometric Study ◽  
Prescriptive Advising ◽  
Practical Implications

This psychometric study was designed to test the feasibility of measuring college students' preferences for developmental and prescriptive advising styles as separate constructs. Part 5 of the Academic Advising Inventory (Winston & Sandor, 1984b) was revised into two independent scales, one for measuring preferences for developmental advising and the other for measuring preferences for prescriptive advising. Results suggest that the two scales have a reasonable item structure, and the internal consistency reliability is reported to be modest. Of greater theoretical importance, the two scales are found to be largely independent. The practical implications of this independence are discussed relative to future applications and research.

scholarly journals The role of perceived organizational support in work-leisure conflict

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-727
Author(s):  
Serkan Kurtipek ◽  
Tebessüm Ayyıldız Durhan ◽  
Nuri Berk Güngör
Keyword(s):  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Organizational Support ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Perceived Organizational Support ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
English Summary ◽  
The Other ◽  
Activity Participation ◽  
Consistency Coefficient ◽  
Other Hand

In this study, it is aimed to examine the effect of perceived organizational support of employees on the level of work-leisure conflict. The working group of the research consists of the personnel of the Ministry of Youth and Sports, who are working in Ankara. In addition to the personal information form, the “Work-Leisure Conflict Scale” and “Perceived Organizational Support Scale” were used in the data collection phase of the research. T-test for comparing the total scores obtained from the scales with the variables of regular activity participation, daily leisure time sufficient; Descriptive statistics were used to determine the scores obtained from the scales, Pearson Moment Correlation Test and Regression Analysis research were used to determine the relationship between the variables. For this study, the internal consistency coefficient for WLC was determined as .95, and the internal consistency coefficient for POS was determined as .90. The findings show that the participants showed an average WLC level, on the other hand, they had POS scores above the average. On the other hand, it was found that there were significant differences between the participants' daily leisure time, regular activity participation variables, and WLC and POS levels, there was a negative and low-level relationship between WLC and POS (r1=-.231, p<.01). It has been determined that POS affects WLC. The findings reveal important data to draw attention to the perceived organizational support of employees in reducing work-leisure conflict. ​Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.   Özet   Çalışmada işgörenlerin algılanan örgütsel desteğin iş-serbest zaman çatışma düzeyine etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, Ankara ilinde görevlerini sürdürmekte olan Gençlik ve Spor Bakanlığı personeli oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama aşamasında kişisel bilgi formunun yanı sıra “İş-Serbest Zaman Çatışma Ölçeği” ile “Algılanan Örgütsel Destek Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Ölçeklerden elde edilen toplam puanların düzenli etkinlik katılımı, günlük serbest zaman süresinin yeterli görülme değişkenleri ile karşılaştırılmasında T-testi; ölçeklerden elde edilen puanların belirlenmesinde betimsel istatistikler, değişkenler arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenebilmesi için Pearson Momentler Çarpımı Korelasyonu Testi ve Regresyon Analizi araştırma kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışma için İSZÇ için iç tutarlılık katsayısı .95, AÖD için iç tutarlılık katsayısı .90 olarak belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular katılımcıların ortalama İSZÇ düzeyi gösterdikleri, buna karşılık ortalamanın üzerinde AÖD puanları ortaya koyduklarını göstermektedir. Diğer yandan katılımcıların günlük serbest zaman süresi, düzenli etkinlik katılımı değişkenleriyle İSZÇ ve AÖD düzeyleri arasında anlamlı farklılıklar olduğu, İSZÇ ve AÖD arasında negatif yönlü ve düşük düzeyde bir ilişkinin olduğu ve (r1=-.231, p<.01). AÖD’nin İSZÇ’yi etkilediği belirlenmiştir. Bulgular işgörenlerin iş serbest zaman çatışmasını azaltmada algılanan örgütsel desteğe dikkat çekmek üzere önemli veriler ortaya koymaktadır.

scholarly journals Manuscript: Intern preparedness for the CanMEDS roles and the Dunning-Kruger effect: a survey

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Detlef Richard Prozesky ◽  
Mmoloki Cornelius Molwantwa ◽  
Masego Baitseng Kebaetse ◽  
Oathokwa Nkomazana
Keyword(s):  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Interval Data ◽  
Professional Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
Medical Expert ◽  
Supervisor Ratings ◽  
External Group ◽  
Health Advocate ◽  
Validated Instrument

Abstract Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to determine whether the first cohort of graduates from a new undergraduate medical programme in Botswana were adequately prepared for internship. Methods The authors surveyed 27 interns and 13 intern supervisors on site, who rated intern preparedness for 44 tasks using a previously validated instrument. Tasks were grouped according to the seven roles of the physician in the CanMEDS framework and Cronbach α values confirmed internal consistency. To determine the direction of differences between intern and supervisor ratings for tasks Likert scale ratings were treated as interval data and mean scores calculated. Rating frequencies for each role were compared using the χ 2 statistic. Reasons for differences between intern and supervisor ratings were explored by determining correlations between scores using the Spearman ρ statistic, and analysing qualitative data generated by the questionnaire. Results Preparedness for all seven roles and the majority of tasks was found to be between ‘Fairly well prepared’ and ‘Well prepared’. The ratings for four roles (Medical expert, Communicator, Collaborator, Professional) differed statistically, but not for the three others (Leader, Health advocate, Scholar). Interns rated their proficiency higher than their supervisors for the tasks in six roles; for the ‘Professional’ role intern ratings were mostly lower. Correlations between intern and supervisors scores were only significant for three roles (Medical expert, Communicator, Collaborator). Qualitative data provided further insights into the reasons for these associations. Conclusions Intern preparedness for tasks and roles varied but was generally satisfactory. Based on the analysis of the data seeming discrepancies in between interns and supervisor ratings were investigated and explanations are offered. For three roles the data indicate that their component tasks are understood in the same way by interns and supervisors, but not for the other roles. The Dunning-Kruger effect offers a plausible explanation for higher intern scores for tasks in six of the roles. For the ‘Professional’ role differences between interns’ internal, individual understanding and supervisors’ external, group understanding may explain lower intern scores. The fact that respondents may understand the tasks they rate differently has implications for all research of this nature.

scholarly journals M95. DSM-5 CLINICIAN-RATED DIMENSIONS OF PSYCHOSIS SYMPTOM SEVERITY: PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S170-S171
Author(s):  
Edith Liemburg ◽  
Fokko Nienhuis ◽  
Wim Veling
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
The Other ◽  
Symptom Dimensions ◽  
Recent Onset ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Impaired Cognition

Abstract Background In DSM-5, a number of “emerging measures” are included for further research and clinical evaluation. These patient assessment measures were developed to be administered at the initial patient interview and to monitor treatment progress. One of these instruments is the Clinician-Rated Dimensions of Psychosis Symptom Severity (CRDPSS). Using this instrument, a clinician can rate the severity of eight symptom dimensions of psychotic disorders. The psychometric properties and the applicability of the instrument in clinical practice have not yet been investigated. The current study aims to investigate the internal consistency, factor structure and external validity with other assessment instruments. Methods The CRDPSS measures eight symptom dimensions, namely Hallucinations, Delusions, Disorganized speech, Abnormal psychomotor behavior, Negative Symptoms, Impaired Cognition, Depression and Mania. Items are scored on a five-point scale ranging from “Not present” to “Present and Severe”. This interview has been applied in the Psychosis Recent Onset GRoningen Survey (PROGR-S), a diagnostic protocol for patients with a suspected recent-onset psychotic disorder (n = 164 in the current analysis). Besides the CRDPSS, scores on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Health of Nations Outcome Measure (HoNOS), the Mongomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), Cambridge Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) and mini-Structural Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (mini-SCAN) were used for current analyses. The Crohnbach Alpha was calculated to investigate internal consistency, exploratory factor analysis was applied, and the convergent validity was investigated by calculating non-parametric correlations of the CRDPSS with similar items or subscales of the other instruments. Results The Cronbach’s alpha of the CRDPSS was 0.36, indicating low internal consistency. Factor analysis resulted in three Factors: 1. Delusions/Mania, 2. Abnormal psychomotor behavior/Negative Symptoms/Impaired cognition, 3. Hallucinations/Depression. For hallucinations, Delusions, and Depression a Kendall’s tau of 0.35 – 0.45 was observed with the other instrument scores and for Impaired cognition tau = 0.6, indicating a weak to moderate association. Negative symptoms resulted in tau &lt; 0.2 and for the other instruments tau &lt; 0.1, but in these cases the measure of the other instruments was of questionable quality. Discussion The internal consistency of the CRDPSS was poor and factor analysis resulted in factors that differed to some extent from previous findings. Moreover, the convergent validity with other instruments was poor to moderate. In conclusion, based on first analyses the reliability and clinical applicability of the CRDPSS appears limited. Future studies should investigate inter-rater reliability, test-retest reliability, use more optimal measures to investigate convergent validity and use larger samples.

Internal and External Consistency of Doppler, Satellite-Triangulation, and Terrestrial Networks

1974 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 467-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Wells ◽  
E. J. Krakiwsky ◽  
D. B. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Confidence Regions ◽  
Covariance Matrices ◽  
The Other ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Satellite Network ◽  
The North ◽  
Triangulation Network ◽  
External Consistency ◽  
Terrestrial Networks

Three sample networks in Atlantic Canada are compared: one eight-station Doppler satellite network, one triangle of the North American densification of the USNGS world satellite triangulation network, and one terrestrial triangulation network. The method used to compute the Doppler network is described. The internal consistency of each network is assessed through analysis of covariance matrices. The externa! consistency between the Doppler and satellite triangulation, and between the Doppler and terrestrial networks is assessed by comparing the interstation distances in one network with the appropriate confidence regions in the other.

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