scholarly journals Clinicopathological significance of caspase-3 and Ki-67 expression in canine mammary gland tumours

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Rodrigues ◽  
Maria Isabel Carvalho ◽  
Isabel Pires ◽  
Justina Prada ◽  
Felisbina L. Queiroga
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Histological Grade ◽  
Tumour Size ◽  
Clinicopathological Parameters ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
Canine Mammary Gland ◽  
Active Caspase

Fifty canine mammary gland tumours (CMGT) (18 benign and 32 malignant) were studied by immunohistochemical detection of active caspase-3 and Ki-67 antigens in order to determine their association with several clinicopathological parameters. The percentage of caspase-3 positive cells was significantly higher in benign tumours as compared to their malignant counterparts (P ≤ 0.001). In the group of malignant tumours there was no significant association between active caspase-3 and the clinicopathological variables considered. The percentage of Ki- 67 positive cells was significantly higher in malignant tumours compared to the benign ones (P ≤ 0.001). In the group of malignant tumours, Ki-67 expression showed a statistically significant association with tumour size (P = 0.025), histological type (P = 0.010), mitotic grade (P ≤ 0.001), nuclear grade (P = 0.025), differentiation grade (P = 0.004), histological grade of malignancy (P = 0.002), and presence of metastases in regional lymph nodes (P = 0.025). Furthermore, this study revealed a negative correlation between the percentages of active caspase-3 and Ki-67 (r = –0.39; P = 0.04). Thus, our results suggest a loss of balance between cell death and cell division in CMGT. Key words: Apoptosis, caspase-3, Ki

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical Expression of Androgen Receptors (AR) in Various Breast Cancer Subtypes

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 1259-1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nour El Hoda S. Ismael ◽  
Rasha A. Khairy ◽  
Suzan M. Talaat ◽  
Fatima A. Abd El-Fattah
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Carcinoma ◽  
Androgen Receptors ◽  
Target Therapy ◽  
Tumour Size ◽  
Breast Cancer Subtypes ◽  
Clinicopathological Parameters ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Cancer Subtypes

BACKGROUND: Breast carcinoma ranks the first among malignant tumours in females and is the chief cause of cancer-related mortality. Androgen in implicated in the induction of proliferation and growth of mammary cells through binding to their corresponding receptors. Androgens influence the risk of acquiring breast cancer through either direct binding to androgen receptors (AR) or indirectly through their transformation to estradiol or competing for steroid binding proteins. AIM: To study the expression of AR in various breast cancer subtypes and to elucidate its clinical significance by correlating it with clinicopathological parameters. METHODS: One hundred and fifty breast cancer cases were studied using AR immunohistochemistry, and its expression was correlated with different clinicopathologic parameters and with ER, PR, Her-2/neu and Ki 67 expression. RESULTS: AR was expressed in 91 breast carcinoma cases out of 150 examined. There was a statistically significant correlation between AR expression and tumour size, mitotic count, tumour necrosis, infiltrative borders, the hormonal status of the tumour and subsequently luminal subtypes (p < 0.05). A subset of studied TNBC (34.6%) also expressed AR. On the other hand, there was no significant correlation between AR expression and other clinicopathological parameters. CONCLUSION: Positive AR immunostaining was associated with favourable prognostic factors and luminal subtypes (A&B). Also, a subset of TNBC cases showed positive AR expression. These results introduce the current potent, next-generation AR- antagonist as possible target therapy in breast cancer. Further researches on AR expression in breast cancer are recommended on a larger scale with follow up and survival to validate the current results.

Immunoreactivity of Ki-67/β-tubulin and immunocolocalization with active caspase-3 in rat dentate gyrus during postnatal development

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 10-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lirong Chang ◽  
Xuejuan Zhang ◽  
Weiya Liu ◽  
Yizhi Song ◽  
Xianghong Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Β Tubulin ◽  
Active Caspase

scholarly journals VEGF-B, VEGF-A, FLT-1, KDR, ERBB2, EGFR, GRB2, RAC1, CDH1 and HYAL-1 Genes Expression Analysis in Canine Mammary Gland Tumors and the Association with Tumor ClinicoPathological Parameters and Dog Breed Assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 212
Author(s):  
Simona Sakalauskaitė ◽  
Violeta Šaltenienė ◽  
Darja Nikitina ◽  
Rasa Ugenskienė ◽  
Vita Riškevičienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Clinicopathological Parameters ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
Mammary Gland Tumors ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Mixed Breed ◽  
Size Grade ◽  
Canine Mammary Gland

Canine mammary gland tumors (CMTs) are one of the most prevalent cancers in dogs and a good model for human breast cancer (BC), however gene expression analysis of CMTs is scarce. Although divergence of genes expression has been found in BC of different human races, no such research of different dog’s breeds has been done. The purpose of this study was to investigate expression of the VEGF-B, VEGF-A, FLT-1, KDR, ERBB2, EGFR, GRB2, RAC1, CDH1 and HYAL-1 genes of canine mammary carcinomas, compare the expression levels with clinicopathological parameters and analyze expression disparities between different breeds. Carcinomas and adjacent tissues were collected from female dogs to perform routine histopathology, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). We found that VEGF-B and EGFR genes were overexpressed in the mammary gland carcinomas compared to adjacent tissue. VEGF-B gene expression had associations with different parameters (tumor size, grade, and absence of metastasis). Furthermore, differences in VEGF-B, FLT1, ERBB2, GRB2, RAC1, CDH1 and HYAL-1 genes expression have been found in different breed dogs (German Shepherd, Yorkshire Terrier) and mixed-breed dogs indicating that a dog’s breed could determine a molecular difference, outcome of cancer and should be accounted as a confounding factor in the future gene expression research.

scholarly journals CD204-Expressing Tumor-Associated Macrophages Are Associated With Malignant, High-Grade, and Hormone Receptor–Negative Canine Mammary Gland Tumors

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byung-Joon Seung ◽  
Ha-Young Lim ◽  
Jong-Il Shin ◽  
Hyun-Woo Kim ◽  
Seung-Hee Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Hormone Receptor ◽  
Molecular Subtype ◽  
Histological Grade ◽  
Lymphatic Invasion ◽  
Tumor Associated Macrophages ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Obesity Indices ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Canine Mammary Gland

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are an important component of leukocyte infiltration in tumors. TAMs can be classified into M1 and M2 phenotypes. In the present study, the expression of CD204, an M2-polarized macrophage receptor, was investigated by immunohistochemistry in the area surrounding TAMs in 101 cases of canine mammary gland tumor (CMT). We examined the relationship between M2-polarized TAMs and malignancy, histological subtype, histological grade, molecular subtype, hormone receptor (HR) status, and clinical obesity indices. The mean number of CD204-positive macrophages was significantly higher in malignant CMTs than in benign CMTs ( P = .000). The number of CD204-positive macrophages differed significantly between histological grades ( P = .000) and were significantly higher in grade III than in grades I and II. Moreover, the mean number of CD204-positive macrophages was significantly higher in HR-negative malignant CMTs than in HR-positive malignant CMTs ( P = .035) and in malignant CMTs with lymphatic invasion compared to malignant CMTs without lymphatic invasion ( P = .000). These findings suggest that CD204-positive macrophages might affect the development and behavior of CMTs and highlight the potential of CD204 as a prognostic factor.

VEGFR-2 expression in malignant tumours of the canine mammary gland: a prospective survival study

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. e83-e92 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Santos ◽  
C. Lopes ◽  
F. Gärtner ◽  
A. J. F. Matos
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Survival Study ◽  
Canine Mammary Gland

scholarly journals Neuroendocrine Carcinomas of the Canine Mammary Gland: Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Yumi Ribeiro Nakagaki ◽  
Maíra Meira Nunes ◽  
Ana Paula Vargas Garcia ◽  
Marina De Brot ◽  
Geovanni Dantas Cassali
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Mitotic Index ◽  
Histological Grade ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Neuroendocrine Differentiation ◽  
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ◽  
Typical Carcinoid ◽  
Grade Ii ◽  
Canine Mammary Gland ◽  
Neuroendocrine Carcinomas

Invasive mammary carcinomas with neuroendocrine differentiation are rare in women and were reported only once in female dogs. For the present study, ten cases of solid mammary carcinoma positive for chromogramin A in immunohistochemistry were selected. Histopathological characteristics of these tumors were described and immunohistochemical evaluation was performed with chromogranin A, synaptophysin, CD56, NSE, PGP 9.5, pancitokeratin, Ki67, estrogen receptor (ER), and progesterone receptor (PR). The average animal age was 13.2 years old and the average tumor size was 4.8 cm. In total, 70% of the neoplasms were classified as grade III and 30% as grade II by the Nottingham histological grade system. High mitotic index was observed with a mean of 27.5 mitoses in 10 high magnification fields. Only one case showed typical carcinoid tumor characteristics. In addition, vascular invasion was shown in 3 tumors. All carcinomas were positive for chromogran A, while only two cases were reactive to synaptophysin. For PGP 9.2, NSE and CD56, we observed positivity of 100, 90, and 70%, respectively, in the samples, being that no tumor was positive for all the neuroendocrine markers. All neoplasms showed ER and PR in at least 10% of neoplastic cells, while Ki67 varied from 29 to 95%, with mean mitotic index of 67%. Four of the ten animals died within 1 year of the tumor diagnosis. Neuroendocrine neoplasms occur in the canine mammary gland and are propably underdiagnosed. This is due to their non-specific morphological characteristics and the low use of neuroendocrine immunohistochemistric markers the diagnostic routine. More studies are necessary to determine the prognosis of this new histological type.

scholarly journals First description of basaloid carcinoma of the canine mammary gland: case report

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 878-882
Author(s):  
K.Y.R. Nakagaki ◽  
A.B.B. Gonçalves ◽  
R.M. Rocha ◽  
G.D. Cassali
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Distant Metastasis ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
Basaloid Carcinoma ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Peripheral Cells ◽  
Canine Mammary Gland ◽  
Cytokeratin 14

ABSTRACT The objective of this case report was to describe histopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of the first reported basaloid carcinomas in the canine mammary gland. Two bitches were treated for tumors in the mammary gland and underwent mastectomy. Microscopic evaluation of these tumors revealed epithelial cells arranged in a predominantly solid pattern with hyperchromatic peripheral cells arranged in a palisade pattern. Metastases in regional lymph nodes were found in both animals, and one bitch exhibited pulmonary metastasis. Immunohistochemistry revealed positive labeling for the basal cell markers cytokeratin 14 and p63. Histopathological and immunohistochemical findings led to diagnoses of basaloid carcinoma of the canine mammary gland with regional and distant metastasis.

Clinicopathological characteristics of oestrogen receptor negative, progesterone receptor positive breast cancers: re-evaluating subsets within this group

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 320-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Salahuddin Ahmed ◽  
Aye Aye Thike ◽  
Kathryn Zhang ◽  
Jeffrey Chun Tatt Lim ◽  
Puay Hoon Tan
Keyword(s):  
Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
Histological Grade ◽  
Tumour Size ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Tissue Microarrays ◽  
Prognostic Indicator ◽  
Early Recurrence ◽  
Clinicopathological Parameters ◽  
Lymph Node Status ◽  
Breast Cancers

AimsThe presence of oestrogen and progesterone receptors (ER, PR) in breast carcinoma is an important prognostic indicator as well as a predictor of likely response to hormonal treatment. Current ambiguity surrounds ER-negative (–)/PR-positive (+) breast cancer (BC) as to whether this phenotype exists as a distinct entity. The independent predictive value of PR for treatment considerations is also in question, as some investigators believe ER status to be the single most important therapeutic predictive factor in BC. We undertook this study to determine the existence of ER(–)/PR(+) BC and the prognostic effect, if any, of this phenotype.MethodsWe investigated 267 archival documented ER(–)/PR(+) BCs diagnosed between January 1994 and July 2009. Histological slides were retrieved and reviewed. Tissue microarrays were constructed by selecting two 1 mm cores of tumour per case. Repeat immunohistochemistry was performed for confirmation of the ER(–)/PR(+) status. Clinicopathological parameters including age, ethnicity, tumour size, histological grade, histological subtype, associated ductal carcinoma in situ, lymphovascular invasion and lymph node status were evaluated.ResultsOn repeat immunohistochemistry, 92 tumours were confirmed as ER(–)/PR(+) BCs. This phenotype accounted for 1.1% of all BC phenotypes and exhibited different clinicopathological features and survival outcome when compared with other phenotypes. ER(–)/PR(+) tumours showed a trend for an early recurrence and poorer overall survival as compared with the patients with ER(+)/PR(+) tumours and similar to ER(–)/PR(–) tumours.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that ER(–)/PR(+) BCs exist, although rare, with distinct pathological and clinical characteristics from patients with ER(+)/PR(+) BCs.

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