Urine Output Determination From Superabsorbent and Regular Diapers Under Radiant Heat

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-431
Author(s):  
Marcus C. Hermansen ◽  
Mary Buches
Keyword(s):  
Urine Output ◽  
Radiant Heat ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Radiant Heater

The rate of water evaporation from diapers was determined by sequential weights of open and closed regular diapers and of open superabsorbent diapers in three different environments—radiant heater at 100% heater output, radiant heater at 50% heater output, and room air. In all three environments, evaporation was greatest with open regular diapers, less with open superabsorbent diapers, and least with closed regular diapers. Evaporation was greatest under the radiant heater with 100% heater output, less under the radiant heater with 50% heater output, and least in room air. An open, regular diaper under 100% heater output lost 45% of its water after one hour and 85% had evaporated after two hours. Smaller volumes of water demonstrated a larger percentage of evaporation than larger volumes. Recommendations are made for the use of(1) either open, superabsorbent diapers or closed, regular diapers, (2) prompt weights after urination, and (3) accurate and precise scales.

Reduction of Oxygen Consumption, Insensible Water Loss, and Radiant Heat Demand with Use of a Plastic Blanket for Low-Birth-Weight Infants Under Radiant Warmers

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 1022-1028
Author(s):  
Stephen Baumgart
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Radiant Heat ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Heat Demand ◽  
Radiant Heater ◽  
Radiant Warmer

Eight very low-birth-weight premature infants (mean birth weight 1.11 ± 0.05 [SEM] kg, mean gestation 30 ± 1 weeks, and mean age 9 ± 2 days) were studied under servocontrolled radiant warmers with and without a loosely fitted, transparent, and flexible Saran plastic blanket. Metabolic rate was significantly less in all infants when covered by the blanket (oxygen consumption was 7.99 ± 1.13 mL/kg/min v 9.00 ± 1.10 mL/kg/min uncovered, P < .001). There were also significant reductions in insensible water loss (1.86 ± 0.18 v 1.25 ± 0.20 mL/kg/h, P < .01) and in heat demand from the radiant warmer (14.3 ± 1.3 v 9.9 ± 1.4 mW/cm2, P < .001) when infants were nursed under the blanket compared with the control condition, respectively. Covering the critically ill, very low-birth-weight infant nursed under a radiant heater with a thin, transparent layer of Saran is beneficial in reducing oxygen consumption, insensible water loss, and the need for exposure to high levels of radiant heat. Further investigation to confirm the benefits and possible complications of plastic blankets should be conducted before routine use can be recommended.

NEWBORN TEMPERATURE AND CALCULATED HEAT LOSS IN THE DELIVERY ROOM

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 504-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lida Swafford Dahm ◽  
L. Stanley James
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Radiant Heat ◽  
Delivery Room ◽  
Energy Stores ◽  
Radiant Heater ◽  
Evaporation Reduction ◽  
Initial Heat

Newborn infants lose heat rapidly at birth and during the first half hour of life. This investigation was undertaken to determine whether the initial heat loss was due principally to evaporation, and whether or not establishment of breathing would be irregular or delayed if the initial cold stress was reduced. Five groups, each of 10 infants, were studied during the first half hour of life. Infants in Groups I and IV remained wet and were exposed to either room air or placed under a radiant heater. Those in Groups II, III, and V were dried promptly and exposed to room air, wrapped in a blanket or warmed by means of a radiant heater. Heat loss due to radiation and convection together was twice that from evaporation. Reduction of cold stress by placing the infant under a radiant heater as soon as he is born does not impede or delay the onset of breathing. Wet infants exposed to room air lost nearly five times more heat than those who were dried and warmed. In vigorous infants, the simple maneuver of drying and wrapping in a warm blanket is almost as effective in diminishing heat loss as placing them under a radiant heater. However, in depressed or immature infants who may be more asphyxiated or have reduced energy stores, radiant heat maintains body temperature while allowing access to the patient.

scholarly journals Experimental and Numerical Analyses of Temperature-Reducing-Effect by Heat of Water Evaporation on a Moss-Greening Ceramic Utilizing Waste Silica

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1548
Author(s):  
Kentaro Yasui ◽  
Ayako Tanaka ◽  
Kenichi Ito ◽  
Minoru Fujisaki ◽  
Hiroyuki Kinoshita
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Change ◽  
Temperature Increase ◽  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Radiant Heat ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Sample Temperature ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Surface Temperature Change ◽  
Suppression Effect ◽  
Evaporation Heat

To recycle silica byproducts and to moderate the heat-island phenomenon, a porous ceramic was prepared by mixing waste silica powder with clay, and then firing the resultant mixture. By exploiting the high water-absorption capacity of the resulting ceramic, a greening material in which the porous ceramic was covered with moss was produced. The suppression effect of the temperature increase caused by solar-radiant heat on the moss-covered ceramic, was investigated quantitatively using the following procedure. First, the surface temperature change of the water-absorbing moss-covered sample during solar-radiant heat reception, and the amount of water that evaporated from the sample were measured simultaneously. Then, the heat of evaporation was estimated from measurements of the rate of water evaporation. Next, to investigate how much the sample temperature was reduced by heat of water evaporation, the temperature change of the sample when the heat of water evaporation was absorbed from the sample, was simulated by performing Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis. The summary of the results was as follows. (1) The primary factor of the temperature-reduction-effects on the moss-covered sample was action of heat of water evaporation. Therefore, the moss-covered sample did not exhibit much of the suppression ability of the temperature increase caused by solar-radiant heat, when the sample did not contain sufficient water. (2) This analytical method enabled us to simulate with a relatively high accuracy, the temperature change of a water-absorbing sample during solar-radiant-heat reception. Especially, the method enabled us to investigate visibly the influence of water evaporation-heat on the sample temperature, in addition to the influences of the emissivity of the sample, and the apparent specific heat and thermal conductivity changes due to water content in the sample.

Solar-radiant heat reducing effect by heat of water evaporation of a moss-greening material with ceramic containing waste silica.

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (0) ◽  
pp. G0900003
Author(s):  
Ayako TANAKA ◽  
Kentaro YASUI ◽  
Kenichi ITO ◽  
Minoru FUJISAKI ◽  
Hiroyuki KINOSHITA
Keyword(s):  
Radiant Heat ◽  
Water Evaporation

Analysis of Heat Island Intensity in Urban Blocks Using Coupled Simulation

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 1669-1672
Author(s):  
Jing Liu ◽  
Fei Ma ◽  
Fan Li
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Radiant Heat ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Environment ◽  
Environment Temperature ◽  
Architectural Planning ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems ◽  
Heat Released

In this paper, a building canopy model is coupled with CFD for the analysis of microclimates within urban blocks under different urban and architectural planning. This model considers radiant heat exchange in the building canopy, water evaporation of vegetations and heat released from the air conditioning systems. Using this model, thermal environment of a real urban block is analyzed. The simulation results show that heat released from the air conditioning systems is one of the most important factors affecting outdoor thermal environment. Temperature of vegetation is significantly lower than that of road surfaces. However, air temperature difference is not great between zones with vegetation and other zones at 1.5m height.

Effects of cisplatin treatment on the rat neurohypophysis

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 122-123
Author(s):  
J.M. Fadool ◽  
P.J. Boyer ◽  
S.K. Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Urine Output ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Antineoplastic Drugs

Cisplatin (CDDP) is currently one of the most valuable antineoplastic drugs available. However, it has severe toxic side effects of which nephrotoxicity is the major dose limiting factor in its use. It induces morphological changes in the kidney with hampered urine output. The present study is an effort to determine the influence of the drug on the neurohypophysis for any antidiuretic effects on the kidney.

Instruments for Measuring Radiant Heat

1889 ◽  
Vol 28 (727supp) ◽  
pp. 11620-11622
Author(s):  
C. V. Boys
Keyword(s):  
Radiant Heat

Urine Output during Cardiopulmonary Bypass Predicts Acute Kidney Injury after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Yilmaz ◽  
Rezan Aksoy ◽  
Vildan Kilic Yilmaz ◽  
Canan Balci ◽  
Cagri Duzyol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting ◽  
Coronary Artery Bypass ◽  
Urine Output ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Urinary Output ◽  
Bypass Grafting

Objective: This study evaluated the relationship between the amount of urinary output during cardiopulmonary bypass and acute kidney injury in the postoperative period of coronary artery bypass grafting.Methods: Two hundred patients with normal preoperative serum creatinine levels, operated on with isolated CABG between 2012-2014 were investigated retrospectively. The RIFLE (Risk, injury, failure, loss of function, and end-stage renal disease) risk scores were calculated for each patient in the third postoperative day. Patients were distributed into two groups in relation to the presence of acute kidney injury or not and these two groups were compared.Results: The urinary output (mL/kg/hour) during cardiopulmonary bypass in the acute kidney injury negative group was significantly higher than in the acute kidney injury positive group (P = .022). In case of a urinary output value 3.70 and lower to predict acute kidney injury positivity, sensitivity was detected as 71.43%. Results of the analysis for urinary output predict positivity of acute kidney injury.Conclusion: We suggest that urine output during cardiopulmonary bypass is a significant criteria that could predict acute kidney injury following coronary artery bypass grafting with cardiopulmonary bypass. Attempts to increase the urine output during cardiopulmonary bypass could help to maintain the renal functions during and after surgery.

Kinetics of Water Evaporation from Emulsions

2005 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 425-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Pavlenko ◽  
B. I. Basok
Keyword(s):  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Kinetics Of
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