Drugs and Breast Milk

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-148
Author(s):  
JACK NEWMAN
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
American Academy ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics

To the Editor.— The American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Drugs has performed an invaluable service in publishing and updating the "Transfer of Drugs and Other Chemicals into Human Milk."1 This service is one for which we who try to advise breast-feeding women can only be grateful. Although there are some medications about which not everyone would agree, I was shocked to find that nicotine (smoking) was included in Table 2 (Drugs of Abuse That Are Contraindicated During Breast-feeding).

Drugs and Breast Milk

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-148
Author(s):  
JOAN S. DORFMAN
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
American Academy ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
Maternal Medication ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Nonnarcotic Analgesics

To the Editor.— I have just reviewed the the article, "Transfer of Drugs and Other Chemicals Into Human Milk," from the American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Drugs, which appeared in the November issue of Pediatrics.1 I would appreciate further information on a change that has appeared since the previous publication in the September, 1983 issue of Pediatrics.2 Naproxen has been deleted from the current table of maternal medication usually compatible with breast-feeding under the category "narcotics, nonnarcotic analgesics, anti-inflammatory agents."

Wild Animal Milks

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 818-819
Author(s):  
John W. Gerrard
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
American Academy ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Wild Animal ◽  
Common Reason ◽  
Paediatric Society ◽  
On Demand ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
Nutrition Committee

The Nutrition Committee of the Canadian Paediatric Society and the Committee on Nutrition of the American Academy of Pediatrics are to be highly commended for their commentary on breast-feeding. One recommendation made to encourage breast-feeding is to feed on demand. An all-too-common reason put forward by mothers for giving up breast-feeding is that the baby is always hungry, implying that breast milk does not satisfy him. An alternative inference, and often the correct one, is that he likes his milk so much that no sooner has he had one feed than he demands another.

Breast Milk Handling and Misadministration

2019 ◽  
pp. 173-186
Author(s):  
Donna Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
American Academy ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Maternal Illness ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
Expressed Breast Milk ◽  
Exposure Testing

Human milk is the preferred nutritional source for all newborns, including ill infants and premature neonates. The ability of a mother to provide milk for her infant may be hindered by maternal illness or poor milk production, and may be influenced by cultural expectations and personal preferences. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life. Infectious risks to the newborn from a single feeding of the wrong mother’s breast milk are not generally measurable; however, studies of viruses and bacteria potentially transmissible in human milk can be used to inform a rational approach when misadministration occurs. In healthcare settings, administration of breast milk to the incorrect infant is generally treated like a blood and body fluid exposures. This chapter reviews the pathogens that can be transmitted via breast milk and suggests approaches to prevent administration of expressed breast milk to the wrong infant. This chapter also provides guidance on managing a breast milk misadministration incident (disclosure; post-exposure testing of source and recipient).

Simple Method for Determining the Caloric and Fat Content of Human Milk

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 626-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Lemons ◽  
Richard L. Schreiner ◽  
Edwin L. Gresham
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
Expressed Breast Milk ◽  
The World ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
Preterm Babies

The Committee on Nutrition of the American Academy of Pediatrics has recently advocated breast-feeding for the normal, full-term newborn, unless contraindicated for specific reasons (including a desire by the mother not to breast-feed) or when breast-feeding is unsuccessful.1 This recommendation reflects the renewed interest throughout the world in providing human milk to the healthy infant. Further, expressed breast milk (either from the infant's mother or from donors) is being fed with increased frequency to the preterm or sick infant.2,3 The adequacy of human milk to meet the nutritional needs of all preterm babies has not been documented, however, as recently reviewed by Fleischman and Finberg.4

The Use of Whole Cow's Milk in Infancy

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 1105-1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
American Academy ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Solid Foods ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
Iron Deficient

The pediatrician is faced with a difficult challenge in providing recommendations for optimal nutrition in older infants. Because the milk (or formula) portion of the diet represents 35% to 100% of total daily calories and because WCM and breast milk or infant formula differ markedly in composition, the selection of a milk or formula has a great impact on nutrient intake. Infants fed WCM have low intakes of iron, linoleic acid, and vitamin E, and excessive intakes of sodium, potassium, and protein, illustrating the poor nutritional compatibility of solid foods and WCM. These nutrient intakes are not optimal and may result in altered nutritional status, with the most dramatic effect on iron status. Infants fed iron-fortified formula or breast milk for the first 12 months of life generally maintain normal iron status. No studies have concluded that the introduction of WCM into the diet at 6 months of age produces adequate iron status in later infancy; however, recent studies have demonstrated that iron status is significantly impaired when WCM is introduced into the diet of 6-month-old infants. Data from studies abroad of highly iron-deficient infant populations suggest that infants fed partially modified milk formulas with supplemental iron in a highly bioavailable form (ferrous sulfate) may maintain adequate iron status. However, these studies do not address the overall nutritional adequacy of the infant's diet. Such formulas have not been studied in the United States. Optimal nutrition of the infant involves selecting the appropriate milk source and eventually introducing infant solid foods. To achieve this goal, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that infants be fed breast milk for the first 6 to 12 months. The only acceptable alternative to breast milk is iron-fortified infant formula. Appropriate solid foods should be added between the ages of 4 and 6 months. Consumption of breast milk or iron-fortified formula, along with age-appropriate solid foods and juices, during the first 12 months of life allows for more balanced nutrition. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that whole cow's milk and low-iron formulas not be used during the first year of life.

Challenges “Fact” Cited in Committee Report

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 560-560
Author(s):  
EUGENE AINBENDER ◽  
EDWIN G. BROWN ◽  
AVRON Y. SWEET
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
American Academy ◽  
Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Committee Report ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
Immune Globulins

To the Editor: The report of the American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Nutrition that appeared in the February 1976 issue (Pediatrics 57:278, 1976)contains a statement that is not factual and may be misleading. The Committee states, “There is some clinical evidence suggesting that [the immune globulins of colostrum and early breast milk] provide protection from necrotizing enterocolitis.” They base that statement on a publication of Santulli et al.1 who presented no clinical findings

scholarly journals Consumption of breast milk, formula and other non-human milk by children aged under 2 years: analysis of eighty-six low- and middle-income countries

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Paulo AR Neves ◽  
Aluísio JD Barros ◽  
Phillip Baker ◽  
Ellen Piwoz ◽  
Thiago M Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Milk Formula ◽  
Milk Consumption ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Low And Middle Income ◽  
Economic Inequalities

Abstract Objective: To investigate the prevalence and socio-economic inequalities in breast milk, breast milk substitutes (BMS) and other non-human milk consumption, by children under 2 years in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Design: We analysed the prevalence of continued breast-feeding at 1 and 2 years and frequency of formula and other non-human milk consumption by age in months. Indicators were estimated through 24-h dietary recall. Absolute and relative wealth indicators were used to describe within- and between-country socio-economic inequalities. Setting: Nationally representative surveys from 2010 onwards from eighty-six LMIC. Participants: 394 977 children aged under 2 years. Results: Breast-feeding declined sharply as children became older in all LMIC, especially in upper-middle-income countries. BMS consumption peaked at 6 months of age in low/lower-middle-income countries and at around 12 months in upper-middle-income countries. Irrespective of country, BMS consumption was higher in children from wealthier families, and breast-feeding in children from poorer families. Multilevel linear regression analysis showed that BMS consumption was positively associated with absolute income, and breast-feeding negatively associated. Findings for other non-human milk consumption were less straightforward. Unmeasured factors at country level explained a substantial proportion of overall variability in BMS consumption and breast-feeding. Conclusions: Breast-feeding falls sharply as children become older, especially in wealthier families in upper-middle-income countries; this same group also consumes more BMS at any age. Country-level factors play an important role in explaining BMS consumption by all family wealth groups, suggesting that BMS marketing at national level might be partly responsible for the observed differences.

Rules for Breast-feeding

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 818-818
Author(s):  
Howard Isenberg
Keyword(s):  
American Academy ◽  
Failure Rate ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Correct Information ◽  
Nursing Mothers ◽  
Highly Correlated

The Committee on Nutrition of the American Academy of Pediatrics has stated, "Breast-feeding is strongly recommended for full-term infants."1 Although breast-feeding is increasing, especially among higher income groups, the failure rate among nursing mothers remains high.2 Even highly motivated and educated mothers are often forced to stop nursing earlier than they had wished.2 It has been shown that successful nursing is highly correlated with possession of correct information concerning nursing.3 In order to help our nursing mothers, I made the following handout entitled "The Six Essentials of Successful Nursing" based on various articles about breast-feeding.1, 4-6

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