scholarly journals Old Forests from Dobrogea’s Plateau

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-178
Author(s):  
Emilia Vechiu ◽  
Lucian Dinca ◽  
Iuliana Gabriela Breabăn
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Diameter Structure ◽  
Long Life ◽  
Tilia Tomentosa ◽  
Broad Leaved Species

From the oldest times, the forest has been the main food, shelter and energy source, playing an essential role in the development of human societies. Old stands are characterized by their long life, large heights and diameters and by their help in conserving biodiversity. The surfaces occupied by old stands have decreased lately because of their wood mass high value which leads to exploitation. This is furthermore coupled with climate changes, urbanization and human influences. These stands occupy a surface of 128.500 ha in the forests from Dobrogea’s Plateau, where broad-leaved species are preponderant (Quercus sp., Fraxinus ornus, Tilia tomentosa, Acer sp.). As such, the present paper intends to characterize the oldest stands from Dobrogea’s Plateau with the help of forest management plans realized during 1993-2007. The main characteristics analyzed in this study for stands older than 120 years were: location, surface, height, diameter, structure, forest type, soil type, altitude, exposition, slope and consistency. Stand older than 100 years occupy only 4% of the total surface and are composed of linden, brown oak and pedunculate oak which grow and develop on common luvisols.

scholarly journals p63 Is a Promising Marker in the Diagnosis of Unusual Skin Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 5781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artem Smirnov ◽  
Lucia Anemona ◽  
Flavia Novelli ◽  
Cristina M. Piro ◽  
Margherita Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Ozone Depletion ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Prognostic Markers ◽  
Common Type ◽  
P53 Family ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Different Types

Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide. Ozone depletion and climate changes might cause a further increase in the incidence rate in the future. Although the early detection of skin cancer enables it to be treated successfully, some tumours can evolve and become more aggressive, especially in the case of melanoma. Therefore, good diagnostic and prognostic markers are needed to ensure correct detection and treatment. Transcription factor p63, a member of the p53 family of proteins, plays an essential role in the development of stratified epithelia such as skin. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive review of p63 expression in different types of skin cancer and discuss its possible use in the diagnosis and prognosis of cutaneous tumours.

scholarly journals Pure stands of temperate forest tree species modify soil respiration and N turnover

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Brüggemann ◽  
P. Rosenkranz ◽  
H. Papen ◽  
K. Pilegaard ◽  
K. Butterbach-Bahl
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
Gross Nitrification ◽  
N Transformations ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Gross N Mineralization

Abstract. The effects of five different tree species common in the temperate zone, i.e. beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst), Japanese larch (Larix leptolepis [Sichold and Zucc.] Gordon) and mountain pine (Pinus mugo Turra), on soil respiration, gross N mineralization and gross nitrification rates were investigated. Soils were sampled in spring and summer 2002 at a forest trial in Western Jutland, Denmark, where pure stands of the five tree species of the same age were growing on the same soil. Soil respiration, gross rates of N mineralization and nitrification were significantly higher in the organic layers than in the Ah horizons for all tree species and both sampling dates. In summer (July), the highest rates of soil respiration, gross N mineralization and gross nitrification were found in the organic layer under spruce, followed by beech > larch > oak > pine. In spring (April), these rates were also higher under spruce compared to the other tree species, but were significantly lower than in summer. For the Ah horizons no clear seasonal trend was observed for any of the processes examined. A linear relationship between soil respiration and gross N mineralization (r2=0.77), gross N mineralization and gross nitrification rates (r2=0.72), and between soil respiration and gross nitrification (r2=0.81) was found. The results obtained underline the importance of considering the effect of forest type on soil C and N transformations.

scholarly journals The Contribution of Forests from Counties Located in Romania’s West Plain to The Area’s Long Lasting Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. p7
Author(s):  
Ilie-Cosmin Cantar ◽  
Lucian-Constantin Dinca
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
The West ◽  
Entire Surface ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Management Plans

The present paper reunites in an objective synthesis data from forest management plans realized in the West Plain during 1995-2008. The study focused on stands situated around cities and in their construction perimeter in order to emphasise their contribution to the area’s long lasting development. The paper’s importance derives from the fact that urban areas are in a continuous development that will incorporate heavily nearby forests. As such, through their functions, forests contribute to the long lasting development of the entire metropolitan area to which they belong. All forests from the West Plain were divided in stand elements (species of a certain age that belong to a forest’s composition). The study has taken into account all stand elements from the area that belongs to the forest category from around cities. The large number of these stand elements (2107) offers a solid base for the different realized analyses. The paper’s results show that from the entire surface of forests with recreation functions located in the West Plain, 4.670 ha are occupied by Forests from around counties, cities and villages as well as forests located in their construction perimeter. The most widespread species from this type of stand is pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.), which occupies 2072 ha. Forests from around cities from the West Plain are situated at altitudes between 80 and 400 m. The soils are predominantly common alvisol, while Arum-Pulmonaria is the most widespread flora. In the context of the long lasting development of urban areas with implications on nearby forests, the results and discussions of this article represent a first step towards knowing these forests and towards properly managing them in order to successfully fulfil their protection and recreational purposes.

Framework for facility management of bridge structures using digital twins

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Saback de Freitas Bello ◽  
Cosmin Popescu ◽  
Thomas Blanksvärd ◽  
Björn Täljsten
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Facility Management ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Entire Life ◽  
Entire Life Cycle ◽  
Digital Twins ◽  
Bridge Structures ◽  
Long Life

<p>The maturity of Digital Twin (DT) models has evolved in the aerospace and manufacturing industries; however, the construction industry still lags behind. DT technology can be applied to achieve smart management through the entire life cycle of structures. Particularly for bridge structures, which play an essential role in any transportation system and can have high maintenance demands throughout their long life spans. In this study, a literature review on DTs was performed, from the origins of the concept until current best practice focused on bridges. Especially concerning structural analysis and facility management, few studies that employ DT for bridges were encountered. The main challenges identified are related to treatment of the large amount of data involved in the process, mostly gathered from different platforms. Finally, a framework for smart facility management of bridges using DTs was proposed to tackle potential solutions.</p>

scholarly journals Free European data on forest distribution: overview and evaluation

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 447-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Trombik ◽  
T. Hlásny
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Species Area ◽  
Forest Maps ◽  
Total Forest Area ◽  
Forest Distribution ◽  
European Forest

A growing need for the evaluation of prospects and sustainability of forest resources calls for the availability of harmonized data on forest distribution. We described and evaluated nine datasets providing such information: Corine LandCover, four European forest maps and four tree species distribution maps. Apart from providing a condensed overview of these datasets, we focused on the match between selected forest maps and forest management plans (FMPs) of Slovakia, which can be thought of as highly accurate information on forest distribution. The degree of match between forest and species area, within 306 forest administrative districts of Slovakia, was used as an indicator of accuracy. In addition, the match between the total forest and species area in Slovakia, given by FMPs and by evaluated datasets, was addressed. We found a high degree of match for the datasets on forest distribution (R-square 0.77&ndash;0.93, depending on the dataset), as well as strong agreement in total forest area (&plusmn; 5%). Both indicators are worse in the case of forest type evaluation (coniferous and broadleaved). Poor results were obtained for tree species maps, which under- or overestimated species areas by tens of per cent, although differences were highly variable among species. The obtained results are valid mainly for temperate forests.

scholarly journals The Diatomic Diversity of Two Mediterranean High-Elevation Lakes in the Sibillini Mountains National Park (Central Italy)

Environments ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Rosalba Padula ◽  
Antonella Carosi ◽  
Alessandro Rossetti ◽  
Massimo Lorenzoni
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Management ◽  
National Park ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Heterogeneity ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Changes Over Time

Temporary high-elevation lakes represent vulnerable and unstable environments strongly threatened by tourism, hydrogeological transformations and climate changes. In-depth scientific knowledge on these peculiar habitats is needed, on which to base integrated and sustainable management plans. Freshwater diatoms, thanks to their high diversity and their particular sensitivity to the water chemistry, can be considered powerful ecological indicators, as they are able to reflect environmental changes over time. The aim of the present study was to analyze the diatomic diversity of the Pilato and Palazzo Borghese lakes, two small temporary high-mountain basins, falling in a protected area within the Apennine mountains chain (central Italy). Diatoms data were collected, at the same time as 12 physicochemical parameters, through six microhabitat samplings, from 17 June to 30 August 2019. In both lakes, a total of 111 diatomic species and varieties were identified. The most species-rich genera were Gomphonema, Navicula, and Nitzschia. The Pilato Lake showed a diatomic community dominated by few species, favored by more stable and predictable environmental conditions than the Palazzo Borghese Lake, which hosted a more diversified community, guaranteed by greater spatial and temporal heterogeneity. Both lakes were characterized by the presence of diatomic species typical of good quality waters. The occurrence of numerous aerial species reflected adaptation strategies adopted to colonize environments subjected to extended drought periods. Endangered diatomic species of particular conservational interest were recorded, confirming the need to preserve their habitats.

The importance of microhabitat factors and habitat stability to the threatened Louisiana pearl shell, Margaritifera hembeli (Conrad)

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D Johnson ◽  
Kenneth M Brown
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Water Velocity ◽  
Habitat Associations ◽  
Red River ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Long Life ◽  
Substrate Size ◽  
Abundance And Distribution

Margaritifera hembeli, the Louisiana pearl shell, is a threatened mussel with a distribution limited to the headwaters of three tributaries of the Red River in central Louisiana, U.S.A. We assessed the role that several habitat characters played in determining its abundance and distribution. Pearl shell mussels were more common in second-order streams with elevated conductivity (approximately 0.04 mS/cm) and water hardness (8 mg/L). A discriminant analysis indicated that mussel density was related to water depth, substrate size, substrate compaction, and water velocity. Mussels were rare in deep, stagnant pools with silt-covered bottoms, and were more common in shallow, wide areas of streams with higher current velocities and in sediments with larger particle sizes. Mussel beds were also more likely to occur in sections of the stream where the substrate was more stable through time. These habitat associations may occur because individuals that recruit into, or later select, more stable microhabitats, have an advantage owing to the relatively long life cycle of this mussel. We suggest that the measurement of microhabitat characteristics can be important when evaluating habitat preferences and management plans for endangered mussel species in headwater streams.

scholarly journals How Should Forests Be Characterized in Regard to Human Health? Evidence from Existing Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Bach Pagès ◽  
Josep Peñuelas ◽  
Jana Clarà ◽  
Joan Llusià ◽  
Ferran Campillo i López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Pressure Pulse ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Health Studies ◽  
Potential Use

The potential of forests as a source of health has been addressed by the scientific community and is now being considered in national forest strategies, management plans and policies. Studies identifying the mechanisms by which forest characteristics may induce these effects on human health are nevertheless scarce. This systematic review of literature on forests and human health with real-life human exposure was conducted to assess the extent to which forests have been studied and described in detail and the extent to which relationships between forest variables and health effects have been reported. The analysis underlines the lack of forest descriptions in 19.35% of the 62 studies selected for review as well as the high heterogeneity of forest variables’ description. Patterns among the articles could not be identified correlating the broader forest variable (forest type) and the most studied health variables identified (blood pressure, pulse rate or/and cortisol levels). These findings, together with previous ex situ researches, suggest the need to ameliorate and incorporate more accurate descriptions of forest variables within human health studies to provide data for forest management and the potential use of these habitats for preventive medicine and clinical practice guidelines.

Heterojunction Photocatalysts for Artificial Nitrogen Fixation: Fundamentals, Latest Advances and Future Perspectives

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiale Lee ◽  
Lling-Lling Tan ◽  
Siang-Piao Chai
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Ammonia Production ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
High Carbon

As an indispensable energy source, ammonia plays an essential role in agriculture and various industries. Given that the current ammonia production is still dominated by the energy-intensive and high carbon...

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