scholarly journals Мікроскопічна будова та морфометричні показники грудної і поперекової частин спинного мозку свійського собаки

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (78) ◽  
pp. 167-171
Author(s):  
L.P. Horalskyi ◽  
I.M. Sokulskyi ◽  
N.L. Kolesnik ◽  
N.V. Demus
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Transverse Section ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Lumbar Spinal Cord ◽  
Thoracic Region ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Thoracic Part ◽  
Lumbar Spinal

The article describes the features of the macroscopic and microscopic structure of the spinal cord of the chest and lumbar parts of a mature dog for the use of morphological, neurohistological, morphometric and statistical methods of research. According to the results of histomorphology, the area and shape of the transverse section of the spinal cord is determined, the latter in the thoracic region has a round shape, in the lumbar – oval. Gray substance of the spinal cord in the form of a butterfly on a transverse section is formed by ventral, dorsal and lateral horns, in which are centers of the sympathetic nervous system. According to our research, in the gray matter of the spinal cord of a domestic dog, the core of the dorsal horn, the Clark core, the lateral and medial intermediate nuclei, the lateral and medial ventral nuclei are clearly differentiated.According to histometry of the spinal cord of the mature dog, conducted by us, the largest cross-sectional area is characteristic of the lumbar spinal cord (23.32 ± 0.44 mm²), is slightly lower in the breast (21.31 ± 0.34 mm2). In this case, the ratio of gray cerebrospinal fluid to white in the lumbar part is 1: 3.32, which is 2 times less in comparison with the such indicator of the thoratic part.The cytopupulation of the nerve cells is represented by large, medium and small neurocytes, which, in its turn, depend on their placement in certain areas of the gray matter of the spinal cord: the most small neurons are found in the lumbar part of the cord (22.58%), the least are in the thoracic (19.88%), medium neurons are the highest in the thoracic part (44.11%), the least are in the lumbar (24.37%), the largest cells are in the lumbar part (44.11%), the least are in the thoracic (36.01%).Our cytomorphometric studies indicate that the nerve cells of the gray matter of the spinal cord of mature dogs have a different volume of pericarions and their nuclei and, accordingly, a different nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio (NCR), which is an indicator of the functional activity of nerve cells. The largest average volume of pericarios of nerve cells is found in the lumbar part (17723.26 ± 816.72 mcm³), the smallest are in the chest (12913.53 ± 915.41 mcm³). The largest nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio was found in the thoracic part of the cord (0.120 ± 0.005), less are in the lumbar (0.110 ± 0.004). 

Effects of Glycine Administration on Canine Experimental Spinal Spasticity and the Levels of Glycine, Glutamate, and Aspartate in the Lumbar Spinal Cord

Neurosurgery ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Smith ◽  
P. V. Hall ◽  
M. R. Galvin ◽  
A. R. Jones ◽  
R. L. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Spinal Cord Transection ◽  
Lumbar Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Gray Matter ◽  
Central Gray ◽  
Lumbar Spinal

Abstract Twelve female mongrel dogs were made paraplegic by midthoracic spinal cord transection. Beginning at 9 weeks posttransection, either glycine (50 mg/kg) or saline was injected intramuscularly each day and the signs of spinal spasticity were assessed clinically. After treating the dogs for 3 weeks, we removed the lumbar enlargement of each dog and microdissected it into gray and white areas which we assayed for glycine, glutamate, and aspartate content. Some of the clinical signs of spasticity improved in the animals injected with glycine compared to the saline-injected controls. The content of glycine was significantly elevated in the central gray matter and ventral medial white matter of the glycinetreated dogs. The levels of glutamate were also significantly elevated in the central, lateral ventral, and medial ventral gray matter and in the dorsal lateral and ventral medial white matter of the glycine-treated dogs. The possible role of these segmental putative neurotransmitters in spinal spasticity is discussed.

Nerve cells culture from lumbar spinal cord on surfaces modified by plasma pyrrole polymerization

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 729-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Zuñiga-Aguilar ◽  
R. Olayo ◽  
O. Ramírez-Fernández ◽  
J. Morales ◽  
R. Godínez
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Lumbar Spinal Cord ◽  
Lumbar Spinal

The terminations of single, physiologically identified, somatosensory, corticospinal tract axons in the lumbar spinal cord of the cat

1991 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 1738-1749 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Casale ◽  
A. R. Light
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Corticospinal Tract ◽  
Lumbar Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Segment ◽  
Apparent Correlation ◽  
Dorsolateral Funiculus ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lumbar Spinal ◽  
Area 3B

1. Two hundred and twelve corticospinal axons were identified by stimulation in the hindlimb representation in area 3b of the somatosensory cortex and were recorded in the left dorsolateral funiculus of the spinal cord of the cat. The mean conduction velocity was 38 m/s, range 9-113 m/s. 2. Electrical stimulation of the receptive field evoked discharge in corticospinal axons with a mean latency of 36 ms (range 9-100 ms). 3. One hundred nine of the 212 recorded axons were successfully intra-axonally labeled by iontophoretic injection of horseradish peroxidase, with the mean length of labeled axon being 4.8 mm. Seventy-three of the labeled axons issued no collaterals, and 36 issued at least one labeled collateral into the spinal gray matter along the labeled portion of the parent axon. 4. Most labeled axons issued only one labeled collateral per spinal cord segment. Fourteen collaterals from 10 units were labeled well enough to permit reconstruction of their terminal arborizations. 5. Most terminal collaterals were oriented rostrocaudally and terminated in laminae V, VI, and VII. Most collaterals terminated within large mediolateral extents of the gray matter with no apparent topographic organization. 6. No collaterals terminated in laminae I or II or within the motoneuron pools, and no apparent correlation was found between their anatomic and physiological characteristics.

Lipomeningocele associated with diplomyelia in a dog

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (05) ◽  
pp. 323-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nele Ondreka ◽  
Sara Malberg ◽  
Emma Laws ◽  
Martin Schmidt ◽  
Sabine Schulze
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Neurological Status ◽  
Split Cord Malformation ◽  
Lumbar Spinal Cord ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Type I ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Subcutaneous Mass ◽  
Lumbar Spinal

SummaryA 2-year-old male neutered mixed breed dog with a body weight of 30 kg was presented for evaluation of a soft subcutaneous mass on the dorsal midline at the level of the caudal thoracic spine. A further clinical sign was intermittent pain on palpation of the area of the subcutaneous mass. The owner also described a prolonged phase of urination with repeated interruption and re-initiation of voiding. The findings of the neurological examination were consistent with a lesion localization between the 3rd thoracic and 3rd lumbar spinal cord segments. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a spina bifida with a lipomeningocele and diplomyelia (split cord malformation type I) at the level of thoracic vertebra 11 and 12 and secondary syringomyelia above the aforementioned defects in the caudal thoracic spinal cord. Surgical resection of the lipomeningocele via a hemilaminectomy was performed. After initial deterioration of the neurological status postsurgery with paraplegia and absent deep pain sensation the dog improved within 2 weeks to non-ambulatory paraparesis with voluntary urination. Six weeks postoperatively the dog was ambulatory, according to the owner. Two years after surgery the owner recorded that the dog showed a normal gait, a normal urination and no pain. Histopathological diagnosis of the biopsied material revealed a lipomeningocele which confirmed the radiological diagnosis.

Aging process of the human lumbar spinal cord: A morphometric analysis

1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Zhou ◽  
Noboru Goto ◽  
Chen Zhang ◽  
Wei Tang
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Lumbar Spinal Cord ◽  
Lumbar Spinal

scholarly journals Multi-pronged neuromodulation intervention engages the residual motor circuitry to facilitate walking in a rat model of spinal cord injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Bonizzato ◽  
Nicholas D. James ◽  
Galyna Pidpruzhnykova ◽  
Natalia Pavlova ◽  
Polina Shkorbatova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Lumbar Spinal Cord ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Potential Synergy ◽  
Lumbar Spinal ◽  
Deep Brain

AbstractA spinal cord injury usually spares some components of the locomotor circuitry. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the midbrain locomotor region and epidural electrical stimulation of the lumbar spinal cord (EES) are being used to tap into this spared circuitry to enable locomotion in humans with spinal cord injury. While appealing, the potential synergy between DBS and EES remains unknown. Here, we report the synergistic facilitation of locomotion when DBS is combined with EES in a rat model of severe contusion spinal cord injury leading to leg paralysis. However, this synergy requires high amplitudes of DBS, which triggers forced locomotion associated with stress responses. To suppress these undesired responses, we link DBS to the intention to walk, decoded from cortical activity using a robust, rapidly calibrated unsupervised learning algorithm. This contingency amplifies the supraspinal descending command while empowering the rats into volitional walking. However, the resulting improvements may not outweigh the complex technological framework necessary to establish viable therapeutic conditions.

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