A Critical Look at Oral Decongestants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 550-552
Author(s):  
Richard P. Lampert ◽  
Donald S. Robinson ◽  
Lester F. Soyka
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Rational Basis ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infections ◽  
Rebound Phenomenon ◽  
The Common ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Serous Otitis Media

The use of decongestants for the common cold remains controversial. Topical decongestants appear effective in shrinking the nasal mucosa and relieving symptoms, but the rebound phenomenon and other undesirable side effects, especially with imidazolines, preclude their more common use in children.12 No clearcut evidence exists for the efficacy of oral decongestants and their use in this regard may be more in the nature of a placebo. Based on Miller's study, decongestants may be helpful in maintaining eustachian tube patency in children with chronic serous otitis media, whereas Rubenstein et al.11 found them to be of no help in acute otitis media. Lacking convincing evidence, one cannot presently recommend on a rational basis the routine use of decongestants in upper respiratory infections.

SPECIAL ARTICLE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-336
Author(s):  
Sidney S. Samuels
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Air Travel ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Secretory Otitis Media ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infection ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infections ◽  
Sense Of Security ◽  
Upper Respiratory

THE DIAGNOSIS of non-suppurative, secretory otitis media has been made much more frequently in recent years than it was prior to 1950. This increase has been noticed in children many more times than in adults, as pointed out by Robison and Nicholas. The disease is much more commonly found because of increased vigilance some otologists believe, as does Suehs, since the entity was reviewed and clarified by the brilliant work of Hoople in that year. However, there are undoubtedly other factors contributing to the greater incidence of this entity, such as the increased use of antibiotics in upper respiratory infections, including otitis media; an increase in the number of so-called virus infections; the greater prevalence of allergic diathesis; increased air travel; and, as Lindsay states, the swing of time pendulum toward extreme conservatism in recommending removal of tonsils and adenoids, a tendency resulting partly from a sense of security afforded by antibiotic therapy. The condition has received more of the attention it merits lately from that group of practitioners who are first in contact with the patients, namely the pediatrician and general practitioner who attend the acutely ill child. For usually the actual onset of the illness is acute, an otitis media occurring during an acute upper respiratory infection or as an acute otitis media following such an illness. The former need not even reach the stage where it is definitely recognized, its progress being halted by the antibiotic treatment administered. The attention of the attending physiciain is focused upon the middle ear in the younger child, either by the presence of pain in the affected ear, or by the abnormal appearance of the tympanic membrane, or both.

Intramuscular Corticosteroids for Acute Upper Respiratory Infections Affects Healthcare Utilization

2020 ◽  
Vol 129 (10) ◽  
pp. 988-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean M Parsel ◽  
Alaa E Mohammed ◽  
Daniel Fort ◽  
Blair M Barton ◽  
Edward D McCoul
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Utilization ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Urgent Care ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infections ◽  
Regional Health Care ◽  
Repeat Visit ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Objective: To examine the use of intramuscular corticosteroid (IMCS) injections for treatment of acute upper respiratory infections (URI) and the influence on healthcare utilization. Methods: This retrospective cohort study used patient encounter data from a large multicenter regional health care system between 2013 and 2017. Adult patients diagnosed with acute URI (acute pharyngitis, acute sinusitis, acute otitis media, and URI not otherwise specified) during ambulatory encounters were included. Follow-up encounters for a diagnosis of acute URI within 60 days were identified and patient characteristics, encounter details, and procedure codes were retrieved. Frequency data was used to calculate IMCS injection administration prevalence, utilization trends, and associations with covariates. Follow-up data for return encounters within 60 days for the same diagnosis was examined. Results: Of the 153 848 initial encounters, 34 600 (22.5%) patients received IMCS injection for acute URI. Injection rates varied from 0.85% to 49.1% depending on specialty and practitioner type. Internal medicine, family medicine, urgent care, and otorhinolaryngology clinics most commonly administered IMCS. 3788 patients returned for a second encounter of which 751 (19.8%) received an injection. IMCS injection during the first encounter was associated with increased odds of repeat visit within 60 days (OR: 1.74; 95% CI: 1.61–1.88). Conclusion: IMCS use in the treatment of acute URI is highly prevalent despite lack of evidence for impact and safety. Prevalence is variable across multiple medical and surgical specialties including otorhinolaryngology. Administration of IMCS injection may contribute to the likelihood of a subsequent healthcare visit for the same indication.

scholarly journals THE ETIOLOGY OF ACUTE UPPER RESPIRATORY INFECTION (COMMON COLD)

1931 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perrin H. Long ◽  
James A. Doull ◽  
Janet M. Bourn ◽  
Emily McComb
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Common Cold ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infection ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infections ◽  
In Series ◽  
The Common ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Experimental upper respiratory infections similar to "common colds" were transmitted singly and in series through two and four passages in nine out of fifteen persons, by intransal inoculations with bacteria-free filtrates of nasopharyngeal washings obtained from individuals ill with natural "colds." These observations conform with those reported by previous workers and lend further support to the view that the incitant of the "common cold" is a filtrable virus.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Aminomethyl Spectinomycins against Complex Upper Respiratory Tract Bacterial Infections

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Iverson ◽  
Christopher J. Meyer ◽  
Peter Vogel ◽  
Samanthi Waidyarachchi ◽  
Nisha Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Upper Respiratory

ABSTRACT The most frequent ailment for which antibiotics are prescribed is otitis media (ear infections), which is most commonly caused by Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Treatment of otitis media is complicated by the fact that the bacteria in the middle ear typically form biofilms, which can be recalcitrant to antibiotic treatment. Furthermore, bacterial respiratory infections can be greatly exacerbated by viral coinfection, which is particularly evidenced by the synergy between influenza and S. pneumoniae. In this study, we sought to ascertain the in vivo efficacy of aminomethyl spectinomycin lead 1950, an effective antibacterial agent both in vitro and in vivo against Streptococcus pneumoniae in the context of complex respiratory infections and acute otitis media. A single dose of 1950 significantly reduced bacterial burden in the respiratory tract for all three pathogens, even when species were present in a coinfection model. Additionally, a single dose of 1950 effectively reduced pneumococcal acute otitis media from the middle ear. The agent 1950 also proved efficacious in the context of influenza-pneumococcal super infection. These data further support the development of this family of compounds as potential therapeutic agents against the common causes of complex upper respiratory tract infections and acute otitis media.

scholarly journals STUDIES IN THE COMMON COLD

1930 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 701-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Dochez ◽  
Gerald S. Shibley ◽  
Katherene C. Mills
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Common Cold ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infections ◽  
Human Volunteers ◽  
The Common ◽  
Upper Respiratory

1. Chimpanzees are highly suitable animals for the experimental study of human upper respiratory infections. 2. Human colds have been successfully transmitted to apes and human volunteers in 44 per cent of instances tried by means of filtered nasal washings obtained from colds. 3. Certain types of infectious colds are caused by a filtrable agent.

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