scholarly journals Una historia transnacional de la Internet en Centroamérica

2020 ◽  
pp. 356-362
Author(s):  
David Arturo Chavarría Camacho
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Transnational History ◽  
The Internet ◽  
History Of ◽  
Networks Integration

El libro A Transnational History of the Internet in Central America, 1985–2000. Networks, Integration, and Development, de Ignacio Siles González, estudia la historia de la Internet en Centroamérica a través de las tendencias más actuales de la historia transnacional: una historiografía muy popular que, junto con la historia global, ha venido atrayendo una cada vez más creciente cantidad de recursos financieros y humanos para la investigación y la publicación. Esto implica de entrada, alejarse de las metodologías clásicas que analizaban la región centroamericana dividiendo los procesos históricos país por país, en una sucesión nacionalista de capítulos que finalmente derivan en conclusiones disímiles entre cada uno de estos.

scholarly journals Reseña del libro A Transnational History of the Internet in Central America, 1985–2000: Networks, Integration and Development / Book Review A Transnational History of the Internet in Central America, 1985–2000: Networks, Integration and Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 241-244
Author(s):  
Margarita Marroquín-Parducci
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Central America ◽  
Transnational History ◽  
The Internet ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Act ◽  
Historical Moment ◽  
Networks Integration

“In an era in which the need to protect borders has often been defended, remembering a historical moment that sought to overcome them is also, in essence, a political act in itself” (Siles, 2020: 10). Ignacio Siles, catedrático en la Escuela de Ciencias de la Comunicación de la Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR), nos presenta un acto político hecho libro que contextualiza lo que ocurría en Centroamérica durante los años en que se fue facilitando la conexión a internet en la región. Siles es doctor en Medios, Tecnología y Sociedad por la Universidad de Northwestern, tras una maestría en Comunicación por la Universidad de Montreal, y una licenciatura en Ciencias de la Comunicación por la Universidad de Costa Rica, donde actualmente es profesor.

Solving the Internet Jurisdiction Puzzle

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Jerker B. Svantesson
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Data Privacy ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Private International Law ◽  
Reform Initiatives ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
Privacy Law ◽  
History Of

Internet jurisdiction has emerged as one of the greatest and most urgent challenges online, severely affecting areas as diverse as e-commerce, data privacy, law enforcement, content take-downs, cloud computing, e-health, Cyber security, intellectual property, freedom of speech, and Cyberwar. In this innovative book, Professor Svantesson presents a vision for a new approach to Internet jurisdiction––for both private international law and public international law––based on sixteen years of research dedicated specifically to the topic. The book demonstrates that our current paradigm remains attached to a territorial thinking that is out of sync with our modern world, especially, but not only, online. Having made the claim that our adherence to the territoriality principle is based more on habit than on any clear and universally accepted legal principles, Professor Svantesson advances a new jurisprudential framework for how we approach jurisdiction. He also proposes several other reform initiatives such as the concept of ‘investigative jurisdiction’ and an approach to geo-blocking, aimed at equipping us to solve the Internet jurisdiction puzzle. In addition, the book provides a history of Internet jurisdiction, and challenges our traditional categorisation of different types of jurisdiction. It places Internet jurisdiction in a broader context and outlines methods for how properly to understand and work with rules of Internet jurisdiction. While Solving the Internet Puzzle paints a clear picture of the concerns involved and the problems that needs to be overcome, this book is distinctly aimed at finding practical solutions anchored in a solid theoretical framework.

scholarly journals Associative Blockchain for Decentralized PKI Transparency

Cryptography ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Xavier Boyen ◽  
Udyani Herath ◽  
Matthew McKague ◽  
Douglas Stebila
Keyword(s):  
Formal Analysis ◽  
Fraud Detection ◽  
Public Key Infrastructure ◽  
Public Key ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Security Model ◽  
User Adoption ◽  
Browser Extension ◽  
History Of ◽  
Client Side

The conventional public key infrastructure (PKI) model, which powers most of the Internet, suffers from an excess of trust into certificate authorities (CAs), compounded by a lack of transparency which makes it vulnerable to hard-to-detect targeted stealth impersonation attacks. Existing approaches to make certificate issuance more transparent, including ones based on blockchains, are still somewhat centralized. We present decentralized PKI transparency (DPKIT): a decentralized client-based approach to enforcing transparency in certificate issuance and revocation while eliminating single points of failure. DPKIT efficiently leverages an existing blockchain to realize an append-only, distributed associative array, which allows anyone (or their browser) to audit and update the history of all publicly issued certificates and revocations for any domain. Our technical contributions include definitions for append-only associative ledgers, a security model for certificate transparency, and a formal analysis of our DPKIT construction with respect to the same. Intended as a client-side browser extension, DPKIT will be effective at fraud detection and prosecution, even under fledgling user adoption, and with better coverage and privacy than federated observatories, such as Google’s or the Electronic Frontier Foundation’s.

Freedom Tide? Ideology, Politics, and the Origins of Democracy Promotion in U.S. Central America Policy, 1980–1984

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 60-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan McCormick
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Reagan Administration ◽  
Democracy Promotion ◽  
The Political ◽  
History Of ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
Dramatic Shift

The Reagan administration came to power in 1981 seeking to downplay Jimmy Carter's emphasis on human rights in U.S. policy toward Latin America. Yet, by 1985 the administration had come to justify its policies towards Central America in the very same terms. This article examines the dramatic shift that occurred in policymaking toward Central America during Ronald Reagan's first term. Synthesizing existing accounts while drawing on new and recently declassified material, the article looks beyond rhetoric to the political, intellectual, and bureaucratic dynamics that conditioned the emergence of a Reaganite human rights policy. The article shows that events in El Salvador suggested to administration officials—and to Reagan himself—that support for free elections could serve as a means of shoring up legitimacy for embattled allies abroad, while defending the administration against vociferous human rights criticism at home. In the case of Nicaragua, democracy promotion helped to eschew hard decisions between foreign policy objectives. The history of the Reagan Doctrine's contentious roots provides a complex lens through which to evaluate subsequent U.S. attempts to foster democracy overseas.

Creating a union catalogue for the libraries of the French national museums

2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian David ◽  
Catherine Granger ◽  
Nicole Picot
Keyword(s):  
The Internet ◽  
National Museum ◽  
Internet Site ◽  
Western Art ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Museums

The French national museum libraries service comprises 21 libraries specialising in the history of western art and archaeology. The central library, which is at the head of the network, was automated first and has completed its retrospective conversion. At first this library catalogued the material acquired for all the others; then a number of them were able in their turn to computerise and thus contribute directly to the union catalogue of the national museum libraries. This can now be consulted on the internet site of the Ministry of Culture.

Gender, History and ‘Small Europe’

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 685-700
Author(s):  
Jitka Malečková
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Transnational History ◽  
European History ◽  
Gender History ◽  
Gender Perspective ◽  
Good Place ◽  
European Dimension ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender

Gender is a good place from which to start reflections on European history: gender history deliberately transcends borders and, at the same time, demonstrates the difficulties of writing European, or transnational, history. Focusing on recent syntheses of modern European history, both general works and those specifically devoted to gender, the article asks what kind of Europe emerges from the encounter between gender and history. It suggests that the writing of European history includes either Eastern Europe (and, sometimes, the Ottoman Empire) or a gender perspective, but seldom both. Thus, the projects of integrating a European dimension into gender history and gender into European history remain unfinished. The result is a history of a rather ‘small Europe’.

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