Productivity of quails at different levels of glycine in feed

It is established that the growth of young quails depends on the optimal glycine content in the feed. The article presents data on the use of compound feed with different levels of glycine in the feeding of young quails of meat productivity. The research was conducted in the vivarium of the Department of Animal Feeding and Feed Technology. PD Wheat on quail breed Pharaoh. 300 day-old quails were selected for the experiment and three groups were formed. The level of glycine in feed for experimental animals was regulated by the introduction into its composition of a synthetic preparation of this amino acid by weight dosing and stepwise mixing. It was found that the live weight of quails depended on the glycine content in their diet. Thus, from the age of 14 days, the quails of the second and third groups had a live weight higher by 1.2% and 1%, respectively, compared to the control. At 21 days of age, the live weight of quails of the second group, which was fed feed containing 1.50% glycine, was 0.9% higher than in the control group, and the third group, with the level of glycine 1.60% – 1% lower. When feeding quail feed with a content of 1.50% glycine, their live weight at 28 days of age was 1.5% (P<0.01) greater than the control, and the live weight of birds of the third group was 1.5% (P <0.01) less. At the age of 35 days, the quails of the second group had the largest live weight, which is 0.9% more than the birds of the control group. During the first week of life, quails of the second group had an average daily gain less than analogues from the control group by 1.9%; and a week later, this figure increased by 2.6% compared to control. The highest average daily gain for the entire period of the experiment was in poultry of the second group – 8.72 g, which is 0.9% higher than in the control. Thus, it was found that feeding quails compound feed with a glycine content of 1.50% contributes to an increase in their live weight by 0.94%, average daily gains – by 0.9%, and reducing feed costs per 1 kg of growth by 1.4%.

Starch-based diet, plant-based diet or fasting may be beneficial to individuals suffering from sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection

High valine plus glycine content is a hallmark of the proteins in SARS-CoV-2 and SARS viruses, and it triggers the formation of aggregates between the two amino acid residues and calcium oxalate. As a result, SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals suffer from breathing difficulties. Human proteins with high valine plus glycine percentages can be induced during infection and these proteins may be partially retained in the body post-infection, giving rise to sequelae after disease recovery. To ameliorate such problems, starch-based diet, plant-based diet, or intermittent fasting with boiled rice water or fruit juice may be favorable to patients recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infections as they limit the intake of essential amino acids or all amino acids. Lysine supplement can be beneficial as lysine rich proteins attract chloride and solubilize insoluble and stiff calcium oxalate. However, clinical trials must be conducted to fully justify the use of lysine.

Pharmacological Evidence on Augmented Antiallodynia Following Systemic Co-Treatment with GlyT-1 and GlyT-2 Inhibitors in Rat Neuropathic Pain Model

The limited effect of current medications on neuropathic pain (NP) has initiated large efforts to develop effective treatments. Animal studies showed that glycine transporter (GlyT) inhibitors are promising analgesics in NP, though concerns regarding adverse effects were raised. We aimed to study NFPS and Org-25543, GlyT-1 and GlyT-2 inhibitors, respectively and their combination in rat mononeuropathic pain evoked by partial sciatic nerve ligation. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glycine content was also determined by capillary electrophoresis. Subcutaneous (s.c.) 4 mg/kg NFPS or Org-25543 showed analgesia following acute administration (30–60 min). Small doses of each compound failed to produce antiallodynia up to 180 min after the acute administration. However, NFPS (1 mg/kg) produced antiallodynia after four days of treatment. Co-treatment with subanalgesic doses of NFPS (1 mg/kg) and Org-25543 (2 mg/kg) produced analgesia at 60 min and thereafter meanwhile increased significantly the CSF glycine content. This combination alleviated NP without affecting motor function. Test compounds failed to activate G-proteins in spinal cord. To the best of our knowledge for the first time we demonstrated augmented analgesia by combining GlyT-1 and 2 inhibitors. Increased CSF glycine content supports involvement of glycinergic system. Combining selective GlyT inhibitors or developing non-selective GlyT inhibitors might have therapeutic value in NP.

The prevalence and distribution in genomes of low-complexity, amyloid-like, reversible, kinked segment (LARKS), a common structural motif in amyloid-like fibrils

Membraneless Organelles (MLOs) are vital and dynamic reaction centers in cells that organize metabolism in the absence of a membrane. Multivalent interactions between protein Low-Complexity Domains (LCDs) contribute to MLO organization. Our previous work used computational methods to identify structural motifs termed Low-complexity Amyloid-like Reversible Kinked Segments (LARKS) that can phase-transition to form hydrogels and are common in human proteins that participate in MLOs. Here we searched for LARKS in proteomes of six model organisms: Homo sapiens, Drosophila melanogaster, Plasmodium falciparum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Escherichia coli. We find LARKS are abundant in M. tuberculosis, D. melanogaster, and H. sapiens, but not in S. cerevisiae or P. falciparum. Abundant LARKS require high glycine content, which enables kinks to form in LARKS as is illustrated in the known LARKS-rich amyloid structures of TDP43, FUS, and hnRNPA2, three proteins that participate in MLOs. These results support the idea of LARKS as an evolved structural motif and we offer the LARKSdb webserver which permits users to search for LARKS in their protein sequences of interest.

High glycine content in TDP-43: a potential culprit in limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy

Numerous risk factors for heart disease or dementia harbor over 10% valine plus glycine content. Interestingly, TDP-43 contains 6.0% valine and 13.3% glycine, and the buildup of this protein in the brains of patients with limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy has dire consequences. The two γ-methyl groups in valine enable hyperconjugation, which enhances the van der Waals interaction between its side group and the carbonyl carbon. This extends the C=O bond length, and this weakened C=O bond augments the secondary chemical bonding of the carbonyl oxygen atom to cations. This, in turn, promotes the formation and buildup of insoluble and rigid salts such as calcium oxalate, which is postulated to be a major cause of heart disease. Similarly, the long C=O bond length in glycine results in a weakened C=O bond with an enhanced affinity toward cations and the formation of insoluble salts. Further, several prion proteins possess a high glycine content of approximately 20%. The insoluble calcium salts produced may promote aggregate formation via secondary chemical bonding between calcium and glycine, as well as between calcium and valine. Chemical and biochemical insights will help us to better understand the etiology of disorders linked to protein aggregates.

USE OF SECONDARY RAW MATERIALS OF BREWING IN THE TECHNOLOGY OF SEMI-SMOKED SAUSAGE

Для исследования перспективы использования белкового отстоя – вторичного сырья пивоваренного производства в технологии колбасных изделий были выработаны по разработанной рецептуре образцы полукопченых колбас: опытный, содержащий белковый отстой в количестве 10% взамен части мясного сырья и пищевую добавку «Глималаск», и контрольный, не содержащий указанных ингредиентов. При исследовании физико-химических показателей полученных изделий установлено, что в экспериментальном образце содержание белка было на 1,93% выше, а жира – на 1,2% ниже, чем в контрольном. Сравнение аминокислотных профилей образцов колбас показало, что внесение белкового отстоя компенсирует недостаток некоторых аминокислот, повышая биологическую ценность готового продукта. Самое высокое содержание имели незаменимые аминокислоты, мг: лейцин + изолейцин 1318, лизин 778, валин 479. Органолептическое исследование выявило, что внесение в колбасное изделие белкового отстоя вместе с пищевой добавкой «Глималаск», которая позволила уменьшить горьковатый привкус и более чем в 2 раза по сравнению с контрольным увеличить в опытном образце содержание глицина, способствовало улучшенному цветообразованию, а также повышению стабильности при хранении. Это подтверждает эффективность использования белкового отстоя при производстве полукопченых колбасных изделий. To study the prospects of use protein sludge – secondary raw materials of brewing production in the technology of sausages, samples of semi-smoked sausages – experimental, containing protein sludge in an amount of 10% instead of a part of meat raw materials and a food additive “Glimalask”, and a control, which does not contain these ingredients, were developed according to the developed formulation. In the study of physical and chemical parameters of the obtained products found that the experimental sample protein content was 1,93% higher and fat – 1,2% lower than in the control. Comparison of amino acid profiles of sausage samples showed that the introduction of protein sludge compensates for the lack of some amino acids, increasing the biological value of the finished product. Essential amino acids leucine + isoleucine, lysine, valine had the highest content – 1318, 778 and 479 mg, respectively. Organoleptic study revealed that the introduction of protein sludge into the sausage product together with the food additive “Glimalask”, which allowed to reduce the bitter taste and more than 2 times in comparison with the control increase in the experimental sample glycine content, contributed to improved color formation, as well as increased stability during storage. This confirms the effectiveness of the use of protein sludge in the production of smoked sausages.

d-, l- and d,l-Tryptophan-Based Polyamidoamino Acids: pH-Dependent Structuring and Fluorescent Properties

Chiral polyamidoamino acids were obtained by polyaddition of N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide with d-, d,l- and l-tryptophan (M-d-Trp, M-d,l-Trp and M-l-Trp). l-tryptophan/glycine copolymers, M-G-l-Trp5, M-G-l-Trp10, M-G-l-Trp20 and M-G-l-Trp40, were prepared from l-tryptophan/glycine mixtures. These polymers were amphoteric, with acid-base properties similar to those of the parent amino acids. The l-tryptophan/glycine copolymers with high glycine content were water soluble in the pH range 2-12. M-G-l-Trp40 showed a solubility gap centred at pH 4.5 and all tryptophan homopolymers were soluble only at pH > 7. Dynamic light scattering measurements performed in their solubility ranges, namely 2-11 M-G-l-Trp5, M-G-l-Trp10 and M-G-l-Trp20 and 7-11 for M-G-l-Trp40, M-d-Trp, M-l-Trp and M-d,l-Trp, showed that the size of all samples did not significantly vary with pH. Both M-l-Trp and M-G-l-Trp copolymers showed pH-dependent circular dichroism spectra in the wavelength interval 200–280 nm, revealing structuring. All samples were fluorescent. Their emission spectra were unstructured and, if normalized for their tryptophan content, almost superimposable at the same pH, providing evidence that only tryptophan governed the photoluminescence properties. Changing pH induced in all cases a slight shift of the emission wavelength maximum ascribed to the modification of the microenvironment surrounding the indole ring induced by different protonation degrees.

Глицин-нитратный синтез твердых растворов метатитаната бария-стронция

The effect of the compound of glycine-nitrate compositions on the completeness of the formation of solid solutions of barium-strontium metatitanate was studied. It was shown that the decomposition of all examined glycine-nitrate compositions begins at a temperature of 180 ° C, but depending on the glycine content and the pH, it has a different character. The optimal condition for the formation of single-phase products is the volumetric combustion mode, achieved when the content of the reducing agent is higher than the oxidizing agent in the composition. Such compositions make it possible to obtain nanosized powders of Ba1-xSrxTiO3 solid solutions (0≤ x≤0.4) by calcination at a temperature of 550 ° C, as well as to introduce them into composites based on porous magnetic glass, avoiding the interaction between the formed ferroelectric phase and the glass matrix.