The Effect of Socio-Economic & Demographic Determinants on Children's Solid Food-Intake in India: A Study Based on NFHS-4

As nutrition is very critical and its access helps in the improvement of health and creates overall development, it is very vital for the children at their initial stages. In these period of rapid growth, India is still witnessing a huge discrimination regarding the children's solid food intake.<div>This paper seeks to find out the extent of these supplemental food inequality among children aged 6 to 59 months of age using the National Family Health Survey, round 4 data.</div><div>The results are very much evident to show the inequality among female children, along with discontinued breastfeeding. </div>

The Effect of Socio-Economic & Demographic Determinants on Children's Solid Food-Intake in India: A Study Based on NFHS-4

As nutrition is very critical and its access helps in the improvement of health and creates overall development, it is very vital for the children at their initial stages. In these period of rapid growth, India is still witnessing a huge discrimination regarding the children's solid food intake.<div>This paper seeks to find out the extent of these supplemental food inequality among children aged 6 to 59 months of age using the National Family Health Survey, round 4 data.</div><div>The results are very much evident to show the inequality among female children, along with discontinued breastfeeding. </div>

Inbreeding Coefficient and Distance in MHC Genes of Parents as Predictors of Reproductive Success in Domestic Cat

Inbreeding and low diversity in MHC genes are considered to have a negative effect on reproductive success in animals. This study presents an analysis of the number and body mass of offspring in domestic cat, depending on the inbreeding coefficient and the degree of similarity in MHC genes of class I and II in parents. Inbred partners had a lower number of live kittens at birth than outbred ones. At the same time, the inbreeding coefficient did not affect the litter size and the number of offspring who survived until the period of transition to solid food. The most significant predictor for the number of surviving offspring was the degree of parental similarity in MHC genes: the parents with the maximum distance in MHC genes had more survived kittens. Moreover, this effect was most pronounced immediately after birth. A significant percentage of kittens from parents with a minimum distance in MHC genes were either stillborn or died on the first day after birth. By the age of transition to solid food, this effect is no longer so pronounced. Furthermore, neither the inbreeding coefficient nor the distance in MHC genes of parents had any effect on the body mass of kittens.

Developmental Stage, Solid Food Introduction and Suckling Cessation Differentially Influence the Co-maturation of the Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Epithelium in Rabbits

Background In mammals, the establishment around weaning of a symbiotic relationship between the gut microbiota and its host determines long-term health. Objective The aim of this study was to identify the factors driving the co-maturation of the gut microbiota and intestinal epithelium at the suckling-to-weaning transition. We hypothesized that developmental stage, solid food ingestion and suckling cessation contribute to this process. Methods From birth to day 18, Hyplus rabbits were exclusively suckling. From day 18 to day 25, rabbits were i) exclusively suckling or ii) suckling and ingesting solid food or iii) exclusively ingesting solid food. The microbiota (16S amplicon sequencing), metabolome (nuclear magnetic resonance) and epithelial gene expression (high-throughput qPCR) were analyzed in the caecum at day 18 and 25. Results The microbiota structure and metabolic activity were modified with age when rabbits remained exclusively suckling. The epithelial gene expression of nutrient transporters, proliferation markers and innate immune factors were also regulated with age (e.g., 1.5-fold decrease of TLR5). Solid food ingestion by suckling rabbits had a major effect on the gut microbiota by increasing its α-diversity, remodeling its structure (e.g., 6.3-fold increase of Ruminococcaceae) and metabolic activity (e.g., 4.6-fold increase of butyrate). Solid food introduction also regulated the gene expression of nutrient transporters, differentiation markers and innate immune factors in the epithelium (e.g., 3-fold increase of NOS2). Suckling cessation had no effect on the microbiota while it regulated the expression of genes involved in epithelial differentiation and immunoglobulin transport (e.g., 2.5-increase of PIGR). Conclusion In rabbits, the maturation of the microbiota at the suckling-to-weaning transition is driven by the introduction of solid food and to a lesser extent by developmental stage. In contrast, the maturation of the intestinal epithelium at the suckling-to-weaning transition is under the influence of developmental stage, solid food introduction and suckling cessation.

Intraoperative Methadone Reduces Postoperative Opioid Requirements in Nuss Procedure for Pectus Excavatum

Introduction Surgical correction of pectus excavatum by Nuss procedure, commonly referred to as minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum (MIRPE), often results in significant postoperative pain. This study investigated whether adding intraoperative methadone would reduce the postoperative opioid requirement during admission for patients undergoing MIRPE. Methods A retrospective cohort chart review was conducted for 40 MIRPE patients between 2018 and 2020. Patients were stratified into 2 groups: those who received multimodal anesthesia (MM, n = 20) and those who received multimodal anesthesia with the addition of intraoperative methadone (MM + M, n = 20). Data collected included total opioid consumption during hospital stay (morphine milligram equivalents [MMEs]), hospital length of stay (LOS), pain scores, time to ambulation, and time to tolerating solid food. Results Addition of intraoperative methadone for patients undergoing MIRPE significantly reduced postoperative opioid requirements (MME/kg) during admission ( P = .007). On average, patients in the MM group received 1.61 ± .55 MME/kg while patients in the MM + M group received 1.16 ± .44 MME/kg. Hospital opioid (non-methadone) total was also significantly reduced between the MM (1.87 ± .54) and MM + M group (1.37 ± .46), P = .003. There was no significant difference in hospital opioid total MME/kg administered between the groups. There were no significant differences observed in hospital LOS, pain scores, time to ambulation, or time to toleration of solid food. Discussion Incorporating intraoperative methadone for patients undergoing MIRPE reduced postoperative opioid requirements and hospital opioid (non-methadone) totals without a significant change in pain scores. Patients undergoing the Nuss procedure may benefit from the administration of intraoperative methadone.

Importance of Trividh Kukshiya Matravat Aahara in Relation to Digestion of the Food

According to Ayurveda food is one of the significant factors for health as well as source for diseases i.e., wholesome food is responsible for pleasure and unwholesome food is responsible for unhappiness. Alongside the quality of food, the quantity of food is also a lot of significant that how it is taken, on the grounds that food taken in ill-advised manner can prompt various diseases. Digestion of food is considered as one of the most important physiologic processes in our body to be of prime significance in conserving health. A nutritious eating regimen won't have the most extreme effect in promoting health unless the digestive capacity is optimal. Balanced Agni (digestive fire) is basic for appropriate digestion of food, for this reason the idea of Matravat ahara ought to be considered as portrayed in Trividhkukshiya viman adhyay. For proper digestion of food, it should be consumed in appropriate quantity as described in Trividh kukshiya adhyaya, where it is specifying that, stomach capacity is divided into 3 parts: One part of it is filled up with solid food, the second part with liquids and the third part is left for Vata, Pitta and Kapha. Thus, the good quality food taken in appropriate amount will nourish the tissue elements of the body along with mind and senses only when it is properly digested. This article aimed to signify importance of Trividh kukshiya matravata aahara for proper digestion.