Streptococcal Pharyngitis Study

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 808-808
Author(s):  
JENNIFER S. READ ◽  
ROBERT H. BEEKMAN
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Bayes Theorem ◽  
Streptococcal Pharyngitis ◽  
Pediatric Setting ◽  
Group A

Redd and co-workers found the sensitivity of their rapid diagnostic test for group A streptococcal pharyngitis to be 62.8% and its specificity to be 96.9%. Furthermore, the positive predictive value of the test was determined to be 91.5%, sufficiently high to significantly influence the care provided to their patients. We strongly disagree with the authors' conclusion that their findings can be extrapolated to the general pediatric setting. Bayes theorem clearly relates a test's positive predictive value to its sensitivity as well as to the prevalence of true disease in the population.

scholarly journals Perbandingan Rapid Diagnostic Test dan Pemeriksaan Mikroskopik pada Diagnosis Malaria

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lambok Siahaan
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Parasite Density ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Blood Film ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Better Than

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk membandingkan penggunaan Rapid diagnostic test dengan pemeriksaan mikroskopik (apusan darah) dalam menegakkan diagnosis malaria. Penelitian uji diagnostik ini dilakukan di Kabupaten Nias Selatan dan Kotamadya Sabang, Sumatera Utara. Apusan darah diwarnai dengan larutan Giemsa 10% dan dibaca oleh pemeriksa yang sudah terlatih. Rapid diagnostic test dilakukan dengan menggunakan parascreen. Uji diagnostik rapid diagnostic test secara umum diperoleh hasil yaitu sensitivitas 63,8%; spesifisitas 100%; Positive Predictive Value (PPV) 100%; dan negative predictive value (NPV)93,5%. Kepadatan parasit pada rapid diagnostic test (+) dan mikroskopik (+) adalah 1.483 ± 583 parasit/μl. Sementara, kepadatan parasit pada pemeriksaan rapid diagnostic test (-) dan mikroskopik (+) adalah 621 ± 335 parasit/μl. Pemeriksaan mikroskopik masih lebih baik dibandingkandengan rapid diagnostic test, terutama pada kepadatan parasit yang rendah. Kata kunci: Malaria, pemeriksaan mikroskopik, rapid diagnostic testAbstractThe study was conducted to compare rapid diagnostic test with microscopy (blood film) to diagnose malaria disease. This diagnostic test was done in South of Nias District and Sabang District, North Sumatera. Blood film were colored with Giemsa 10% solution and examined by trained microscopists. Rapid Diagnostic Test was done based on the manual procedure. The results of diagnostic test of rapid diagnostic test were sensitivity 63,5%; specificity 100%, positive predictive value (PPV) 100%, and negative predictive value (NPV) 93,5%. The density of parasite in rapid diagnostic test (+) were 1.483 + 583 parasite/μl (1.120-2.920 parasite/μl. In other hand, the density of parasite in rapid diagnostic test (-) and microscopy were 621 + 335 parasite/ μl (120-1.160 parasite/μl). Microscopy still better than rapid diagnostic test, especially in patient with low parasite density. Keywords: Malaria, microscopic examination, rapid diagnostic test

scholarly journals β-HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCAL PHARYNGITIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1882-1886
Author(s):  
Waseem Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Yousaf Saleemi ◽  
Muhammad Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Streptococcal Pharyngitis ◽  
Statistical Investigation ◽  
Throat Culture ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group A ◽  
Strep Throat

Background: Strep throat is also known as Streptococcal Pharyngitis. It is an infection in back of the throat including tonsils which reasoned by group A Streptococcus (GAS). General signs like fever, red tonsils, sore throat and grow lymph nodes in the neck. Nausea, headache and vomiting may also happen due to Streptococcal Pharyngitis. Objective: The aim of study is to conclude the correctness in discover Group A β-Hemolytic Streptococci (GABHS) through brisk antigen testing evaluate with throat culture methods which are generally used. Materials and Methods: Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Sir Ganga Ram Hospital Lahore. Period: 1st July 2016 to 31st December 2016. At first throat culture,Streptococcal select agar or sheep blood agar, performed on 192 patients with severe strep throat and after that brisk antigen detection tests, Directigen Group A Strep, was also executed. Statistical investigation contained sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value as well as its prevalence. Results: The prevalence of group A β-hemolytic streptococci is 13.54%. Sensitivity is 96.15%, specificity is 95.18%, positive predictive value is 75.76% along with negative predictive value is 99.37% which shows that a very low percentage of patients with Group A β-Hemolytic Streptococci as <1%. Conclusion: This showed that a very low percentage as <1% of patients with Group A β-Hemolytic Streptococci evade findings by brisk screening test methods.

scholarly journals The sensitivity and specificity of rapid diagnostic test for malaria parasite in comparison to slide microscopy as gold standard

10.17158/522 ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Mark De Real
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Significant Difference

<p>The main objective of this study was to test the sensitivity and specificity of rapid diagnostic test for malaria parasite in comparison to slide microscopy as gold standard. Data were acquired from blood mass survey of malaria infection conducted in the community of Paquibato district, Davao City. There were 377 total participants examined through Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) and slide microscopy. Of the 377 participants tested, 16 (4.24%) of them were positive to Plasmodium falciparum and 68 (18.04%) were positive to Plasmodium vivax using slide microscopy. Of the 16 participants’ positive for P. faciparum, PfRDT (HRP-2) correctly identified 13 expressing 81.25% (low) sensitivity of the tool. Of the 68 participants’ positive for P. vivax, PvRDT (pLDH) correctly identified 65 expressing 95.59% (high) sensitivity. Both of the RDTs (HRP-2 and pLDH), however, attained 100% specificity. PfRDT (HRP-2) has a positive predictive value of 100% and a negative predictive value of 99.2%, likewise PvRDT (pLDH) has a positive predictive value of 100% and a negative predictive value of 99.04%, all in all, suggesting a high degree of reliability of SD BIOLINE Malaria Antigen P.f/P.v. the data showed no significant difference on the performance level of RDT, albeit less sensitive, compared to slide microscopy.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Health, malaria, sensitivity, specificity, HRP-2, pLDH, descriptive Davao City, Philippines.</p><div> </div>

Antibiotic Susceptibility Evaluation of Bacterial Agents Causing Infection in Children with Acute Tonsillopharyngitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Sherkatolabbasieh ◽  
Majid Firouzi ◽  
Shiva Shafizadeh ◽  
Iman Amiri
Keyword(s):  
Sore Throat ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Clinical Score ◽  
Streptococcal Pharyngitis ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clinical Sensitivity ◽  
Group A

Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of group A beta-hemolytic pharyngitis by assessing the outcome of the culture and the resistance and sensitivity of group A beta hemolytic streptococcus to antibiotics. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 170 patients, aged 3-15 years, referred to the clinic with complaints of sore throat. Patients’ history was collected and physical examination was performed and were score based on clinical findings. Patients with other underlying pathologies and those taking antibiotics prior to the study were excluded from our study. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by disk diffusion method against cephalexin, cefazolin, erythromycin and amoxicillin. Results: A total of 170 patients were reported with sore throat. Patients with positive culture results were 60% male and 40% female. Amoxicillin resistance was the greatest (5%) in the culture. All isolated bacteria were sensitive to amoxicillin, cephalexin, cefazolin and erythromycin. Patients with McIssac score ≥ 6 showed clinical sensitivity 75% specificity 61% negative predictive value 94.8% and positive predictive value 20.3% for Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis. Conclusion: The results showed the higher the clinical score, the greater the chance of positive throat culture.

scholarly journals Bayesian updating and sequential testing: overcoming inferential limitations of screening tests

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Balayla
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Bayesian Updating ◽  
Bayes Theorem ◽  
Disease Prevalence ◽  
Positive Test ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Sequential Testing ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Test Probability

Abstract Background Bayes’ theorem confers inherent limitations on the accuracy of screening tests as a function of disease prevalence. Herein, we establish a mathematical model to determine whether sequential testing with a single test overcomes the aforementioned Bayesian limitations and thus improves the reliability of screening tests. Methods We use Bayes’ theorem to derive the positive predictive value equation, and apply the Bayesian updating method to obtain the equation for the positive predictive value (PPV) following repeated testing. We likewise derive the equation which determines the number of iterations of a positive test needed to obtain a desired positive predictive value, represented graphically by the tablecloth function. Results For a given PPV ($$\rho$$ ρ ) approaching k, the number of positive test iterations needed given a prevalence of disease ($$\phi$$ ϕ ) is: $$n_i =\lim _{\rho \rightarrow k}\left\lceil \frac{ln\left[ \frac{\rho (\phi -1)}{\phi (\rho -1)}\right] }{ln\left[ \frac{a}{1-b}\right] }\right\rceil \qquad \qquad (1)$$ n i = lim ρ → k l n ρ ( ϕ - 1 ) ϕ ( ρ - 1 ) l n a 1 - b ( 1 ) where $$n_i$$ n i = number of testing iterations necessary to achieve $$\rho$$ ρ , the desired positive predictive value, ln = the natural logarithm, a = sensitivity, b = specificity, $$\phi$$ ϕ = disease prevalence/pre-test probability and k = constant. Conclusions Based on the aforementioned derivation, we provide reference tables for the number of test iterations needed to obtain a $$\rho (\phi )$$ ρ ( ϕ ) of 50, 75, 95 and 99% as a function of various levels of sensitivity, specificity and disease prevalence/pre-test probability. Clinical validation of these concepts needs to be obtained prior to its widespread application.

scholarly journals Immunocytochemistry Test of Protein BRAF Expression for Diagnosis of Well Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 843-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Wayan Sudarsa ◽  
Elvis Deddy Kurniawan Pualillin ◽  
Putu Anda Tusta Adiputra ◽  
Ida Bagus Tjakra Wibawa Manuaba
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Preoperative Diagnosis ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Inclusion Criteria

Background: Thyroid carcinoma generally has a good prognosis. The main focus of current research on thyroid carcinoma is to increase the accuracy of preoperative diagnosis of thyroid nodules. When the result of fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is indeterminate, clinicians often have doubts in determining the surgical management. Objective: Protein BRAF expression analysis can help improve the accuracy of FNAB and optimize the management of differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Methods: This study is a diagnostic test performed from October 2016 at Sanglah General Hospital with 38 patients as subjects who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Data is being presented in descriptive form before diagnostic test is done to determine sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and the accuracy of immunocytochemistry test for BRAF on indeterminate thyroid nodule. Results: Thirty-eight samples met the inclusion criteria during the study period. Three samples were male (7.9%) and 35 samples (92.1%) were female. The mean age of the sample was 45.21 years (SD ±10.910 years) with ages ranging from 23 to 66 years. Of the 12 samples undergoing isthmolobectomy, 7 samples (58.4%) were determined to be malignant from histopathological results. The sensitivity value of BRAF immunocytochemistry test is 45.45% with a specificity value of 81.25%, a positive predictive value of 76.92%, a negative predictive value of 52% and an accuracy of 60.50%. Analysis of the receiver operator (ROC) curve shows the area under the curve (AUC) of 63.4% with a confidence interval of 45.5–81.2%. Conclusion: Immunocytochemistry BRAF test have a reliable diagnostic value and can be taken into consideration in the preoperative diagnosis of thyroid malignancies.

scholarly journals Utility of the methylated SEPT9 test for the early detection of colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e000355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohit Hariharan ◽  
Mark Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Test Accuracy ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

BackgroundCirculating tumour DNA from colorectal cancer (CRC) is a biomarker for early detection of the disease and therefore potentially useful for screening. One such biomarker is the methylated SEPT9 (mSEPT9) gene, which occurs during CRC tumourigenesis. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to establish the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of mSEPT9 tests for the early diagnosis of CRC.MethodsA systematic search of the relevant literature was conducted using Medline and Embase databases. Data were extracted from the eligible studies and analysed to estimate pooled sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic test accuracy.ResultsBased on 19 studies, the pooled estimates (and 95% CIs) for mSEPT9 to detect CRC were: sensitivity 69% (62–75); specificity 92% (89–95); positive likelihood ratio 9.1 (6.1–13.8); negative likelihood ratio 0.34 (0.27–0.42); diagnostic OR 27 (15–48) and area under the curve 0.89 (0.86–0.91). The test has a positive predictive value of 2.6% and negative predictive value of 99.9% in an average risk population (0.3% CRC prevalence), and 9.5% (positive predictive value) and 99.6% (negative predictive value) in a high-risk population (1.2% CRC prevalence).ConclusionThe mSEPT9 test has high specificity and moderate sensitivity for CRC and is therefore a potential alternative screening method for those declining faecal immunochemical test for occult blood (FIT) or other screening modalities. However, it is limited by its poor diagnostic performance for precancerous lesions (advanced adenomas and polyps) and its relatively high costs, and little is known about its acceptability to those declining to use the FIT.

scholarly journals DIATHERMY INCISIONS V/S SURGICAL SCALPEL INCISIONS

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1550-1524
Author(s):  
Khawar Saeed Jamali ◽  
Naveed Ali Khan ◽  
Muhammad Jawed ◽  
Ubedullah Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
General Surgery ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Surgical Outcome ◽  
Seroma Formation ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare the outcome of diathermyincisions v/s surgical scalpel incisions in general surgery. Study Design: Cross sectional study.Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at surgical unit 7, Sindh Govt. LyariGeneral Hospital and Dow University of Health Sciences between January to December 2009.Methodology: 100 consecutive patients for elective general surgery were randomly assignedto either group A incision with cutting diathermy (n=50) or group B cold steel scalpel (n=50).Data including demographic details, hospital stay, infection rate and non-infective complicationslike swelling, bleeding, dehiscence and seroma formation were recorded in both groups tocompare the final surgical outcome compared. Results: A total of 80 patients were included inthe study, placed alternatively into two groups of 40 patients each with majority being male (n =61, 76.3%). The mean age was 22.46 years. The positive predictive value for patients of Group Awas 92.5% while for Group B was 77.5%. When diagnostic accuracy was compared on the basisof Gender for the two groups, the positive predictive value for male patients of Group A and Bwas 90.09% and 89.28% respectively, but for females the positive predictive value of Group Aand B was 100% and 50% respectively. In Diathermy (Group A) total 20% patients developedcomplications and these were seroma formation (n=4, 8%), wound dehiscence (n=3, 6%) andwound infection (n=3, 6%). In Scalpel (Group B) total 26% patients developed complications(P-value=0.370) in which seromas was noted (n=5, 10%) then wound infection (n=4, 8%), thenwound bleeding (n=3, 6%) and lastly seroma formation (n=1, 2%). Hospital stays were alsoalmost similar with mean value 8.24 days in diathermy group and 10.54 days in scalpel group.No remarkable difference in demographics, characteristics and in other variables of patientswas noted. Conclusion: We conclude that no significant difference in surgical outcome ofboth groups (cutting diathermy Vs. steel scalpel). Therefore, use of either technique to createsurgical wound merely depends upon preference of surgeon.

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