scholarly journals Endodontic Biofilm - An Enigma to the dentist : A review article

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aashima Puri ◽  
Jyoti Nagpal ◽  
Mayank Mall ◽  
Pinki Narwal ◽  
Deepti Garg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Immunological Methods ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Infected Root ◽  
Actinomyces Species ◽  
Canal Systems ◽  
Infected Root Canal

Biofilm can be defined as a sessile multi-cellular microbial community characterized by cells that are firmly attached to a surface and enmeshed in a self produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances.1,2 These are very prevalent in the apical root canals of teeth with primary and post-treatment apical periodontitis.3 It can be categorised as intracanal biofilms, extra radicular biofilms, periapical biofilms and biomaterial centered infections.4 The infected root canal harbors a polymicrobial population of aerobic, anaerobic, Gram-positive, and Gram-negative bacteria in a biofilm mode of growth. Bacterias involved are E. faecalis, Coagulase–negative Staphylococcus, S. aureus, Streptococci, P.aeruginosa, fungi, F. nucleatum, P. gingivalis, T. forsythensis, Actinomyces species and P. Propionicum. These are commonly isolated by culture, microscopy, immunological methods and molecular biology methods.3 The microbial communities grown in biofilm are remarkably difficult to eradicate with antimicrobial agents. Therefore, different antimicrobials ranging from antimicrobial irrigants to advanced antimicrobial methods such as lasers, photoactivated disinfection, and nanoparticles are employed in the management of infected root canal systems.4

scholarly journals Prevalence, virulence and antifungal activity of C. albicans isolated from infected root canals

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheela B. Abraham ◽  
Farah al Marzooq ◽  
Wan Harun Himratul-Aznita ◽  
Hany Mohamed Aly Ahmed ◽  
Lakshman Perera Samaranayake
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Infected Root ◽  
Dental Hospital ◽  
Canal Systems ◽  
Infected Root Canal ◽  
Genotype A

Abstract Background There is limited data on the prevalence of Candida species in infected root canal systems of human teeth. We attempted to investigate the prevalence, genotype, virulence and the antifungal susceptibility of Candida albicans isolated from infected root canals of patients with primary and post-treatment infections in a UAE population. Methods Microbiological samples from 71 subjects with infected root canals were aseptically collected, and cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar, and C. albicans was identified using multiplex polymerase chain reaction, and the isolates were further subtyped using ABC genotyping system. Their relative virulence was compared using further four archival samples of endodontic origin from another geographical region, and four more salivary isolates, as controls. The virulence attributes compared were biofilm formation, and production of phospholipase and haemolysin, and the susceptibility to nystatin, amphotericin B, ketoconazole, and fluoconazole was also tested. Results 4 out of 71 samples (5.6%) yielded Candida species. On analysis of variance among the groups, the intracanal isolates, mainly Genotype A, possessed a high degree of phospholipase and haemolysin activity (p < 0.05). The UAE and Finland isolates were stronger biofilm formers and had superior phospholipase production capacity compared with the salivary isolates. All isolates were sensitive to the antifungal chemicals used. The salivary isolates were more sensitive to fluoconazole compared to other groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of C. albicans in infected root canals of patients attending a dental hospital in UAE is low. The strains isolated were good biofilm formers, possessed strong phospholipase and haemolysin activity and were mostly of the genotype A. The fact that the root canal isolates possessed significant hydrolase activity, imply that they are equipped with virulence attributes necessary for survival within a harsh intracanal ecosystem.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Properties of Bioceramic Materials in Endodontics

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 7594
Author(s):  
Zhejun Wang ◽  
Ya Shen ◽  
Markus Haapasalo
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Infected Root ◽  
Root Canal System ◽  
Dental Applications ◽  
Infected Root Canal

Microbes are prevalent in the root canals of necrotic teeth, and they are the cause of primary and post-treatment apical periodontitis. Bacteria can dwell within the infected root canal system as surface-adherent biofilm structures, which exhibit high resistance to antimicrobial agents. Bioceramic materials, with their biocompatible nature and excellent physico-chemical properties, have been widely used in dental applications, including endodontics. This review focuses on the application of bioceramic technology in endodontic disinfection and the antibiofilm effects of endodontic bioceramic materials. Different bioceramic materials have shown different levels of antibiofilm effects. New supplements have emerged to potentially enhance the antibiofilm properties of bioceramics aiming to achieve the goal of microbial elimination in the root canal system.

scholarly journals Fracture of endodontic instruments - Part 1: Literature review on factors that influence instrument breakage

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 553-563
Author(s):  
Maheshan Pillay ◽  
Martin Vorster ◽  
Peet J Van der Vyver
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
Endodontic Treatment ◽  
Risk Of Fracture ◽  
Periapical Lesions ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Infected Root ◽  
Infected Root Canal

Instrument fracture is a serious complication during endodontic treatment of teeth, having an adverse effect on the outcome of the nickel titanium (NiTi) treatment, especially if the fracture prevents apical access to the infected root canal. Despite the advent of NiTi files, the risk of fracture during the endodontic preparation of root canals, especially in severely curved canals, remains a serious concern. The fracture of NiTi files during preparation may result in a compromised prognosis for the tooth. In the presence of periapical lesions, instrument fracture may reduce the chances of successful healing.

scholarly journals Bacterial aggregation in infected root canal

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amela Lačević ◽  
Nurija Bilalović ◽  
Aida Kapić
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Endodontic Treatment ◽  
Periapical Lesion ◽  
Microscope Examination ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Bacterial Aggregation ◽  
Infected Root ◽  
Staining Methods ◽  
Infected Root Canal ◽  
Microbial Morphotypes

The aim of this study was to investigate different microbial morphotypes in the root canal infection associated with chronic diffuse periapical lesion. In forty cases of asymptomatic teeth with radiographically diagnosed diffuse periapical lesion we took specimens of infected tissue from the root canals at the beginning of endodontic treatment. Fixation and four different staining methods of the specimens were obtained to provide microscope examination. All examined root canal specimens were heavily infected by bacteria. The most commonly identified were cocci 92 %, small mostly G+ diplococci and large G+cocci in clusters and grapelike groups, bacilli found in 67%, coccobacilli 37%, fungi 17%, and spirochetes in 5%.

Yeasts in Apical Periodontitis

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.M.T. Waltimo ◽  
B.H. Sen ◽  
J.H. Meurman ◽  
D. Ørstavik ◽  
M.P.P. Haapasalo
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Root Apex ◽  
Apical Periodontitis ◽  
Dentinal Tubules ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Infected Root ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Oral Candida ◽  
Almost All

Microbiological reports of apical periodontitis have revealed that yeasts can be isolated from approximately 5-20% of infected root canals. They occur either in pure cultures or together with bacteria. Almost all isolated yeasts belong to the genus Candida, and the predominant species is C. albicans. Pheno- and genotypic profiles of C. albicans isolates show heterogeneity comparable with those of isolates from other oral sites. C. albicans expresses several virulence factors that are capable of infecting the dentin-pulp complex, including dentinal tubules. This causes, consequentially, an inflammatory response around the root apex, which suggests a pathogenic role for this organism in apical periodontitis. Yeasts are particularly associated with persistent root canal infections that do not respond favorably to conservative root canal therapy. This may be due to the resistance of all oral Candida species against a commonly used topical medicament, calcium hydroxide. However, other antimicrobial agents may offer alternative therapeutic approaches and improve the treatment of these persistent cases of apical periodontitis.

Pemilihan medikamen intrakanal antar kunjungan yang rasional

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Indrya Kirana Mattulada
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Endodontic Treatment ◽  
Infected Root ◽  
Infected Root Canal

Bacteria and their products play a fundamental role in the initiation, propagation andpersistence of pulpal and periradicular diseases. Consequently one of the major goalsof endodontic treament is to eliminate all bacteria from the root canal space.Elimination of microorganism from infected root canal is a complicated task.Numerous measures have been described to reduce the numbers of root canalmicroorganism, including the use of various instrumentation techniques, irrigationregimens, and intracanal medication. In endodontic treatment, there are severalmedicament used traditionally. They are phenolic, aldehyde, halogen, calciumhydroxide, and antibiotic. The aim of this paper is to discuss about indication,contraindication and effect of each medicament.

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