AT THE first meeting of the American Academy of Pediatrics in 1931, a committee was established to explore the possibility of Board certification. After consultation with representatives of the national societies then in existence, the American Board of Pediatrics was incorporated in 1933. The purpose was to certify a man as a specialist in the practice of pediatrics and an early decision was that the qualifications should be set up by the men practicing in the field. It is of interest that other suggestions such as separate state qualifying boards, certification by the National Board of Medical Examiners, or certification by a board run by the medical schools were all rejected. The decision was made that the Board be formed by appointment of three men by each of the prominent pediatric groups of the time, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the Section on Pediatrics of the American Medical Association, and the American Pediatric Society. Once appointed, the Board members would not be responsible to the appointing societies. After discussion by the three societies, the Board was formed. Dr. Borden Veeder, to whom I am indebted for some of this background, was the first president, Dr. Henry Helmholz, vice president, and Dr. C. Anderson Aldrich, secretary. Because of the need for more help in the actual examinations, the Board appointed additional interested pediatricians as official examiners. In general, succeeding appointments to the Board were made from this latter group. In 1960, the charter and by-laws were modified to spell out the method of appointment so that at present the term of appointment is six years. After the lapse of one year a man may be appointed for one more term.