ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF STP ON KNOWLEDGE OF MOTHERS REGARDING WEANING AND RESPONSIVE FEEDING AMONG INFANTS IN SELECTED VILLAGES OF HIMACHAL PRADESH

Background:Weaning means introducing a wide range of foods gradually until the baby is eating the same food as the rest of the family. Until six months, the baby needs only breast milk or infant formula milk. Around six months of age, the baby needs initially semisolid foods and later on gradually solid foods are introduced in addition to breast or formula milk. Responsive feeding is a component of active feeding that provides complementary foods in an active manner. Active feeding is when the parent or caregiver engages in positive behaviour with the child, while encouraging and bearing in mind the interests of the child during mealtimes. Aim:The aim of this study conducted was to increase the knowledge of mothersregarding weaning and responsive feeding for infants. Methodology: A quantitative approach withpreexperimental, one group pretest post test design was used. Sample And Sampling Technique:This study include 40 samples of mothers. Sample was selected using purposive sampling technique. Setting:The research setting was selected community area of Solan, H.P. i.e. Noun, Dhar ki baid, Sihardimusalmana, Sukhhijhodi. Tools:The Socio Demographic Performa and structured knowledge questionnaires was used to collect the data. After assessing the preexisting knowledge of the sample, (STP) on weaning and responsive feeding was administered to the selected mothers at community area Solan. At the end post test was conducted. Result:In analysis both descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used. The pre-test mean score was 13.03. The post test mean score was26.08. The difference in mean % was 32.63. The result of post test depicted that, (87.5%) mothers had very good knowledge, and (12.5%) had excellent knowledge and none of the mother had average and poor knowledge. The conclusion of the study revealed that there was significant improvement in the knowledge on the weaning and responsive feeding.

Effect of Food Endotoxin on Infant Health

Endotoxin is a complex molecule derived from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, and it has strong thermal stability. The processing of infant food can kill pathogenic bacteria but cannot remove endotoxin. Because the intestinal structure of infants is not fully developed, residual endotoxin poses a threat to their health by damaging the intestinal flora and inducing intestinal inflammation, obesity, and sepsis, among others. This paper discusses the sources and contents of endotoxin in infant food and methods for preventing endotoxin from harming infants. However, there is no clear evidence that endotoxin levels in infant food cause significant immune symptoms or even diseases in infants. However, in order to improve the safety level of infant food and reduce the endotoxin content, this issue should not be ignored. The purpose of this review is to provide a theoretical basis for manufacturers and consumers to understand the possible harm of endotoxin content in infant formula milk powder and to explore how to reduce its level in infant formula milk powder. Generally, producers should focus on cleaning the milk source, securing the cold chain, avoiding long-distance transportation, and shortening the storage time of raw milk to reduce the level of bacteria and endotoxin. After production and processing, the endotoxin content should be measured as an important index to test the quality of infant formula milk powder so as to provide high-quality infant products for the healthy growth of newborns.

Atopic Dermatitis: a Case Report of a 3-year-old Food Allergy Child Sensitive to Multiple Allergens

Background: It was estimated that about 10% of the population suffer from food allergy. Atopic dermatitis is often associated with food allergy. In this case report, we presented a child with atopic dermatitis who was sensitive to multiple food and inhaled allergens.Case report: A 3-year-old boy was admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University due to skin allergy caused by drinking semi-hydrolyzed infant formula milk powder. Allergen test results showed that the boy was sensitive to multiple food and inhaled allergens. we conducted the follow-up interview by phone to completed the questionnaire.Conclusion: Atopic dermatitis children with multiple food allergies must pay attention to diet adjustment to prevent or delay the development of the disease.

Producing high Fischer ratio peptides from milk protein and its application in infant formula milk powder

Milk protein is beneficial for the health of infants and is mainly derived from bovine, sheep, goat or camel milk. High Fischer ratio peptides usually comprise two to nine amino acid residues. The ratio is computed as a molar ratio between branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) over aromatic amino acids (AAAs) with various claimed health-promoting functions. In this Lilliput review, the classification and nutritional functions of milk proteins are discussed, the physiological functions and preparation methods of high Fischer ratio peptides are introduced, and the application of oligopeptide with unique amino acid composition and physiological functions in infant formula milk powder are reviewed. The development status of relevant industry is also summarized with future prospects. It is concluded that application of high Fischer ratio peptides prepared from milk protein in infant formula food is of great significance and requires further studies.