Infant Feeding Redux

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-474
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Cone
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Present Knowledge ◽  
Formula Feeding ◽  
Infant Formulas ◽  
Infant Feeding Practices ◽  
Recent Debate

Just when it appeared that conflicts about the proper way to feed infants had been resolved, the recent debate about the propriety of some commercial firms advertising on television as well as selling milk formulas directly to mothers in supermarkets has reenergized the issue of infant feeding.1 That infant formulas have reached a state where they may even be considered by some to be safe enough for feeding most infants without the advice of health care professionals demonstrates the huge leap forward in the evolution of infant formula feeding. A short historical review will help us to understand how we have reached our present knowledge of infant feeding practices.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of an Educational Manual to Promote Infant Feeding Practices in Primary Health Care

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 544-561
Author(s):  
Gláubia Rocha Barbosa Relvas ◽  
Gabriela Buccini ◽  
Louise Potvin ◽  
Sonia Venancio
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Educational Strategy ◽  
Infant Feeding Practices ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Before And After

Objective: To test the hypothesis that a continuing educational strategy (ie, “the manual”) in primary health-care improves infant feeding practices among infants under 1 year of age. Methods: A before and after study was conducted at primary health-care units in Embu das Artes, Brazil. The intervention was the use of a manual created to support continuing educational activities on breastfeeding and complementary feeding to be performed by tutors of Estratégia Amamenta e Alimenta Brasil with health-care teams, in a period of 8 months. Five hundred sixty-one mothers before and 598 mothers after intervention were interviewed about breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices. Multivariate analysis was performed using Poisson multilevel regression to test the hypothesis. Results: Lack of minimum food diversity (before 62.9%; after 50.3%) and lack of food adequacy (before 77.5%; after 63.3%) decreased significantly. Regression analysis confirmed that infants after the intervention had lower prevalence of inadequacy of complementary feeding. While the intervention did not show significant association with exclusive breastfeeding, it showed association with the improvement of complementary feeding practices. Conclusions: The manual is a continuing educational strategy that improved complementary feeding practices in primary health care.

For Shame: Feminism, Breastfeeding Advocacy, and Maternal Guilt

Hypatia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin N. Taylor ◽  
Lora Ebert Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Formula Feeding ◽  
Infant Feeding Practices ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Cultural Expectations ◽  
New Framework

In this paper, we provide a new framework for understanding infant‐feeding‐related maternal guilt and shame, placing these in the context of feminist theoretical and psychological accounts of the emotions of self‐assessment. Whereas breastfeeding advocacy has been critiqued for its perceived role in inducing maternal guilt, we argue that the emotion women often feel surrounding infant feeding may be better conceptualized as shame in its tendency to involve a negative self‐assessment—a failure to achieve an idealized notion of good motherhood. Further, we suggest, both formula‐feeding and breastfeeding mothers experience shame: the former report feeling that they fail to live up to ideals of womanhood and motherhood, and the latter transgress cultural expectations regarding feminine modesty. The problem, then, is the degree to which mothers are vulnerable to shame generally, regardless of infant feeding practices. As an emotion that is less adaptive and potentially more damaging than guilt, shame ought to be the focus of resistance for both feminists and breastfeeding advocates, who need to work in conjunction with women to oppose this shame by assisting them in constructing their own ideals of good motherhood that incorporate a sense of self‐concern.

scholarly journals FAKTOR – FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PEMBERIAN SUSU FORMULA PADA BAYI YANG DIRAWAT DI RUANG NIFAS RSUP PROF. DR. R. D. KANDOU MANADO

e-CliniC ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hery Susanto ◽  
Rocky Wilar ◽  
Hesti Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Professional Support ◽  
Hindrance Factor ◽  
Formula Milk ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Infant Formula Milk ◽  
Low Education

Abstract: Increased formula feeding was caused by lack of knowledge about the benefits of breastfeeding, low education, aggressive promotion of infant formula, and support from health care professionals. The are several cases where the infants given formula due to several conditions, like mother is unable to produce milk, small amount of milk production, absence of nipple appearance, post-op pain, pain during breastfeeding. The following study aims to determine what factors affecting Giving Infant Formula Milk Treated in Postpartum Room Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado. This study is a descriptive design with direct interview approach. The population in this research were all treated in the maternal postpartum Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado. Conclusion: The results obtained from 50 respondents show that 66% has a good knowledge about the benefits of breastfeeding, 66% says that health care professional support given infant formula, 100% says that their closest relatives support given breastfeeding, 34% is affected the promotion of infant formula, and 34% are women without complaints of breastfeeding hindrance factor. This study recommends that mothers / parents cooperate with health care professionals cooperation in order to increase the success rate of breastfeeding.Keywords: infant formula, breastfeedingAbstrak: Meningkatnya pemberian susu formula disebabkan pengetahuan kurang mengenai manfaat ASI, pendidikan yang rendah, agresifnya promosi susu formula, dukungan petugas kesehatan. Adapun bayi yang diberikan susu formula karena beberapa kondisi ibu yang mengeluh tidak keluarnya ASI, ASI kurang, puting tidak muncul, sakit bekas operasi, nyeri saat menyusui. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Faktor-Faktor Apa yang mempengaruhi Pemberian Susu Formula pada Bayi yang Dirawat di Ruang Nifas RSUP Prof Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan pendekatan wawancara langsung. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu melahirkan dirawat di ruang nifas RSUP Prof Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh dari 50 responden diketahui bahwa 66% pengetahuan baik mengenai manfaat ASI, 66% petugas kesehatan mendukung pemberian susu formula, 100% orang terdekat mendukung pemberian ASI, 34% terpengaruh promosi susu formula, 34% kondisi ibu dengan tanpa keluhan. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan agar ibu/orang tua dengan petugas kesehatan adanya kerjasama dalam keberhasilan pemberian ASI.Kata kunci: susu formula, ASI

scholarly journals Breastfeeding and Opiate Substitution Therapy: Starting to Understand Infant Feeding Choices

2016 ◽  
Vol 10s1 ◽  
pp. SART.S34553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa E. Graves ◽  
Suzanne Turner ◽  
Maya Nader ◽  
Sucheta Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Provider Education ◽  
Substitution Therapy ◽  
Opioid Substitution Therapy ◽  
Opioid Substitution Treatment ◽  
Ovid Medline ◽  
Feeding Choices ◽  
Opioid Substitution

Introduction Despite research demonstrating the safety and benefit of breastfeeding in opioid substitution therapy, few women in treatment breastfeed. Understanding the factors contributing to the choices women on opioid substitution therapy make about infant feeding is important. Objectives The aim of this study was to better understand and support infant feeding choices and breastfeeding experiences in women on opioid substitution therapy. Methods A systematic review was conducted on five databases: (1) Ovid MEDLINE(R) without revisions, (2) Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, (3) EMBASE, (4) CINAHL, and (5) FRANCIS. From 1081 articles, 46 articles were reviewed. Results The literature supports breastfeeding as an appropriate and safe option for women on opioid substitution treatment. Breastfeeding and rooming-in reduce neonatal abstinence. Women face barriers to breastfeeding due to societal stigma and the lack of patient and health-care provider education. Conclusions Efforts are needed to increase the knowledge that women and health-care professionals have about the safety and benefits of breastfeeding.

Association Between Infant Feeding Modes and Gastroesophageal Reflux: A Repeated Measurement Analysis of the Infant Feeding Practices Study II

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Lin Chen ◽  
Nelís Soto-Ramírez ◽  
Hongmei Zhang ◽  
Wilfried Karmaus
Keyword(s):  
Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Repeated Measurement ◽  
Formula Feeding ◽  
Solid Food ◽  
Infant Feeding Practices ◽  
Feeding Mode ◽  
Feeding Modes ◽  
Risk Ratios

Background: Gastroesophageal reflux in neonates is frequently reported by parents, potentially motivating changes in infant feeding mode and/or addition of solid food. Objective: The authors prospectively analyzed associations between repeated measurement of feeding modes and reflux in infancy. Methods: The Infant Feeding Practices Study II, conducted between 2005 and 2007 (2,841 infants), provides data on reflux and feeding modes at nine time points from months 1 to 12. Feeding modes were defined based on direct breastfeeding, feeding of bottled human milk, formula feeding, their combinations, and use of solid food. Repeated measurements were investigated using 1-month delayed models to estimate risk ratios (RRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Risk ratios of different feeding modes were estimated for reflux; addressing a reverse association, RRs for feeding mode were estimated as responses to prior reflux. Results: Compared to direct breastfeeding, combinations with formula feeding showed a statistically significant risk for reflux (bottled human milk plus formula feeding: RR = 2.19, 95% CI [1.11, 4.33]; formula feeding: RR = 1.95, 95% CI [1.39, 2.74]; and mixed breastfeeding plus formula feeding: RR = 1.59, 95% CI [1.40, 2.42]). Addition of solid food was not protective (RR = 1.21, 95% CI [0.86, 1.70]). Analyses of reverse association (reflux → feeding) showed fewer breastfed infants among those with reflux in the prior month. Conclusion: Any combination of infant feeding with formula seems to be a risk for reflux. Although breastfeeding was protective, mothers with a child with reflux were more likely to wean their child.

scholarly journals Content and Quality of Infant Feeding Smartphone Apps: Five-Year Update on a Systematic Search and Evaluation

10.2196/17300 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. e17300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heilok Cheng ◽  
Alison Tutt ◽  
Catherine Llewellyn ◽  
Donna Size ◽  
Jennifer Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Formula Feeding ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Smartphone Apps ◽  
Low Coverage

Background Parents use apps to access information on child health, but there are no standards for providing evidence-based advice, support, and information. Well-developed apps that promote appropriate infant feeding and play can support healthy growth and development. A 2015 systematic assessment of smartphone apps in Australia about infant feeding and play found that most apps had minimal information, with poor readability and app quality. Objective This study aimed to systematically evaluate the information and quality of smartphone apps providing information on breastfeeding, formula feeding, introducing solids, or infant play for consumers. Methods The Google Play store and Apple App Store were searched for free and paid Android and iPhone Operating System (iOS) apps using keywords for infant feeding, breastfeeding, formula feeding, and tummy time. The apps were evaluated between September 2018 and January 2019 for information content based on Australian guidelines, app quality using the 5-point Mobile App Rating Scale, readability, and suitability of health information. Results A total of 2196 unique apps were found and screened. Overall, 47 apps were evaluated, totaling 59 evaluations for apps across both the Android and iOS platforms. In all, 11 apps had affiliations to universities and health services as app developers, writers, or editors. Furthermore, 33 apps were commercially developed. The information contained within the apps was poor: 64% (38/59) of the evaluations found no or low coverage of information found in the Australian guidelines on infant feeding and activity, and 53% (31/59) of the evaluations found incomplete or incorrect information with regard to the depth of information provided. Subjective app assessment by health care practitioners on whether they would use, purchase, or recommend the app ranged from poor to acceptable (median 2.50). Objective assessment of the apps’ engagement, functionality, aesthetics, and information was scored as acceptable (median 3.63). The median readability score for the apps was at the American Grade 8 reading level. The suitability of health information was rated superior or adequate for content, reading demand, layout, and interaction with the readers. Conclusions The quality of smartphone apps on infant feeding and activity was moderate based on the objective measurements of engagement, functionality, aesthetics, and information from a reliable source. The overall quality of information on infant feeding and activity was poor, indicated by low coverage of topics and incomplete or partially complete information. The key areas for improvement involved providing evidence-based information consistent with the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council’s Infant Feeding Guidelines. Apps supported and developed by health care professionals with adequate health service funding can ensure that parents are provided with credible and reliable resources.

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