scholarly journals Peculiarities of growth and lipoxygenase activity of wild fern Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-164
Author(s):  
L. M. Babenko ◽  
I. V. Kosakivska ◽  
L. V. Voytenko
Keyword(s):  
Lipoxygenase Activity ◽  
First Order ◽  
Overground Part ◽  
Spore Release ◽  
Phases Of Development ◽  
Order Increase ◽  
Developmental Phases ◽  
Number Of Segments ◽  
Frond Length ◽  
Intensive Growth

<p>We studied the peculiarities of growth, localization and dynamics of lipoxygenase activity in sporophyte organs of wild fern <em>Dryopteris filix-mas </em>(L.) Schott at various stages: intensive growth; sori ripening; spore release; summer vegetation, and vegetation termination. Morphometric analysis showed that the weight of one plant during sporophyte ontogenesis varied from 130 to 150 g. Frond length varied from 11 to 85 cm. Diameter of the overground part of rhizome was 9-10 cm. In the stage of spore release and during the summer vegetation we mentioned 7 fronds on plant, and in the phase of vegetation termination – 18. The plants had the biggest weight in phase of spore release. Following spore release and at the beginning of vegetation termination, the frond weight diminished almost by two times. An intensive elongation of fronds was observed prior to the start of spore release. When fronds unfold and grow the number of segments of the first order increase from 39 to 47 pairs. Frond length in the stage of summer vegetation increased from 4.3 to 11.2 cm (9 pairs), and then it gradually decreased from 10.2 to 0.1 cm (39 pairs) that resulted in the formation of a lanceolate lamina. In the stage of vegetation termination, the fern had 18 fronds, 12 of which remained green, while the rest dried and turned greyish-brown. The frond lamina contained 47 pairs of segments of the first order whose length increased from 4.5 to 10.5 cm, and then it diminished from 9.5 to 0.05 cm. The rhizome weight was in the range of 110.2–115.7 g in all the stages except vegetation termination. The morphological analysis showed that plants had successfully passed all developmental phases, reached their normal dimensions, had a mass spore formation, no external signs of suppression and damages, and this was generally consistent with the highest level of life state assessment. Localization and dynamics of lipoxygenase (LOX) activity in organs of the sporophyte of <em>D. filix-mas </em>have been studied. We registered that fronds contained 13-LOX with рН<sub>opt. </sub>values of 7.2, rhizomes – 9-LOX (рН<sub>opt. </sub>6.5). Peculiarities that were mentioned in localization and dynamics of LOX isoforms catalytic activity in the fern organs at various phases of development suggest that the enzyme might be involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism of growth processes that ensure plant adaptation to the environment. </p><p> </p>

scholarly journals A rapidly evolved shift in life history timing during ecological speciation is driven by the transition between developmental phases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas H. Q. Powell ◽  
Andrew Nguyen ◽  
Qinwen Xia ◽  
Jeffrey L. Feder ◽  
Gregory J. Ragland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Maintenance Phase ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Data Accessibility ◽  
Seasonal Timing ◽  
Pupal Diapause ◽  
Phases Of Development ◽  
Diapause Development ◽  
Developmental Phases

AbstractFor insect species in temperate environments, seasonal timing is often governed by the regulation of diapause, a complex developmental program that allows insects to weather unfavorable conditions and synchronize their lifecycles with available resources. Diapause consists of a series of phases that govern initiation, maintenance, and termination of this developmental pathway. The evolution of insect seasonal timing depends in part on how these phases of diapause development and post-diapause development interact to affect variation in phenology. Here, we dissect the physiological basis of a recently evolved phenological shift in Rhagoletis pomonella (Diptera: Tephritidae), a model system for ecological divergence. A recently derived population of R. pomonella shifted from specializing on native hawthorn fruit to earlier fruiting introduced apples, resulting in a 3-4 week shift in adult emergence timing. We tracked metabolic rates of individual flies across post-winter development to test which phases of development may act either independently or in combination to contribute to this recently evolved divergence in timing. Apple and hawthorn flies differed in a number of facets of their post-winter developmental trajectories. However, divergent adaptation in adult emergence phenology in these flies was due almost entirely to the end of the pupal diapause maintenance phase, with post-diapause development having a very small effect. The relatively simple underpinnings of variation in adult emergence phenology suggest that further adaptation to seasonal change in these flies for this trait might be largely due to the timing of diapause termination unhindered by strong covariance among different components of post-diapause development.Data accessibilityAll data (in the form of tables of all metabolic rate measurements for all individual flies in the study) will be available on DRYAD when the manuscript is published.

scholarly journals Developmental stage-specific distribution of macrophages in mouse mammary gland

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teneale A. Stewart ◽  
Katherine Hughes ◽  
David A. Hume ◽  
Felicity M. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Mouse Mammary Gland ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Specific Distribution ◽  
Reproductive Life ◽  
Phases Of Development ◽  
Heterogeneous Tissue ◽  
Developmental Phases

AbstractMammary gland development begins in the embryo and continues throughout the reproductive life of female mammals. Tissue macrophages (Mϕs), dependent on signals from the Mϕ colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R), have been shown to regulate the generation, regression and regeneration of this organ, which is central for mammalian offspring survival. However, the distribution of Mϕs in the pre- and post-natal mammary gland, as it undergoes distinct phases of development and regression, is unknown or has been inferred from immunostaining of thin tissue sections. Here, we used optical tissue clearing and 3-dimensional imaging of mammary tissue obtained from Csf1r-EGFP mice. Whilst tissue Mϕs were observed at all developmental phases, their abundance, morphology, localization and association with luminal and basal epithelial cells exhibited stage-specific differences. Furthermore, sexual dimorphism was observed at E14.5, when the male mammary bud is severed from the overlying epidermis. These findings provide new insights into the localization and possible functions of heterogeneous tissue Mϕ populations in mammogenesis.

scholarly journals CARACTERIZAÇÃO MORFOMÉTRICA DA MICROBACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO CÓRREGO DA FAZENDA GLÓRIA, MUNICÍPIO DE TAQUARITINGA, SP.

Irriga ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia Mazzer Rodrigues ◽  
Teresa Cristina Tarlé Pissara ◽  
Sérgio Campos
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Fourth Order ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Morphometric Characteristics ◽  
Third Order ◽  
First Order ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Number Of Segments ◽  
Morphometric Characterization

Caracterização morfométrica da microbacia hidrográfica do córrego da Fazenda Glória, Município de Taquaritinga, SP.  Flavia Mazzer Rodrigues1; Teresa Cristina Tarlé Pissarra1; Sérgio Campos2 1Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas e Veterinária, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP, [email protected] de Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP   1 RESUMO  Com a análise das características morfométricas, procura-se entender a relação solo-superfície, em decorrência dos processos erosivos sobre estruturas e litologias variadas. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se caracterizar, no período de 1983 e 2000, as características morfométricas na Microbacia Hidrográfica do Córrego da Fazenda Glória, de 4a ordem de magnitude, Município de Taquaritinga - SP. Esta microbacia hidrográfica foi dividida em 7 microbacias hidrográficas de 2a ordem e 2 microbacias hidrográficas de 3a ordem. As características morfométricas demonstraram que ocorreu uma redução do número de segmentos de rios de 1.a ordem e comprimento da rede de drenagem ao longo do período analisado, estando relacionadas às diversas influências que a evolução do modelado sofreu, tendo em vista o uso e ocupação do solo, indicando comportamento hidrológico desigual. Os resultados permitiram inferir que o comprimento do segmento de rio de 4a ordem se manteve constante ao longo do período analisado. UNITERMOS: sensoriamento remoto, análise morfométrica, microbacias hidrográficas.  RODRIGUES, F. M.; PISSARRA, T. C. T.; CAMPOS, S. Morphometric characterization of Glória FARM Watershed, Taquaritinga, state of São Paulo, brazil.  2 ABSTRACT The analysis of morphometric characteristics is used to understand the relationship between soil and surface as a result of erosive processes on different structures and lithologies. The objective of this study was to study the morphometric characteristics of Fazenda Gloria watershed from 1983 to2000, afourth-order watershed in  TaquaritingaMunicipality,São PauloState. The study was based on photointerpretation techniques. Drainage net and the respective watersheds were selected and the morphometric variables were determined. The watersheds consisted of 7 second-order watersheds and 2 third-order watersheds. The morphometric characteristics showed a reduction in the number of segments of first-order rivers and in the length of the drainage net during the study period. These findings could be related to several influences on land development considering the occupation and use of land. A different hydrological behavior could also be observed. The analysis of Fazenda Glória Watershed showed that the length of the segment of fourth order river remained constant during the study period. KEY WORDS: remote sensing, morphometric analysis, watershed.

Pipeline Leak Detection Using a Moderate Gain Nonlinear Observer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sérgio B. Cunha ◽  
Renan M. Baptista
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equations ◽  
Disturbance Observer ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Leak Detection ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Nonlinear Observer ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
First Order ◽  
Number Of Segments

Abstract Most pipeline control systems use some sort of autonomous leak detection system as a safety feature. Among the pipeline leak detection techniques, state observers stand out as the most sophisticated and promising technique. But its use has been inhibited as the dynamic models employed so far are large and estimating the states of nonlinear systems is not trivial. Pipeline pressure and flow dynamics have been modelled in the literature by means of different numerical solutions to a pair of first order partial differential equations that express mass and linear momentum conservation. The numerical solution requires discretizing the pipeline length in a finite number of segments, resulting in a system of equations with size of twice the number of segments. Although there is nothing wrong with this approach, a smaller system is more convenient if one is concerned exclusively with pressure and flow at the pipeline entrance and exit sections. In this paper, energetic modelling principles are employed to obtain a pair of first order ordinary differential equations representing the dynamics of long liquid pipelines. A recently introduced nonlinear observer enables straightforward use of linear, constant-gain observers with Lipschitz nonlinear dynamics. This observer gives the designer freedom to choose the observer eigenvalues and enables mathematically proven asymptotic stability with low gains. In this paper this observer, using a second-order model to represent the pipeline dynamics, is used as a pipeline leak detection algorithm. Initially the observer was employed directly as a leak detection algorithm, the leak being indicated by a non-transient difference between the measured and the estimated flows. Afterwards the leak was modeled as a disturbance flow and a disturbance observer was designed. Both algorithms were verified by means of computer simulations. It was found that the two methodologies are capable of detecting and estimating very small leaks, but the disturbance observer seems capable of indicating small holes further way from the measuring points.

scholarly journals Activities of antioxidative enzymes during Chenopodium rubrum L. Ontogenesis in vitro

2008 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Mitrovic ◽  
Jelena Bogdanovic
Keyword(s):  
Seed Development ◽  
Antioxidative Enzymes ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Seed Maturation ◽  
Chenopodium Rubrum ◽  
Flowering Induction ◽  
Phases Of Development ◽  
Developmental Phases ◽  
Inductive Photoperiod

For the short-day plant Chenopodium rubrum, a 14 h/10 h photoperiod is inductive for flowering, while continuous light (CL) is noninductive. Plants of one group were grown continuously under an inductive photoperiod, while in the other group flowering induction was delayed by 17 days of CL in order to separate on the time scale different developmental phases in plants of the same age. Regardless of the photoperiodic conditions the plants were exposed to, seed maturation occurred in 10 weeks. Activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD) were determined in different phases of development (vegetative growth, flowering, seed development, and maturation). The activities of antioxidative enzymes depended on both the phase of development and the photoperiod. In plants grown continuously under an inductive photoperiod, high CAT and POD activities were detected at the time of flowering and decreased during seed development and maturation. In plants in which flowering induction was delayed by 17 days of CL, the activities of POD and SOD were lowest in the vegetative phase of development and attained maximum values in the phase of seed maturation. In both groups of plants, the highest CAT activity was measured at the time of flowering.

Dual systems for all: Higher-order, role-based relational reasoning as a uniquely derived feature of human cognition

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Povinelli ◽  
Gabrielle C. Glorioso ◽  
Shannon L. Kuznar ◽  
Mateja Pavlic
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Reasoning ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Important Case ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Relational Reasoning ◽  
Dual Systems ◽  
First Order ◽  
Reasoning System ◽  
Role Based

Abstract Hoerl and McCormack demonstrate that although animals possess a sophisticated temporal updating system, there is no evidence that they also possess a temporal reasoning system. This important case study is directly related to the broader claim that although animals are manifestly capable of first-order (perceptually-based) relational reasoning, they lack the capacity for higher-order, role-based relational reasoning. We argue this distinction applies to all domains of cognition.

Stochasting modeling of planetary ring systems

1984 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 461-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Entropy ◽  
Ring System ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Ultimate State ◽  
Interparticle Interactions ◽  
Ring Systems ◽  
First Order ◽  
Planetary Ring ◽  
Insight Into

ABSTRACTThis paper models maximum entropy configurations of idealized gravitational ring systems. Such configurations are of interest because systems generally evolve toward an ultimate state of maximum randomness. For simplicity, attention is confined to ultimate states for which interparticle interactions are no longer of first order importance. The planets, in their orbits about the sun, are one example of such a ring system. The extent to which the present approximation yields insight into ring systems such as Saturn's is explored briefly.

Morphological studies of linear (AB)n multiblock copolymers and their blends

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 384-385
Author(s):  
Richard J. Spontak ◽  
Steven D. Smith ◽  
Arman Ashraf
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Microphase Separation ◽  
Multiblock Copolymers ◽  
First Order ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
First Order Phase Transition ◽  
Covalently Bonded ◽  
Total Molecular Weight ◽  
First Order Phase

Block copolymers are composed of sequences of dissimilar chemical moieties covalently bonded together. If the block lengths of each component are sufficiently long and the blocks are thermodynamically incompatible, these materials are capable of undergoing microphase separation, a weak first-order phase transition which results in the formation of an ordered microstructural network. Most efforts designed to elucidate the phase and configurational behavior in these copolymers have focused on the simple AB and ABA designs. Few studies have thus far targeted the perfectly-alternating multiblock (AB)n architecture. In this work, two series of neat (AB)n copolymers have been synthesized from styrene and isoprene monomers at a composition of 50 wt% polystyrene (PS). In Set I, the total molecular weight is held constant while the number of AB block pairs (n) is increased from one to four (which results in shorter blocks). Set II consists of materials in which the block lengths are held constant and n is varied again from one to four (which results in longer chains). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has been employed here to investigate the morphologies and phase behavior of these materials and their blends.

Exact First Order Finite Element Modeling for Eddy Current NDE

1991 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. D. Philipp ◽  
Q. H. Nguyen ◽  
D. D. Derkacht ◽  
D. J. Lynch ◽  
A. Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Element Modeling ◽  
Eddy Current ◽  
Element Modeling ◽  
First Order ◽  
Eddy Current Nde

Challenging the Multidimensional Conception of Perceived Person-Environment Fit

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Julian M. Etzel ◽  
Gabriel Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
University Students ◽  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Substantial Proportion ◽  
Unique Variance ◽  
First Order ◽  
Person Environment Fit ◽  
Order Factor

Abstract. In the current study, we examined the viability of a multidimensional conception of perceived person-environment (P-E) fit in higher education. We introduce an optimized 12-item measure that distinguishes between four content dimensions of perceived P-E fit: interest-contents (I-C) fit, needs-supplies (N-S) fit, demands-abilities (D-A) fit, and values-culture (V-C) fit. The central aim of our study was to examine whether the relationships between different P-E fit dimensions and educational outcomes can be accounted for by a higher-order factor that captures the shared features of the four fit dimensions. Relying on a large sample of university students in Germany, we found that students distinguish between the proposed fit dimensions. The respective first-order factors shared a substantial proportion of variance and conformed to a higher-order factor model. Using a newly developed factor extension procedure, we found that the relationships between the first-order factors and most outcomes were not fully accounted for by the higher-order factor. Rather, with the exception of V-C fit, all specific P-E fit factors that represent the first-order factors’ unique variance showed reliable and theoretically plausible relationships with different outcomes. These findings support the viability of a multidimensional conceptualization of P-E fit and the validity of our adapted instrument.

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