scholarly journals Radiographic analysis of forensic dentistry

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Thalita Queiroz Abreu ◽  
Ana Emília Figueiredo De Oliveira ◽  
Elza Bernardes Ferreira ◽  
Mariana Figueiredo Lopes ◽  
Maia Denise Regina Pontes Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Age Estimation ◽  
Human Identification ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Forensic Dentistry ◽  
Clinical Documentation ◽  
Identification Process ◽  
Dental Examination ◽  
Dental Radiographs ◽  
Teeth Development ◽  
Dental Professionals

Objective: Age estimation is an important element in the forensic investigation, being one of the data primary sources to establish the identity of living people or unknown mortal remains. The methods used for this purpose are those based on individuals’ bones and teeth development. Since dental radiographs assume major role in the forensic context, this article aims to show, by means of literature review, the importance of dental radiographs as an aid in human identification process, particularly in the age estimation.Conclusion: The forensic dental examination contributes significantly to human identification, no matter if it is a living, in advanced decay, skeletonized or charred body. Therefore, it is important to raise awareness among dental professionals about the need to properly record and archive the information and data obtained during the daily clinical routine, since the greatest support for identification in forensic dentistry, mainly the individual’s age estimation, comes from clinical documentation produced daily by clinicians, especially dental radiographs.

scholarly journals Identifying missing people: the contribution of forensic dentistry and DNA

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 313-318
Author(s):  
Luciene Menrique CORRADI ◽  
Denise Vieira TRAVASSOS ◽  
Sylvia Cury COSTE ◽  
Rosa Núbia Vieira de MOURA ◽  
Efigênia Ferreira e FERREIRA
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Anthropology ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Human Identification ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Forensic Dentistry ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Examination

Abstract Introduction Human identification is considered one of the major steps concerning missing people. The Forensic Anthropology Sector of Legal Medical Institutes identifies corpses. Forensic dentistry and DNA tests stand out among the existing standard tests. Objective This article aimed to evaluate human identification effectiveness through forensic dental examination performed in the forensic anthropology sector in a Forensic Medical Institute, comparing them with DNA analyses. Methodology This is a cross-sectional study using secondary data available in the department´s database, from 2008 to 2014, concerning identification procedures using forensic dentistry and DNA techniques. Result The analysis of the examinations eligible to this study (241) showed that DNA analysis was the method used for identification in 79.3% of the cases and forensic dental examinations were used in 20.7% of the cases. As for the type of biological material used during these examinations, unidentified corpses corresponded to 131 cases (53.9%), skeleton structures corresponded to 109 cases (44.9%) and there were 3 cases of body segments (1.2%). When analyzing the time spent to complete the tests, dental examinations were faster than DNA tests. The time spent for forensic dental examination does not depend on the type of dental documentation evaluated. Conclusion The analysis of the results in this study showed that human identification through forensic dentistry is effective, rapid and less costly, contributing to greater agility in solving issues related to locating missing people.

scholarly journals Identification of Sex Using Linear Skull Measures: The Importance of Imaging in Biotechnology

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
Alile Carmo ◽  
Ana Carolina Mariz ◽  
Leandro Santos ◽  
Marianna Torres ◽  
Raí Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Computer Tomography ◽  
Human Identification ◽  
Human Remains ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Forensic Dentistry ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Identification Process

There are several methods used in the identification process of human remains. The most of them are based on comparing of antemortem and postmortem data available. Although the technique of fingerprinting is considered more accurate in many cases, it cannot be used when the bodies are mutilated, decomposed, burned, or fragmented. This article aims to compare the metric values obtained by Galvão (1994) and Saliba (2001) to differentiate male and female through dry skulls, using the measurement of the Radiocef Studio 2 Program. It was used 16 teleradiographs (11 females and 5 males). The linear measurements used in this article were: 1. The bodies stature of the mandible; and 2. Distance Nasium-Front Nasal Spine. Several radiological techniques are used to aid the human identification process for determining sex, ethnic group, and age. The analyses of X-rays and Computer Tomography (CT) scans, antemortem and postmortem, have been an important tool for human identification in forensic dentistry, especially with the refinement of techniques acquired with the advancement of radiology and CT scans. We concluded that the knowledge of the best method by forensic dentists with a careful application of the technique and report’s interpretation is essential to fulfilling the necessary characteristics for a successful identification of sex using skull measures.

scholarly journals ESTIMATIVA DO SEXO E IDADE POR MEIO DO ÍNDICE TRANSVERSO EM CRÂNIOS SECOS DE ADULTOS

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erasmo Almeida Junior ◽  
Francisco Prado Reis ◽  
Luís Carlos Cavalcante Galvão ◽  
Marcelo Correa Alves ◽  
Adriana Rúbia Jesus Cabral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Age Estimation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Forensic Dentistry ◽  
Statistical Methodology ◽  
Identification Process ◽  
Absolute Certainty ◽  
Cranial Index ◽  
Transverse Index ◽  
Age And Sex

Introduction - Forensic Dentistry has great importance in the identification process, especially when professionals receive only the cephalic  portion of the body for analysis. The purpose of this study is to assess sexual dimorphism and age estimation using the  Transverse Cranial Index. Materials and methods - We studied a sample of 160 dry skulls, 80 males and 80 females, who belonged to individuals over the age of 20 years, and with age and sex known with absolute certainty. The studied skulls belonged to people whose relatives had not claimed their remains in the time established by the Cemetery administration and they were being sent for cremation. The following measurements were carried out:  the distance between the basion and bregma (maximum cranial height) and the distance between the eurio and eurio (maximum cranial width) and from these we calculated the Transverse Index. Results - According to statistical analysis, there was a success rate of 81.5% by logistic regression and 76.25% with discriminant analysis. The results were verified and the confidence interval was average throughout the test. The method of multiple linear regression used to predict the age was used, noting that the model was not significant (p = 0.3223). Conclusions - The results allowed the development of statistical methodology for the diagnosis of sex and age on future observations.

scholarly journals Evaluation of palatal rugoscopy in dentulous and edentulous cases for human identification in forensic dentistry

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Rogério José Scandiuzzi ◽  
Jéssica Cecília de Almeida ◽  
Ricardo Henrique Alves da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Human Identification ◽  
Forensic Dentistry

Estimativa de Idade em Remanescentes Ósseos: Contribuições dos Ossos da Cabeça e do Pescoço

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 566-584
Author(s):  
Thamires Mello-Gentil ◽  
Vanessa Souza-Mello
Keyword(s):  
Age Estimation ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Human Identification ◽  
Cranial Sutures

A estimativa da idade a partir de remanescentes ósseos é um desafio da ciência forense, principalmente em adultos. Os ossos da cabeça, do pescoço e os dentes apresentam maior resistência e, frequentemente, são as únicas peças disponíveis para perícia. Este estudo teve como objetivo revisar criticamente os métodos disponíveis para a estimativa de idade a partir remanescentes ósseos da cabeça e do pescoço, bem como dos dentes na prática forense. Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura, utilizando a base de dados PubMed para as buscas com os seguintes descritores: “cranial sutures”, “teeth mineralization”, “cervical vertebrae”, “hyoid”, “age estimation” e “human identification”. As buscas de artigos foram restritas aos últimos dez anos. Contudo, livros, artigos clássicos e teses foram incluídos, mesmo que tenham sido publicados há mais tempo. A revisão da literatura mostrou que a idade de fechamento das suturas deve ser utilizada em associação com outro parâmetro devido à ocorrência de variações frequentes. O ângulo da mandíbula pode oferecer informações importantes para estimar a idade, porém a mineralização dentária a partir da utilização de exames de imagem ou técnicas histológicas oferecem subsídios para estimar a idade com maior acurácia. Os ossos do pescoço podem ajudar a estimar a idade, porém não devem ser utilizados isoladamente. Em conclusão, os dentes e ossos da cabeça e do pescoço podem ser utilizados em complemento à análise de outros ossos para estimativa de idade. Contudo, quando são as únicas peças disponíveis, o grau de fechamento das suturas, o ângulo da mandíbula e a mineralização dentária podem oferecer subsídios suficientes para estimar a idade, principalmente quando analisados juntamente a exames de imagem, técnicas histológicas e em associação com os ossos do pescoço.

scholarly journals Oral Health and Bone Density in Adolescents and Young Women with Anorexia Nervosa

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Shaughnessy ◽  
Henry Feldman ◽  
Robert Cleveland ◽  
Andrew Sonis ◽  
Julia Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Gingival Recession ◽  
Mental Foramen ◽  
Dental Erosion ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Periodontal Health ◽  
Dental Examination ◽  
Dental Radiographs ◽  
Dental Providers

Purpose: To evaluate the dental and periodontal health of adolescents and young women with restrictive anorexia nervosa (AN), and relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and dental radiographs. Study Design: Twenty-three young women, median age 17.6 years (range 14.4-27.2), were studied within three months of entering a clinical trial. DXA BMD measurements were obtained and subjects underwent a comprehensive dental examination, including panoramic and bitewing dental radiographs. Three observers assessed mandibular cortical width (MCW) in the mental foramen region on panoramic radiographs. Results: Dental findings included very good to excellent oral hygiene. Gingival recession was evident in 10 participants (43%). Dental erosion was not seen and the mean decayed missing or filled teeth (DMFT) was 8.6. There was a weak positive correlation between BMD by DXA and MCW on radiographs. Conclusions:We report dental manifestations associated with restrictive AN, and the association between bone assessments by DXA and dental radiographs in this patient group. Despite subnormal DXA measurements in most patients, essentially all adolescents had a normal dental examination. Dental providers should be cognizant of the fact that many patients with eating disorders may not display the "classic" findings reported in the literature.

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