Cataracts in Infancy
A cataract is a loss of transparency of any size or degree in that unique organ of vision, the crystalline lens of the eye. To the layman a cataract often connotes a visually significant opacity that impairs vision and requires surgery. ANATOMY OF THE LENS The lens is a biconcave transparent organ that can alter its shape to meet different optical needs. It lies immediately posterior to the iris and just anterior to the vitreous humor. A portion of the lens is visible through the pupil. The lens is held or suspended in place by the zonules or suspensory ligaments, which arise from the reqion of the ciliary processes and attach to the equator of the lens. EMBRYOLOGY OF THE LENS The lens is unique in many ways. At about the 4-mm stage in the embroy. the surface ectoderm over the advancing optic vesicle begins to thicken, and then invaginates to form the lens pit, which later separates from the surface ectoderm to form a spherical cavity, the lens vesicle. Those cells originally on the surface of the ectoderm now line the lens vesicle surrounded by the basement membrane of these cells, the future lens capsule. By the seventh week of life, those cells on the posterior part of the vesicle have elongated and proliferated to obliterate the cavity of the lens vesicle to form the embryonic nucleus, which remains unchanged throughout life (Fig 1).