scholarly journals Traducción e investigación bibliográfica

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Hennequin Mercier ◽  
Dorit Heike Gruhn
Keyword(s):  
Primary Sources ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Many

La tarea del traductor comprende ciertos aspectos que, si bien no corresponden al ámbito de la traducción propiamente dicha, se relacionan de manera sustantiva con ella. Entre estas tareas figura la investigación bibliográfica, destinada a localizar las fuentes primarias y a corregir los (a veces numerosos) errores que inevitablemente contiene cualquier texto. El traductor confiere así a su trabajo una importante plusvalía, que marca una diferencia decisiva entre su traducción y la de otros traductores que conciben esta operación como la simple búsqueda de equivalencias lingüísticas. Para ilustrar esta afirmación, analizaremos la traducción de una obra de arqueología y otra de sociología, a fin de demostrar que todo traductor puede convertirse en un investigador que se da a la apasionantetarea de descubrir las mil y una realidades inesperadas que se ocultan detrás de las palabras. The task of a translator comprises certain aspects that are related to it in a substantial way, though not properly corresponding to the field of translation. Among these aspects bibliographical research is found to set up the primary sources and to correct the (many times numerous) errors, which unavoidably exist in any text. Thus, a significant value gain is conferred to the translator’s work, providing a decisive contrast with other translators who conceive translation as the mere search of linguistic equivalents. In order to illustrate this assertion, let us analyze two translations, a work on archeology and another one on sociology, to demonstrate that every translator can become a researcher devoted to the passionate task of discovering the numerous unexpected realities hidden behind words.

Effects of high and low doses of methimazole in patients with Graves' thyrotoxicosis

1987 ◽  
Vol 116 (1_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S312-S317 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Benker ◽  
D. Reinwein ◽  
H. Creutzig ◽  
H. Hirche ◽  
W. D. Alexander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antithyroid Drug ◽  
Drug Dosage ◽  
Antithyroid Drugs ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Disease Heterogeneity ◽  
Remission Rates ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. In spite of the long-established use of antithyroid drugs, there are many unsettled questions connected with this treatment of Graves' disease. There is a lack of controlled prospective trials studying the results of antithyroid drug therapy while considering the many variables such as disease heterogeneity, regional differences, drug dosage and duration of treatment. Therefore, a multicenter study has been set up in order to compare the effects of two fixed doses of methimazole (10 vs 40 mg) with thyroid hormone supplementation on the clinical, biochemical and immunological course of Graves' disease and on remission rates. Experience accumulated so far suggests that treatment is safe using either 10 or 40 mg of methimazole. While there is a tendency for an advantage of the higher dose within the first weeks (higher effectiveness in controlling hyperthyroidism), this difference is not significant. The impact of dosage on remission rates remains to be shown.

scholarly journals A new methodology for monitoring P. oceanica meadows in Tavolara Punta Coda Cavallo MPA using GIS

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieraugusto Panzalis ◽  
Andrea Deiana ◽  
Sarah Caronni ◽  
Augusto Navone
Keyword(s):  
Scale Up ◽  
Continuous Mapping ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Regular Grid ◽  
Side Scan Sonar ◽  
Sea Bottom ◽  
The Status ◽  
Square Cells ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Many

Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are acknowledged globally as effective tools for the protection and management of the marine environment; however, to get effective results it is necessary to set up a proper and continuous mapping of the marine territory, in order to gain detailed knowledge of its different aspects. Therefore, the implementation and maintenance of a modern GIS (Geographic Information System) has become an indispensable task for the MPA of Tavolara - Punta Coda Cavallo to collect, aggregate, classify, and track the conducted mapping activities. Between 2011 and 2012 the sea bottom of the MPA was surveyed using different methods: by means of a multi-beam echo sounder and of a side scan sonar, as well as conducting fast scientific scuba divings with re-breathers and underwater position system technologies. High resolution geodatasets, characterized by a significantly high quality in representing and describing the sea bottom and its habitats, were produced in both feature (scale up to 1:1.250) and raster formats (up to 30cm/pixel for sonar images and 1m/pixel for bathymetry) and they currently constitute the basis of the MPA's GIS, including its 3D applications and its web map services for desktop and mobile devices (iPhone & Android). To update the above described geodatasets during time, acquiring new data on the conservation targets considered in monitoring activities, among which the status of P. oceanica meadows is of the most important ones, a long term mapping plan was realized on the basis of an innovative methodology elaborated by the MPA considering both the wideness of the area and the limited funds available at present. The whole MPA was divided in territorial units by means of a regular grid of square cells having a 100m side with the logic of starting the mapping activities from the mainly important areas and then to spread the surveys up to fill the whole mosaic. All the new data acquired with this methodology could then be mixed, compared and indexed within the same cell and/or in the many already available geodatases, starting from those dated 2006 having a regular grid with square cells of 500m per side.

scholarly journals Aspectos relevantes del intento de reforma constitucional en Italia en la cuestión de procedimiento legislativo y fuentes primarias = Aspetti rilevanti della tentata riforma constituzionale in Italia in tema di procedimiento legislativo en fonti primarie = Relevant aspects of the constitutional reform attemp in Italy in the matter of legislative procedure and primary sources

2017 ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Tommaso Pensabene Lionti
Keyword(s):  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Constitutional Reform ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Legislative Process ◽  
Parliamentary System ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
Legislative Procedure ◽  
Constitutional System ◽  
The Many

<p>El 4 de diciembre de 2016 los italianos fueron llamados a participar, a través de la votación, en el <em>referéndum</em> concerniente una ley constitucional que (en caso de resultado positivo), habría modificado de manera radical el ordenamiento constitucional italiano. Entre las múltiples modificaciones que la reforma quería introducir, se enfocan lo significativos cambios que la misma habría producido en materia de procedimiento legislativo. En efecto, al final de la reforma, el sistema parlamentario italiano habría cambiado, transitando desde el llamado “bicameralismo paritario” hasta un sistema monocameral “asimétrico o diferenciado”. En consecuencia, habría cambiado el procedimiento legislativo, estructurándose en múltiples procedimientos, o variantes procedimentales, de los cuales se describe la disciplina, haciendo hincapié sobre algunos relevantes aspectos problemáticos. Se subraya, también, que la reforma, a través de la modificación del procedimiento legislativo, junto con la nueva disciplina constitucional de los decretos-leyes y de la nueva repartición de las competencias normativas entre el Estado y las Regiones, habría producido cambios importantes sobre las mismas características de las leyes y de los actos con fuerza de ley. En conclusión, se plantean las posibles razones, políticas y jurídicas, que han llevado al resultado negativo del <em>referendum</em> constitucional.</p><p>On December 4, 2016, Italians were called upon a <em>referendum</em> to approve a constitutional law that would (if successful) radically change the Italian constitutional system. Among the many changes that the reform intended to pursue, we are focusing on the significant changes it would bring in the legislative procedure. As a result of the reform, in fact, the Italian parliamentary system would be changed, passing from "bicameralism equal" to a "asymmetric or differentiated" monocameral system. Consequently, the legislative process would have changed, articulating into multiple procedures or procedural variants, of which the discipline is described, focusing on some relevant problematic profiles. It should also be noted that the reform, with the modification of the legislative procedure, together with the new constitutional discipline of the decree-law and the new division of normative competences between the State and the Regions, would have produced important changes in the features of laws and acts with force of law. Finally, we are questioning about the possible reasons, policies and legal issues, that have led to the negative outcome of the constitutional <em>referendum</em><em>.</em></p>

scholarly journals En dynamisk kulturarv – Dybbøls 12 metamorfoser

1970 ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Inge Andriansen
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Large Mass ◽  
Mass Graves ◽  
North East ◽  
The World ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Many

Dybbøl is the brow of a hill located about 30 km north-east of the border between Denmark and Germany. This area was once the former Danish Duchy of Schleswig, which was under German rule in the period from 1864 to 1920. Dybbøl was also the site of intense fighting during the Schleswig-Holstein Revolt of 1848–50 and the Danish-German War of 1864. There are remains of both Danish and German fortifications and earthworks, along with large mass graves in which troops from Denmark, Schleswig-Holstein and Germany lie buried. After a plebiscite about the placing of the border was held in 1920, Schleswig was divided up, and the northern part – which included Dybbøl – became part of Denmark. This was followed by a comprehensive ”Danishification” of the cultural landscape, which had previously been dominated by a large Prussian victory monument and numerous German memorial stones. A Danish national park was set up at Dybbøl in 1924, with the backing of the local population and financial sup- port from a national collection appeal, and formally opened by the Danish prime minister. After this, Dybbøl became the epitome of the institutionalised cultural heritage of the state of Denmark, and would almost certainly be included in any ”cultural canon” of the most significant geographical locations that have helped shape the Danish sense of national identity. However, Dybbøl also features another – less comfortable – aspect of the Danish cultural heritage, bearing witness to Danish acts of vandalism perpetrated against the German monuments found here. Any study of the use of the history associated with Dybbøl uncovers layer upon layer of episodes that speak of conflicting interests and countless metamorphoses that led to the site being imbued with new values and a sequence of new identities. And in step with the resurgence of nationalist sentiments in Denmark since the mid-1980s, there has been a corresponding, strengthened re-annexation of the cultural heritage associated with Dybbøl. The need to cling on to and retain establis- hed, familiar positions and a fundamental sense of belonging are well-known aspects of the process of globalisation, and are seen throughout the world. In Dybbøl, this deep-felt need has resulted in the construction of a Danish fortification, and the Danish flag flying atop the many flagpoles has become more frequent sight. This process can also be interpreted as an expression of Danish foreign policy taking on a more active role in the world.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 on Socio-Religious Integration in Developing Countries: A Case Study of India and Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
Nusrat Bano ◽  
Ghulam Mustafa ◽  
Anwar Ali
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Cooperative Behavior ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Equality Rights ◽  
The Social ◽  
Set Up

Purpose: Integrity is pre-requisite for the prosperity and development of the society. Stable integration is the sign of justice, equality, rights and duties which provides tolerated society and religious inclusion. But, developing countries still have many challenges to stabilize their socio-religious integration due to non-cooperative behavior among different segments of the society, lack of politico-religious tolerance and less socio-economic development. The other factors responsible are poor educational and health system, weak social institution, marginalized segments of society, absences of culture of welfare state. Likewise, in India, communal conflicts remain present in every time as well as Pakistan faces sectarian tension and in both countries, religious norms and attitudes are used for political purposes. Similarly, both countries have the challenges of inequality and injustices within their communities. Design/Methodology/Approach: The qualitative techniques have been applied in this research. Date has been collected from Secondary and Primary Sources. Findings: Economic development is necessary for the development of the social prosperity without it socio-religious integration is a dream. Implications/Originality/Value: The epidemic COVID-19 has challenged the socio-religiosity of the developing countries which affected the socio-economic and religious set up of these countries ruthlessly.

Logic of many-sorted theories

1952 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Identity Relation ◽  
Predicate Calculus ◽  
Axiomatic Theory ◽  
Quantification Theory ◽  
System 2 ◽  
Usual Theory ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Many ◽  
Axiomatic Systems

Certain axiomatic systems involve more than one category of fundamental objects; for example, points, lines, and planes in geometry; individuals, classes of individuals, etc. in the theory of types or in predicate calculi of orders higher than one. It is natural to use variables of different kinds with their ranges respectively restricted to different categories of objects, and to assume as substructure the usual quantification theory (the restricted predicate calculus) for each of the various kinds of variables together with the usual theory of truth functions for the formulas of the system. An axiomatic theory set up in this manner will be called many-sorted. We shall refer to the theory of truth functions and quantifiers in it as its (many-sorted) elementary logic, and call the primitive symbols and axioms (including axiom schemata) the proper primitive symbols and proper axioms of the system. Our purpose in this paper is to investigate the many-sorted systems and their elementary logics.Among the proper primitive symbols of a many-sorted system Tn (n = 2, …, ω) there may be included symbols of some or all of the following kinds: (1) predicates denoting the properties and relations treated in the system; (2) functors denoting the functions treated in the system; (3) constant names for certain objects of the system. We may either take as primitive or define a predicate denoting the identity relation in Tn.

scholarly journals “Quality not Quantity”

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Berry
Keyword(s):  
Children's Literature ◽  
Oral History ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Professional Collaboration ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Small Press ◽  
History Of ◽  
Set Up

This article takes as its subject the project of British author and editor Aidan Chambers to set up a small press dedicated to publishing modern European children’s literature in translation, 1988–92. Positioned within Gideon Toury’s framework of Descriptive Translation Studies, this paper outlines the history of the firm and its founding ideology to publish children’s literature “with a difference” for a British audience. As a result, preliminary norms (relating to text, author and translator selection) and operational norms (relating to translation strategies) for four novels by Maud Reuterswärd, Peter Pohl and Tormod Haugen are identified and analyzed. Fundamental to the article’s methodology is the use of bibliographical, archival and oral history primary sources. The principal focus of research interest is Chambers’ use of language consultants in addition to his commissioned translators in an unusual and sometimes challenging professional collaboration of editor-translator-consultant within a Nordic-British setting.

American Soldiers and Okinawan Women

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Etsuko Takushi Crissey
Keyword(s):  
Vietnam War ◽  
Biracial Children ◽  
Civilian Leaders ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Intimate Relations ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Time ◽  
The U.S

In September, 1945, with most Okinawans still in refugee camps, the U.S. military ordered elections for civilian leaders in which women were granted the right to vote for the first time, seven months earlier than in mainland Japan. Yet they were far more concerned about the many rapes committed by American soldiers. Women and girls were abducted from fields while searching for food, dragged away from their homes, and assaulted in front of their families. After months of inaction, the U.S. military decided to set up “special amusement areas” for prostitution in certain towns. Some Okinawans favoured this policy as a “breakwater” to protect women and children of “good” families, while others opposed it as exploitation of women. In 1967, at the peak of the Vietnam War, an estimated 10,000 women engaged in prostitution. In 1948 the U.S. military rescinded a ban on marriages between U.S. soldiers and Okinawan women that failed to prevent couples from having intimate relations and living together. Still, commanding officers pressured soldiers not to marry, threatening disciplinary transfers. By 1967, among thousands of biracial children in Okinawa, about half were raised by mothers or their relatives with little or no financial support from fathers.

Challenges of Civil Military Cooperation/Coordination in Humanitarian Relief

2013 ◽  
pp. 399-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Heaslip
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
Disaster Relief ◽  
Aid Workers ◽  
Humanitarian Organizations ◽  
Military Forces ◽  
Working Together ◽  
The Media ◽  
Interagency Relationships ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Many

The term civil military coordination (CIMIC) suggests the seamless division of labor between aid workers and international military forces. The images of humanitarian organizations distributing food and medicines under the protection of military forces, or aid workers and military working together to construct refugee camps, set up field hospitals, provide emergency water and sanitation, et cetera, has become more frequent. The media coverage from crises such as New Orleans, Kosovo, the tsunami in Asia, Pakistan, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Chad, and more recently Haiti and Japan, has heightened the expectation of a smooth interaction between humanitarian organizations and military forces. Due to fundamental differences between international military forces, humanitarian and development organizations (in terms of the principles and doctrines guiding their work, their agendas, operating styles, and roles), the area of civil military coordination in disaster relief has proven to be more difficult than other interagency relationships. This chapter will identify the many factors that render integration and collaboration problematic between diverse organizations, and especially so between civilian and military agencies. The chapter will conclude with proposals to improve CIMIC within disaster relief.

Pandora’s Blocks

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-30
Author(s):  
Jack Parkin
Keyword(s):  
Short History ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Political Economies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Technical Functions ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Many

Chapter 1 opens the lid on Bitcoin so that all of its attributes, problems, and connotations come spilling out. At the same time, it pulls these disparate strands back into focus by outlining the many discrepancies examined in subsequent chapters. So while in some ways the chapter acts like a primer for cryptocurrencies, blockchains, and their political economies, the material laid out works to set up the book’s underlying argument: asymmetric concentrations of power inevitably form though processes of algorithmic decentralisation. In the process, a short history of Bitcoin introduces some of its key stakeholders as well as some of its core technical functions.

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