scholarly journals Narrative Structures in Cross-linguistic Perspective: English, Hobongan, and Daqan

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Marla Perkins
Keyword(s):  
Field Work ◽  
Narrative Discourse ◽  
Partial Report ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Focus Particles ◽  
Narrative Structures ◽  
Specific Description ◽  
Selection Of

It has been noted (Perkins, 2009; Zwaan 1999; Zwaan and Radvansky, 1998) that causality, character, location, and time are the four main aspects of narrative discourse, even if not attended to in equal ways—for example, in English, character is highly ranked, and the locational/spatial components have often been underestimated. However, this is not a universal ranking. In a partial report on field work conducted in Borneo in 2012-2015, I note typological patterns in stylistic preferences within a selection of short narratives in English, Hobongan, and Daqan (the latter two are Austronesian). The strategies identified in the languages, by which the rankings of the various types of narrative information are foregrounded or backgrounded, include focus particles (Hobongan), specificity of description, or lack thereof (each), what component is most involved in driving the narrative forward (each), and frequency of information given about different components of the narrative (each). For example, English narratives center around a character or characters, and a great deal of specific information is given about such characters. In Hobongan, by contrast, the characters are backgrounded relative to the locational information provided, which is given specific description and is marked repeatedly as the focus of the narrative. In Daqan, still another pattern can be identified, that of a given duration providing the justification for and coherence throughout a narrative. It is suggested that analyses of the stylistics of information in narrative be included in typological categorizations and linguistic descriptions of languages, and that such analyses need, as much as possible, to be informed by an understanding of preferred patterns in different languages.

Anaphoric devices in written and spoken narrative discourse

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurora Bel ◽  
Joan Perera ◽  
Naymé Salas
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Narrative Discourse ◽  
Subject Position ◽  
Narrative Texts ◽  
Discourse Function ◽  
Subject Pronouns ◽  
Overt Pronouns ◽  
Written Texts ◽  
Pronominal Anaphora ◽  
Selection Of

In this study, we focus on pronominal anaphora and we investigate the referential properties of null and overt subject pronouns in Catalan, in the semi-spontaneous production of narrative spoken and written texts by three groups of speakers/writers (9–10, 12–13, and 15–16 year olds). We aimed at determining (1) pronoun preferences for a specific type of antecedent; (2) their specialization in a certain discourse function; and (3) whether the pattern is affected by text modality (spoken vs. written texts). We analyzed 30 spoken and 30 written narrative texts, produced by the same 30 subjects, divided into the age groups mentioned above. Results seem fairly consistent across age groups and modalities, showing that null pronouns tend to select antecedents in subject position and are well specialized in maintaining reference, while overt pronouns offer a less clear pattern both in their selection of antecedents and in the discourse function they perform. Our findings partially support those of previous research on other null-subject languages, in particular, the Position of Antecedent Hypothesis (PAH) formulated by Carminati (2002) for Italian.

scholarly journals Fault Diagnosis of Transmission Line using Feed Forward Neural Network

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9S2) ◽  
pp. 263-268
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Neural Nets ◽  
Feed Forward Neural Network ◽  
Training Time ◽  
Optimum Result ◽  
Human Effort ◽  
Selection Of

The implementation of neural network for the fault diagnosis is to improve the dependability of the proposed scheme by providing a more accurate, faster diagnosis relaying scheme as compared with the conventional relaying schemes. It is important to improve the relaying schemes regarding the shortcoming of the system and increase the dependability of the system by using the proposed relaying scheme. It also provide more accurate, faster relaying scheme. It also gives selective schemes as compared to conventional system. The techniques for survey employed some methods for the collection of data which involved a literature review of journals, from review on books, newspaper, magazines as well as field work, additional data was collected from researchers who are working in this field. To achieve optimum result we have to improve following things: (i) Training time, (ii) Selection of training vector, (iii) Upgrading of trained neural nets and integration of technologies. AI with its promise of adaptive training and generalization deserves scope. As a result we obtain a system which is more reliable, more accurate, and faster, has more dependability as well as it will selective according to the proposed relaying scheme as compare to the conventional relaying scheme. This system helps us to reduce the shortcoming like major faults which we faced in the complex system of transmission lines which will helps in reducing human effort, saves cost for maintaining the transmission system.

Pathologies in Narrative Structures

2007 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 203-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Process ◽  
Narrative Discourse ◽  
Wide Sense ◽  
Evolutionary Account ◽  
Narrative Structures ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Narrative Practice ◽  
Plot Structure ◽  
Narrative Framework ◽  
Narrative Understanding

Per Aage Brandt, commenting on a passage from Merlin Donald, suggests that there is ‘a narrative aesthetics built into our mind.’ In Donald, one can find an evolutionary account of this narrative aesthetics. If there is something like an innate narrative disposition, it is also surely the case that there is a process of development involved in narrative practice. In this paper I will assume something closer to the developmental account provided by Jerome Bruner in various works, and Dan Hutto's account of how we learn narrative practices, and I'll refer to this narrative aesthetics as a narrative competency that we come to have through a developmental process. I will take narrative in a wide sense, to include oral and written communications and self-reports on experience. In this regard narrative is more basic than story, and not necessarily characterized by the formal plot structure of a story. A story may be told in many different ways, but always via narrative discourse. Also, having narrative competency includes not just abilities for understanding narratives, but also for narrative understanding, which allows us to form narratives about things, events and other people. To be capable of narrative understanding means to be capable of seeing events in a narrative framework.

scholarly journals Parenting While in Training: A Comprehensive Needs Assessment of Residents and Fellows

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirti Magudia ◽  
Thomas S. C. Ng ◽  
Alexander G. Bick ◽  
Megan A. Koster ◽  
Camden Bay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Training ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
Fellowship Training ◽  
Parental Status ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Access And Affordability ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Individual Training

ABSTRACT Background Parenting issues can affect physicians' choice of specialty or subspecialty, as well as their selection of individual training programs, because of the distinctive challenges facing residents and fellows with children. Specific information about how residents perceive these challenges is limited. Objective We sought to better understand the challenges associated with parenting during residency and fellowship training in order to inform policy and research. Methods In 2017, a voluntary online questionnaire was distributed to all 2214 Partners HealthCare graduate medical education trainees across 285 training programs. The survey queried attitudes of and about trainees with children and assessed needs and experiences related to parental leave, lactation, and childcare. Responses were compared between subgroups, including gender, surgical versus nonsurgical specialty, parental status, and whether the respondent was planning to become a parent. Results A total of 578 trainees (26%) responded to the questionnaire. Of these, 195 (34%) became parents during training. An additional 298 (52%) planned to become parents during training. Respondents overwhelmingly agreed that their institution should support trainees with children (95%) and that doing so is important for trainee wellness (98%). However, 25% felt that trainees with children burden trainees without children. Childcare access, affordability, and availability for sufficient hours were identified as key challenges, along with issues related to parental leave, lactation facilities, and effect on peers. Conclusions This survey highlights trainees' perspectives about parenting during their clinical training, signaling parental leave, lactation facilities, and childcare access and affordability as particular challenges and potential targets for future interventions.

Pathologies in Narrative Structures

2007 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 203-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Process ◽  
Narrative Discourse ◽  
Wide Sense ◽  
Evolutionary Account ◽  
Narrative Structures ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Narrative Practice ◽  
Plot Structure ◽  
Narrative Framework ◽  
Narrative Understanding

Per Aage Brandt, commenting on a passage from Merlin Donald, suggests that there is ‘a narrative aesthetics built into our mind.’ In Donald, one can find an evolutionary account of this narrative aesthetics. If there is something like an innate narrative disposition, it is also surely the case that there is a process of development involved in narrative practice. In this paper I will assume something closer to the developmental account provided by Jerome Bruner in various works, and Dan Hutto's account of how we learn narrative practices, and I'll refer to this narrative aesthetics as a narrative competency that we come to have through a developmental process. I will take narrative in a wide sense, to include oral and written communications and self-reports on experience. In this regard narrative is more basic than story, and not necessarily characterized by the formal plot structure of a story. A story may be told in many different ways, but always via narrative discourse. Also, having narrative competency includes not just abilities for understanding narratives, but also for narrative understanding, which allows us to form narratives about things, events and other people. To be capable of narrative understanding means to be capable of seeing events in a narrative framework.

The IUCN Threatened Plants Committee and Its Work Throughout the World

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grenville Ll. Lucas ◽  
A. H. M. Synge
Keyword(s):  
Threatened Species ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Tropical Rain Forests ◽  
Threatened Plants ◽  
Stimulate Action ◽  
Similar Work ◽  
The World ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Selection Of

After stressing the importance of the plant kingdom to Man and the dangers threatening the survival of an estimated 20,000 species of flowering plants, this paper presents details of the activities of the IUCN Threatened Plants Committee (TPC), set up by the Survival Service Commission in 1974. The Secretariat of the TPC works through three main approaches: (1) regional groups of botanists and other experts identifying threats to their floras, advising the TPC, and preparing recommendations; (2) specialist groups doing similar work for plant groups such as palms and cycads; and (3) institutional support of botanic gardens and similar organizations maintaining collections of threatened species in cultivation. This last aspect was launched at a conference on conservation held at Kew in 1975.The primary aim of the TPC is to gather and disseminate information on which species are threatened throughout the world. Accurate documentation is essential, and in this task both herbarium and field work are needed. Although our knowledge in general of temperate, subtropical, and islands, floras is reasonably good in most cases, and there are specialists working on most of such areas, our knowledge of continental tropical floras is much less comprehensive. There is an urgent need for check-lists to be rapidly compiled for such areas wherever possible. In tropical rain-forests, the difficulties encountered in listing threatened species are particularly acute.Provided present collaboration continues and finance is provided, initial lists of rare and threatened species will become available within the next decade for many areas. This information should be of great value in preventing needless extinction through lack of planning or forethought, in providing a valuable input in the selection of sites for reserves, etc., and in complementing habitat conservation approaches—as well as helping to stimulate action on individual species.The ‘Red Data’ categories used by IUCN to indicate the degrees of threat to individual species are outlined, and will be used in the three types of TPC publication—regional lists of rare and threatened species, bulletins on smaller areas with more detail on each species, and sheets for the Red Data Book which will give detailed case-histories of a limited selection of threatened species. All three approaches are under way; the European List has been completed, bulletins for many areas are on the way, and the TPC aims to start issuing new plant Red Data sheets in 1977–78.

scholarly journals Optimal observational planning of local GPS networks: assessing an analytical method

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Mehrabi ◽  
B. Voosoghi
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Operational Research ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Programming Algorithm ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Gps Networks ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractPrecision, reliability and cost are the major criteria applied in optimization and design of geodetic networks. The terrestrial networks are being replaced quickly by permanent and campaign Global Positioning System (GPS) networks. These networks must be optimized using the same three criteria. In this article the optimization of the observational plan of local GPS networks (Second Order Design (SOD)) is considered using the precision criterion. This study is limited to the selection of optimal numbers and the best distribution of the non-trivial baselines throughout the network. This objective is accomplished based on the SOD solution through the analytical method in operational research by the means of quadratic programming algorithm. This presented method is tested on a real GPS network and appears to be a useful technique in terms of cost reduction in the field work by the provided observational plan and optimal distribution of the baselines throughout the network. Results indicate that weights of almost 36% of the baselines are negligiblewhen compared to the weights of the rest of the baselines; therefore, they could be eliminated fromthe observational plan, resulting in a 36% saving in the fieldwork cost.

The SWAT Approach for Pipeline Watercourse Crossings

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Jasper ◽  
Jason D. Harris ◽  
Raymond Doering
Keyword(s):  
Fish Habitat ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Potential Habitat ◽  
Individual Site ◽  
Field Assessment ◽  
Pipeline Project ◽  
Feed Phase ◽  
Swat Team

This paper describes a multi-year program to assess pipeline crossings of sensitive watercourses along a major pipeline project. During the Front End Engineering and Design (FEED) phase a sensitive watercourse assessment team (SWAT) was established to provide a biophysical and construction assessment of selected watercourses to be crossed by a proposed pipeline project in western Canada. The SWAT comprised a fisheries biologist, a pipeline watercourse construction specialist and other technical support personnel. The field work included assessing biophysical data, fish habitat values, access to the crossing location, construction issues, site-specific mitigative measures and potential habitat compensation options, as well as providing photo documentation and a conceptual crossing sketch. The advantages of the SWAT assessment at a crossing site were: • It provided an effective and efficient field assessment of the proposed watercourse crossing in the early phase of the project. • It was a multidisciplinary assessment. • It provided a recommendation as to a preferred crossing location at the site. • It provided a recommendation as to preferred crossing method and timing of construction at the site. • The data were site-specific to the preferred crossing location. Three consecutive years of baseline biophysical field data were compiled and site reports generated using a custom designed database. Over 200 sensitive watercourses were identified based on environmental, geotechnical, and constructability factors and were visited by the SWAT team, sometimes more than once, for a total of 271 individual site assessments. Data collected during the FEED phase included site-specific information that can be used for ongoing project discussions, regulatory and community consultations, permitting and Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) authorizations. The SWAT program also provided recommendations for minor or significant shifts in crossing location for 40% of the sites visited, resulting in changes to the pipeline alignment during the route evolution process.

How aspects of a wine’s place affect consumers’ authenticity perceptions and purchase intentions

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Moulard ◽  
Barry J. Babin ◽  
Mitch Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
New World ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Purchase Intentions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Old World ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Specific Description ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore how two aspects of place affect consumers’ authenticity perceptions of a wine and their willingness to pay for it. One aspect of place is the wine’s country of origin, specifically Old World versus New World wines. A second aspect of place is the technical terroir. A description of the terroir that is highly specific was expected to be perceived as more authentic and offer more value than a vague terroir description. Design/methodology/approach – A total of 109 US adults participated in an online 2 × 2 experiment in which authenticity, willingness to pay and expertise were measured. ANCOVA and MANCOVA were used to analyze the data. Findings – Subjects perceived the Old World wine as more authentic and were willing to pay more for it than the New World wine. Additionally, country of origin moderated the effect of terroir specificity on authenticity and willingness to pay. For New World wines, wine with specific information about the terroir was perceived as more authentic and more valuable than wine with vague terroir information. The opposite was found for the Old World wine. Finally, authenticity mediated the effect of this interaction on willingness to pay. Research limitations/implications – The sample limits generalizability, and the study design involved only a text description of the wine. While the description allowed control, future research should include a measure following an actual taste of the wine. Practical implications – The implications concern the strength of the Old World wine stereotypes and the means of marketing wines from less traditional wine-producing regions. The Old World wines provide a quality signal that need not be reinforced by a specific description of the technical terroir. In contrast, a specific description of the technical terroir may well send positive signals for wines from New World countries. Originality/value – This study is the first to empirically demonstrate that two different aspects of place influence a wine’s perceived authenticity.

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