Physical Signs in Childhood Asthma

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-541
Author(s):  
J. O. O. Commey ◽  
Henry Levison
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Scalene Muscle ◽  
Lung Capacity ◽  
Residual Capacity ◽  
Severe Airway Obstruction

In 62 children with bronchial asthma, the presence of subjective dyspnea and wheeze, and some physical signs commonly associated with chronic obstructive airway disease in older patients, were compared with results of routine pulmonary function tests. Overall, airway resistance and the relationships of residual volume and functional residual capacity to total lung capacity were increased and other measurements of pulmonary function were moderately decreased. The time-honored subjective dyspnea, wheeze, rhonchi, and prolonged expiration were least useful as indices of severity of disease. Most of the patients, particularly those in whom laboratory testing revealed marked impairment, had notable rhonchi, prolonged expiration, scalene muscle and sternocleidomastoid contraction, and supraclavicular indrawing. Only sternocleidomastoid contraction and supraclavicular indrawing clearly correlated with the severity of airway obstruction. A call is made for a search for these useful signs, whose presence may be the only clue to moderately severe disease; however, their absence does not guarantee absence of severe airway obstruction.

SURVEY OF PULMONARY FUNCTION TESTS IN MALE TOBACCO ADDICTS EXAMINED AT HUE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL

2014 ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
Thi Mai Thanh Hoang ◽  
Thi Thuy Hang Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The World

Background: Cigarette smoking is known as a menace and contagious problem. The World health organization reported that tobacco smoking killed 6 million people worldwide in 2011 and warned that it could kill one billion people around the world in 21st century also. Tobacco smoking is the leading known risk factor for the development of lung cancer, stroke, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Smoking is the primary cause of airway obstruction, chronic expectoration and decline in lung function. Spirometry is the best method to detect borderline to mild airway obstruction, which occurs early without appearance of any symptoms or signs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pulmonary function parameters and ventilatory disorders in men smokers. Material and Methods: This was a comparative cross-sectional study. There are 180 male subjects, 90 smokers (age 39.1±8.1, height 163.5±6.9) and 90 non-smokers (age 39.0±9.4, height 164±5.6) were included using convenience sampling. The pulmonary function test was measured by HI-801 spirometer. The following variables were measured: FVC, FEV1, FEF25-75%, PEF. Results: The results showed that most value measured in smokers were significantly lower than those of non-smokers (p<0.05). The prevalence of small airway obstructive disorder was 37.8%, obstructive disorder was 27.8%, restrictive disorder was 1.1%, mixed disorder was 18.9%. Conclusions: In tobacco addicts, smoking confers a high risk factor of developing the deteriotation of the ventilatory function. Keywords: Pulmonary function parameters, respiratory disorders, tobacco addicts

Lung volumes during sustained microgravity on Spacelab SLS-1

1994 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 2005-2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Elliott ◽  
G. K. Prisk ◽  
H. J. Guy ◽  
J. B. West
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Total Lung Capacity ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Residual Volume ◽  
Lung Volumes ◽  
Lung Capacity ◽  
Supine Posture ◽  
Residual Capacity ◽  
Flowmeter System ◽  
Made In

Gravity is known to influence the mechanical behavior of the lung and chest wall. However, the effect of sustained microgravity (mu G) on lung volumes has not been reported. Pulmonary function tests were performed by four subjects before, during, and after 9 days of mu G exposure. Ground measurements were made in standing and supine postures. Tests were performed using a bag-in-box-and-flowmeter system and a respiratory mass spectrometer. Measurements included functional residual capacity (FRC), expiratory reserve volume (ERV), residual volume (RV), inspiratory and expiratory vital capacities (IVC and EVC), and tidal volume (VT). Total lung capacity (TLC) was derived from the measured EVC and RV values. With preflight standing values as a comparison, FRC was significantly reduced by 15% (approximately 500 ml) in mu G and 32% in the supine posture. ERV was reduced by 10–20% in mu G and decreased by 64% in the supine posture. RV was significantly reduced by 18% (310 ml) in mu G but did not significantly change in the supine posture compared with standing. IVC and EVC were slightly reduced during the first 24 h of mu G but returned to 1-G standing values within 72 h of mu G exposure. IVC and EVC in the supine posture were significantly reduced by 12% compared with standing. During mu G, VT decreased by 15% (approximately 90 ml), but supine VT was unchanged compared with preflight standing values. TLC decreased by approximately 8% during mu G and in the supine posture compared with preflight standing. The reductions in FRC, ERV, and RV during mu G are probably due to the cranial shift of the diaphragm, an increase in intrathoracic blood volume, and more uniform alveolar expansion.

scholarly journals A 3D-CNN model with CT-based parametric response mapping for classifying COPD subjects

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thao Thi Ho ◽  
Taewoo Kim ◽  
Woo Jin Kim ◽  
Chang Hyun Lee ◽  
Kum Ju Chae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Respiratory Disorder ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Response Mapping ◽  
Small Airway Disease ◽  
3D Cnn ◽  
Parametric Response

AbstractChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a respiratory disorder involving abnormalities of lung parenchymal morphology with different severities. COPD is assessed by pulmonary-function tests and computed tomography-based approaches. We introduce a new classification method for COPD grouping based on deep learning and a parametric-response mapping (PRM) method. We extracted parenchymal functional variables of functional small airway disease percentage (fSAD%) and emphysema percentage (Emph%) with an image registration technique, being provided as input parameters of 3D convolutional neural network (CNN). The integrated 3D-CNN and PRM (3D-cPRM) achieved a classification accuracy of 89.3% and a sensitivity of 88.3% in five-fold cross-validation. The prediction accuracy of the proposed 3D-cPRM exceeded those of the 2D model and traditional 3D CNNs with the same neural network, and was comparable to that of 2D pretrained PRM models. We then applied a gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM) that highlights the key features in the CNN learning process. Most of the class-discriminative regions appeared in the upper and middle lobes of the lung, consistent with the regions of elevated fSAD% and Emph% in COPD subjects. The 3D-cPRM successfully represented the parenchymal abnormalities in COPD and matched the CT-based diagnosis of COPD.

COPD – Stellenwert der Lungenfunktionsanalyse in Diagnostik und Therapie

2018 ◽  
Vol 143 (08) ◽  
pp. 593-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfram Windisch ◽  
Carl Criée
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Pulmonary Emphysema ◽  
Pulmonary Function Testing ◽  
Exclusion Criterion ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Pharmaceutical Treatment ◽  
Lung Hyperinflation ◽  
Function Testing

AbstractPulmonary function testing is essential for diagnosis and treatment-guidance of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Airway obstruction as assessed by spirometry should follow the reference-values provided by the Global Lung Initiative (GLI) of the European Respiratory Society (ERS). In addition, lung function testing should also include the assessment of lung hyperinflation and pulmonary emphysema by full-body plethysmography and determination of diffusion capacity. This is important since both, lung hyperinflation and pulmonary emphysema, can present without existing airway obstruction. Even though this formally excludes the diagnosis of COPD, these entities still belong to this disease complex. However, strictly speaking, pharmaceutical treatment is valid only for those patients with co-existing airway obstruction according to Global Lung Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) criteria – since the absence of airway obstruction serves as exclusion criterion in nearly all randomized controlled trials. Nevertheless, progressive symptoms still require detailed pulmonary function testing for the guidance of non-pharmaceutical treatment – such as endoscopic or surgical lung volume reduction, long-term oxygen therapy, long-term non-invasive ventilation, and lung transplantation.

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