scholarly journals INCREMENT DIFFERENCES OF SILVER BIRCH BETULA PENDULA ROTH AND DOWNY BIRCH B. PUBESCENS EHRH. GROWING IN DRAINED SOILS IN SOUTH LATVIA

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagnija BĒRZIŅA ◽  
Olga MIEZĪTE ◽  
Jeļena RŪBA ◽  
Linards SISENIS ◽  
Imants LIEPA
Keyword(s):  
Computer Software ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Silver Birch ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Growing Stock ◽  
Service Information ◽  
Downy Birch ◽  
Growth Differences ◽  
Timber Market

According to State Forest Service information for the year 2016 birch occupied 30% of whole forest area (3.38 million ha). Although between these two species have dendrological differences, however in forest inventory it is not taken into account. There is also a variety of wood properties which are not respected in the timber market. The aim of this research study is to analyze growth differences between both birch growing in the same conditions. For collecting of empirical data 2 sample plots were created. Selected stands have been regenerated naturally and 2 times repeatedly drained. The forest stand investigated is 65 years old mixed stand dominated by birch which makes up 90 % of total growing stock. In each plot for all the trees have been measured diameter, height and using Pressler borer have been taken core samples. The widths of tree rings have been measured using Lin TAB system microscope and computer software T-Tools Pro. Analyzing the dynamics of diameter and height growth in both sample plots it has been observed that silver birch shows higher values than downy birch (p<0.05). In the last 30 years both birch species show systematic reduction of the annual increment. Decrease of height growth for both birch species in Vacciniosa mel. - 0.26-0.66 m. Decrease of B.pendula height growth in Vacciniosa turf. mel. - 0.39-0.70 m while B.pubescens - 0.39-0.80 m. Decrease of the stem diameter at breast height (DBH) of B.pendula - 2.7-7.5 mm while DBH of B.pubescens - 2.7-5.9 mm.

scholarly journals TREE DIAMETER GROWTH FOLLOWING SILVICULTURAL TREATMENTS IN A SEMI-DECIDUOUS SECONDARY FOREST IN CENTRAL BRAZIL

CERNE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio Venturoli ◽  
Augusto César Franco ◽  
Christopher William Fagg
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Silvicultural Treatments ◽  
Timber Market

In the Cerrado biome of Brazil, savannas and dry forests are intimately linked and form mosaics. These forests are composed of species of high commercial value, well accepted in the timber market, which causes intensive deforestation on the remaining vegetation. Thus, the management of these forests is an important alternative to reduce deforestation in the remaining vegetation. The objective of this study was to analyze the response of tree species in relation to silvicultural treatments of competition and liana cutting in a semi-deciduous forest in Central Brazil. The results showed that community basal area increased 24% over 4.8 years and the median periodic annual increment in diameter was about 20% higher in plots with silvicultural treatments: 2.9 mm.yr-1 in the control compared to 3.2 mm.yr-1 to 3.6 mm.yr-1 between treatments. This study demonstrated that it is possible to increase the rates of radial growth through silvicultural techniques.

scholarly journals Using Continuous Forest Inventory Data for Control of Wood Production and Use in Large Areas: A Case Study in Lithuania

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1039
Author(s):  
Andrius Kuliešis ◽  
Albertas Kasperavičius ◽  
Gintaras Kulbokas ◽  
Andrius A. Kuliešis ◽  
Aidas Pivoriūnas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Forest Inventory ◽  
National Forest Inventory ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Permanent Sample Plots ◽  
Growing Stock ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Forest Use

Background and Objectives: Significant progress in developing European national forest inventory (NFI) systems could ensure accurate evaluations of gross annual increment (GAI) and its components by employing direct measurements. However, the use of NFI data is insufficient for increasing the efficiency of forest management and the use of wood, as well as for meeting sustainable forestry needs. Specification of forest characteristics, such as GAI and its components, identification of the main factors that impact forest growth, accumulation of wood, and natural losses are among the key elements promoting the productivity of forest stands and possibilities of rational use of wood in large forest areas. The aims of this research were (a) to validate the quality of forest statistics provided by a standwise forest inventory (SFI) and (b) to reveal the potential benefits of rational wood use at the country level through the analysis of forest management results, which are based on GAI, including its components derived from the NFI. Materials and Methods: SFI and NFI data from 1998–2017 were collected from 5600 permanent sample plots and used to evaluate the main forest characteristics. Potential wood use was estimated based on the assumption that 50–70% of the total GAI is accumulated for final forest use. Results: Mean growing stock volume (GSV) is underestimated by 7–14% on average in the course of SFI. Therefore, continuous monitoring of the yield changes in forest stands, detection of factors negatively affecting yield and its accumulation, and regulation of these processes by silviculture measures could increase potential forest use in Lithuania. Conclusions: Implementation of sample-based NFI resulted in an improvement of forest characteristics and led to an increase in GSV and GAI. Continuously gathered data on GAI and its components are a prerequisite for efficient forest management and control of the use of wood.

Growth Intercept Methods for Predicting Site Index in Red Pine Plantations in the Allegheny Plateau of Ohio

1990 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Brown ◽  
Charles A. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Site Index ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Site Quality ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Old Field ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Allegheny Plateau ◽  
Growth Intercept

Abstract Growth intercept (GI) techniques were evaluated for estimating site quality in red pine stands planted on old-field sites in the unglaciated Western and Central Allegheny Plateau regions of Ohio. Correlations between height growth of trees below breast height (BH) and height growth above BH were not statistically significant. Site index estimates were made using age at BH and height from BH to the growing tip. Three-year and 5-year growth beginning three internodes above the BH annual increment and 10-year growth beginning one internode above BH were more significantly correlated with height than were intercepts beginning at BH. In equations developed for predicting site index, 3-, 5-, and 10-year intercepts in combination with age accounted for 64 to 80% of the variation in tree heights. Combining thickness of the A soil horizon with GI and age statistically increased the variation accounted for in the 3- and 5-year GI equations; however, for field use, the improvement in accuracy was not sufficient to justify making the additional soil measurement. North. J. Appl. For. 7(1):27-30, March 1990.

scholarly journals Effects of Predicted Reduced Summer Rainfall on Growth and Development of Silver Birch (Betula Pendula Roth) and Downy Birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh)

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 28-44
Author(s):  
Dhirendar Kumar Pradhan ◽  
Christine Cahalan ◽  
Sunita Ulak
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Betula Pubescens ◽  
Silver Birch ◽  
Betula Pendula Roth ◽  
Downy Birch ◽  
Betula Pubescens Ehrh

Climate is one of the major factors that govern the distribution of tree species. Climate change has already affected the growth, structure and distribution of trees and woodlands. Global climate change projections are wetter winters, drier summers and significance changes in temperature regimes in the next few decades. The main objective of this study was to experimentally demonstrate the effects of decline in summer rainfall, as predicted by UKCP09/IPCC, on height and diameter growth in two co-occurring silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) and downy birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh) and provide further understanding of the changes in growth and development in response to a decrease in water availability. One-year-old seedlings were grown in a temperature-controlled greenhouse for eight weeks in a split-plot experimental design. Their height and diameter were measured and analyzed. Result showed that plant height and diameter was significantly reduced with increased water stress. B. pendula showed higher physiological traits indicating that this species can perform better than B. pubescensin water-deficit conditions.

Forestry Working Groups/Groupes du travail: The Forests and the New Forest Injury in the Federal Republic of Germany

1985 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-267
Author(s):  
J. Holowacz
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Federal Republic ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Growing Stock ◽  
Working Groups ◽  
New Forest ◽  
Individual Trees

The new forest injury in the Federal Republic of Germany is defined as a complex disease caused by a multiplicity of factors in which air pollution plays a major role. Since 1982, one reconnaissance and two comprehensive forest injury inventories have been carried out. The data from the latest (1984) inventory show that over 50% of the country's forested area has been affected by this new forest injury. Conifers tend to be more severely affected than hardwoods, and trees older than 60 years are more likely to be injured than the younger ones. The consequences of the injury are manifesting themselves in a drastic reduction of growth as well as mortality of, so far, individual trees. A forced removal of "calamity timber" is resulting in the creation of unplanned openings and a distortion of age class distribution. A further spread of the injury, both in area and intensity, will make the Federal Republic even more dependent on foreign timber supplies and in the process, change the appearance of the German landscape. Key words: Actual cut, air pollution, employment in forestry, Federal Republic of Germany, forest fires, forest injuries, growing stock, mean annual increment, "Waldsterben".

scholarly journals Results of 20 years old Douglas-fir provenance experiment established on the northern slopes of Rila Mountain in Bulgaria

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 394-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.B. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Provenance Trial ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Growing Stock ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Dominant Height ◽  
Seed Zone ◽  
Stock Volume ◽  
Mean Annual Increment

The purpose of this study is to facilitate the detection of provenances relevant to the reforestation practice in Bulgaria. Studies were carried out in a Douglas-fir provenance trial plantation established at an altitude of 800 m a.s.l. on the northern slopes of Rila Mountain. To establish the productivity, assess the stands and rank provenances biometric procedures, methods of descriptive statistics and ANOVA were used. The diameter at breast height, average height, dominant height, total growing stock volume, assortment timber structure and survival of trees were analyzed in the stands of 55 Douglas-fir provenances. The provenances were characterized in terms of productivity of forest stands at 20 years of age and their ability to produce high quality timber was evaluated. Provenances: Newhalem No. 4 (Seed zone 402), Darrington No. 7 (Seed zone 403), Parkdale No. 19 (Seed zone 661) and Idanha No. 29 (Seed zone 452) have been recommended. Among the recommended provenances are those with growing stock volume with branches from 296 to 354 m<sup>3</sup>&middot;ha<sup>&ndash;1</sup>, mean annual increment from 14.8 to 17.7 m<sup>3</sup>&middot;ha<sup>&ndash;1</sup> and dominant heights of up to 17.9 m. &nbsp;

Differences in growth and gas exchange between southern and northern provenances of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) in northern Europe

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antti Tenkanen ◽  
Sarita Keski-Saari ◽  
Jarkko Salojärvi ◽  
Elina Oksanen ◽  
Markku Keinänen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Silver Birch ◽  
Short Shoot ◽  
Photosynthetic Gas Exchange ◽  
Betula Pendula Roth ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency

Abstract Due to its ubiquity across northern latitudes, silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) is an attractive model species for studying geographical trait variation and acclimation capacity. Six birch provenances from 60 to 67°N across Finland were grown in a common garden and studied for provenance and genotype variation. We looked for differences in height growth, photosynthetic gas exchange and chlorophyll content index (CCI) and compared the gas exchange of early and late leaves on short and long shoots, respectively. The provenances stratified into southern and northern groups. Northern provenances attained less height growth increment and had higher stomatal conductance (gs) and lower intrinsic water-use efficiency (WUE, Anet/gs) than southern provenances, whereas net photosynthesis (Anet) or CCI did not show clear grouping. Short shoot leaves had lower gs and higher WUE than long shoot leaves in all provenances, but there was no difference in Anet between shoot types. The separation of the provenances into two groups according to their physiological responses might reflect the evolutionary history of B. pendula. Latitudinal differences in gas exchange and water use traits can have plausible consequences for global carbon and water fluxes in a warming climate.

Forests of the USSR

1985 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 366-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Holowacz
Keyword(s):  
Forest Resources ◽  
European Part ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Ural Mountains ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Growing Stock ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Stock Volume ◽  
Mean Annual Increment

The USSR has the world's richest endowment of forest resources. Its total growing stock volume accounts for over 22% and that of conifers for over 53% of the world's totals. Relative to Canada, the USSR is 2.2 times larger in area, has roughly 3 times the forested land and its growing stock is 3.7 times larger. The volume of Soviet growing stock in larch alone is slightly larger than Canada's total. Forests occupy over 36% of the USSR and about 55% of this is considered accessible. Over 60% of the growing stock volume is mature and overmature. Most of the forest resources are east of the Ural Mountains. The Uralo-European part, which supports 74% of the population, accounts for 25.5% of the forested area and 27.3% of the growing stock. Fifty-one percent of the total allowable cut in the accessible and potentially accessible forests is utilized, but only 39% of the total wood volume on all the forested land. Only 35% of the total mean annual increment is utilized. Currently, the USSR regenerates annually an area larger than it clearcuts. Establishment of highly efficient spruce monocultures in close proximity to the existing pulp and paper mills in the Uralo-European part of the country is strongly emphasized. Key words: Accessibility, actual cut, allowable cut, forest land, forest regeneration forest resourses inventory, geographical distribution, growing stock, mean annual increment, species, tenure, USSR.

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