Brain Stem Glioma Causing Failure to Thrive

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 451-455
Author(s):  
Robert L. Sieben ◽  
Nobuyoshi Ishii
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
Aspiration Pneumonia ◽  
Failure To Thrive ◽  
Brain Stem Glioma ◽  
Fibrillary Astrocytoma ◽  
Bulbar Palsy ◽  
The Brain

A small fibrillary astrocytoma of the brain stem led to bulbar palsy, persistent regurgitation, and death from aspiration pneumonia in a 4-month-old boy. As no changes were produced in the external configuration of the brain stem, a pneumoencephalogram might not have revealed the presence of the tumor.

Treatment of Recurrent Brain Stem Gliomas and Other Central Nervous System Tumors with 5-Fluorouracil, CCNU, Hydroxyurea, and 6-Mercaptopurine

Neurosurgery ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 691-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis A. Rodriguez ◽  
Michael Prados ◽  
Dorcas Fulton ◽  
Michael S. B. Edwards ◽  
Pamela Silver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Central Nervous System Tumors ◽  
Brain Stem Glioma ◽  
Spinal Cord Tumors ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Stem Gliomas ◽  
Time To Tumor Progression

Abstract Twenty-one patients with recurrent malignant central nervous system gliomas were treated with a combination of 5-fluorouracil, CCNU, hydroxyurea, and 6-mercaptopurine. Thirteen patients had brain stem gliomas, 3 patients had spinal cord gliomas, 3 patients had thalamic gliomas, and 2 patients had cerebellar astrocytomas. All patients had received radiation therapy, and 4 brain stem patients had also been treated with chemotherapy. Sixteen patients (76%) responded to treatment with either stabilization of disease or improvement. Nine of the 13 patients with brain stem gliomas (71%) had response or stabilization of disease. The median time to tumor progression (TTP) for the brain stem patients who responded or had stabilization of disease was 25 weeks. The median survival from recurrence for the brain stem glioma patients was 27 weeks. Patients with cerebellar, thalamic, and spinal cord tumors did very well, with an 87% response or stabilization of disease and a median TTP of 122 weeks.

Benign Brain Stem Lesions in Pediatric Patients with Neurofibromatosis: Case Reports

Neurosurgery ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 959-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey Raffel ◽  
Gordon J. McComb ◽  
Sara Bodner ◽  
Floyd E. Gilles
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Tumor Imaging ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Brain Stem Glioma ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Brain Stem Lesions ◽  
Stem Lesions ◽  
The Brain

Abstract The symptoms and clinical courses of 4 patients with neurofibromatosis and lesions of the brain stem identifiable on computed tomographic and/or magnetic resonance imaging scans are described. Two patients underwent biopsy and both had low-grade astrocytomas with no evidence of anaplasia. Both received radiation and chemotherapy. The other 2 patients have been monitored without biopsy or treatment. Three patients are alive and clinically stable, having been followed up for an average of 4 years; neuroimaging studies have shown no change in their tumors. The fourth patient died of a supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor. Imaging studies had shown no change in his brain stem lesion, which at autopsy was found to be a focal collection of fibrillary astrocytes. These data suggest that some patients with brain stem lesions and neurofibromatosis may have a prognosis distinctly different from that of the typical patient with a brain stem glioma. We recommend caution against aggressive operative and adjuvant therapy for brain stem lesions in patients with neurofibromatosis, unless progression of the lesion is documented clinically and/or by imaging.

Combined Thyroplasty Type I and Inferior Constrictor Myotomy

1994 ◽  
Vol 103 (11) ◽  
pp. 858-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
William W. Montgomery ◽  
Robert E. Hillman ◽  
Mark A. Varvares
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Aspiration Pneumonia ◽  
Metastatic Disease ◽  
Preoperative Evaluation ◽  
Type I ◽  
Early Date ◽  
Combined Procedure ◽  
Laryngeal Closure ◽  
The Brain

The preoperative evaluation and technique of combined thyroplasty and inferior constrictor myotomy are described and illustrated. The results in cases in which thyroplasty type I and inferior constrictor myotomy were done as separate procedures are compared to those in cases in which thyroplasty and inferior constrictor myotomy were combined in the same operation. The end results obtained with these two approaches did not differ significantly; however, with the exception of brain stem disease, patients undergoing the combined procedure at an early date are more likely to be spared gastrostomy and aspiration pneumonia. Diseases of the brain stem (ie, stroke and metastatic disease such as breast cancer) respond poorly to an inferior constrictor myotomy. In such cases the patient can best be rehabilitated with a thyroplasty type I along with a gastrostomy or laryngeal closure procedure.

scholarly journals Brain Stem Glioma in Childhood: Acute Hemiplegic Onset

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.J. Rothman ◽  
C.W. Olanow
Keyword(s):  
Glioblastoma Multiforme ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Abrupt Onset ◽  
Unusual Presentation ◽  
Brain Stem Glioma ◽  
Surgical Biopsy ◽  
Initial Manifestation ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Stem Gliomas ◽  
Pure Motor

SUMMARY:Two children, age seven and 16 years, are described with the abrupt onset of a pure motor hemiplegia as the initial manifestation of a brain stem neoplasm. Subsequent rapid neurological deterioration localized the lesion to the brain stem and glioblastoma multiforme was diagnosed by surgical biopsy. It is suggested that brain stem gliomas with this unusual presentation are likely to be highly malignant and prone to rapid bulbar deterioration.

Brain-stem glioma growth patterns

1993 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred J. Epstein ◽  
Jean-Pierre Farmer
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Brain Stem Glioma ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fiber Tracts ◽  
Glioma Growth ◽  
Stem Lesions ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Stem Gliomas

✓ During the last decade, several authors have reported that certain brain-stem gliomas may be associated with a better prognosis than others. In this paper, retrospective correlations between the pathological findings and the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging appearance of 88 brain-stem gliomas are established. The authors propose an anatomical hypothesis that helps identify glioma growth patterns in general and that clarifies why cervicomedullary, dorsally exophytic, and focal tumors have a more favorable prognosis. According to this hypothesis, growth of benign gliomas of the brain stem is guided by secondary structures such as the pia, fiber tracts, and the ependyma, which in turn leads to stereotypical growth patterns that are clearly identified on MR images. The authors believe that this hypothesis, in conjunction with clinical data, may help establish selection criteria for the surgical treatment of specific brain-stem lesions.

5-Fluorouracil and 1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) Followed by Hydroxyurea, Misonidazole, and Irradiation for Brain Stem Gliomas: A Pilot Study of the Brain Tumor Research Center and the Childrens Cancer Group

Neurosurgery ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 679-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor A. Levin ◽  
Michael S. Edwards ◽  
William M. Wara ◽  
Jeffrey Allen ◽  
Jorge Ortega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
Brain Stem Glioma ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Relapse Free Survival ◽  
Karnofsky Score ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Cancer Group ◽  
Tumor Research ◽  
Brain Tumor Research ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Twenty-eight evaluable children with the diagnosis of brain stem glioma were treated with 5-fluorouracil and CCNU before posterior fossa irradiation (5500 rads); during irradiation, the children received hydroxyurea and misonidazole, The treatment was well tolerated, and minimal toxicity was produced. The median relapse-free survival was 32 weeks, and the median survival was 44 weeks. Analysis of covariates showed that, in patients between the ages of 2 and 19 years, survival was longest in the older children (P < 0.02). Tumor histology, sex, extent of operation (if any), Karnofsky score, and radiation dose did not correlate with survival.

Permeability of the microcirculation in area postrema of rat

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 348-349
Author(s):  
Shams M. Ghoneim ◽  
Frank M. Faraci ◽  
Gary L. Baumbach
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
Area Postrema ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sodium Cacodylate ◽  
Acute Hypertension ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Ultrastructural Characteristics ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Adjacent Brain

The area postrema is a circumventricular organ in the brain stem and is one of the regions in the brain that lacks a fully functional blood-brain barrier. Recently, we found that disruption of the microcirculation during acute hypertension is greater in area postrema than in the adjacent brain stem. In contrast, hyperosmolar disruption of the microcirculation is greater in brain stem. The objective of this study was to compare ultrastructural characteristics of the microcirculation in area postrema and adjacent brain stem.We studied 5 Sprague-Dawley rats. Horseradish peroxidase was injected intravenously and allowed to circulate for 1, 5 or 15 minutes. Following perfusion of the upper body with 2.25% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M sodium cacodylate, the brain stem was removed, embedded in agar, and chopped into 50-70 μm sections with a TC-Sorvall tissue chopper. Sections of brain stem were incubated for 1 hour in a solution of 3,3' diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride (0.05%) in 0.05M Tris buffer with 1% H2O2.

Surgical Approaches to the Brain Stem

1993 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Y. Wen ◽  
Roberto C. Heros
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
The Brain
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