scholarly journals The content of coumarin in the commercial samples of cinnamon bark and cinnamon-containing dietary supplements available on the Serbian market

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Drobac ◽  
J. Arsenijević ◽  
N. Kovačević
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Tolerable Daily Intake ◽  
Cinnamon Bark ◽  
Cinnamomum Cassia ◽  
Inner Bark ◽  
Ceylon Cinnamon ◽  
Medicinal Properties

Cinnamon bark is used worldwide due to its characteristic flavour and medicinal properties. Ceylon cinnamon or “true” cinnamon bark refers to the dried inner bark of the shoots of Cinnamomum verum J. Presl, originated from Sri Lanka. The bark of some other species of this genus, Cinnamomum cassia Blume (Chinese cinnamon), C. burmanni (Nees & T. Nees) Blume (Indonesian cinnamon), and C. loureiroi Nees (Saigon cinnamon) are also marketed and sold as cinnamon. They are characterised by a significantly higher amount of coumarin compared to Ceylon cinnamon bark. Since coumarin may be potentially hepatotoxic, the aim of this study was to determine coumarin level in commercial samples of cinnamon bark and in cinnamon-containing dietary supplements present on the Serbian market. HPLC analysis showed lowest coumarin content in Ceylon cinnamon bark samples (0.08-0.15 mg g-1), whereas other samples contained a significantly higher amounts of coumarin (1.38-5.80 mg g-1). Cinnamon based dietary supplements contained 0.007-1.19 mg coumarin/tablet. The obtained results indicate that the majority of commercial samples of cinnamon bark on the Serbian market do not originate from the Ceylon cinnamon but from other species of this genus, and that consumed amount of certain products should be taken into account since the tolerable daily intake of coumarin is limited.

scholarly journals Evaluation of coumarin content and essential oil constituents in Cinnamomum cassia (Nees & T. Nees) J. Presl.

1970 ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
A J Jose, N K Leela, T J Zachariah, J Rema
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Cinnamon Bark ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Cinnamomum Cassia ◽  
Animal Trials ◽  
Indian Origin ◽  
Commercial Sources ◽  
Food Safety Standards

The use of cinnamon bark from commercial sources has raised concerns globally, as it is widely adulterated with Cinnamomum cassia which possesses coumarin that is established as a hepatotoxic chemical in animal trials. The current study reveals the availability of C. cassia trees with high levels of cinnamaldehyde but low in coumarin. The estimated level of coumarin in three trees by HPLC analysis was found to be <100 mg kg-1 of dry bark which is below the stipulated upper levels put forth by the European Food Safety Authority and Food Safety Standards Authority of India. Considering the internationally accepted flavor of cassia oleoresin and the low coumarin levels, the C. cassia of Indian origin can be widely propagated and may be popularized along with C. verum.

Toxic Elements in Dried Milk and Evaluation of their Dietary Intake in Infant Formula

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Infant Formula ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Milk Formula ◽  
Tolerable Daily Intake ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Infant Foods ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Maximum Limit ◽  
Sensitive Group

Infant’s feeding patterns are important for development and growth; therefore babies are very sensitive to toxic elements, mainly through their food, so in the present study, the concentrations and daily intake of some Toxic Elements (TEs); Lead (Pb), Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Mercury (Hg) and Aluminum (Al) were measured in different and random 60 dried infant foods {30 infant formula (0-6 months) and 30 milk-cereal based infant formula (6 months)} which obtained from various supermarkets and pharmacies. The analysis was done using Inductive Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). It could be determined the lead, arsenic, cadmium, mercury and aluminum by mean values of 0.424±0.006, 0.205±0.003, 0.014±0.0001, 0.298±0.007and 0.464±0.029 mg/Kg in the examined infant milk formula samples and a ranged minimum to maximum concentrations of 0.114-0.177, 0.155-0.293, 0.014-0.015, 0.282-0.310 and 0.287-0.437 mg/kg, respectively in the examined milk-cereal based infant formula. Present study indicates that, the greater level of contamination of examined infant formula samples with toxic elements (lead and mercury) surpasses the maximum limit and Provisional Tolerable Daily Intake (PTDI) of these elements. Mercury is over PTDI (0.0005 mg/kg bw/day) in all milk-cereal based infant formula samples, also arsenic in all examined samples of this type of formula was exceed the maximum limit (0.05 mg/kg) of Indian standard. This investigation shows such types of infant formula need more amendment to set limit of more toxic metals for this sensitive group of population.

scholarly journals A Health Risk Assessment of Lead and Other Metals in Pharmaceutical Herbal Products and Dietary Supplements Containing Ginkgo biloba in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8285
Author(s):  
Patricia Rojas ◽  
Elizabeth Ruiz-Sánchez ◽  
Camilo Ríos ◽  
Ángel Ruiz-Chow ◽  
Aldo A. Reséndiz-Albor
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba ◽  
Graphite Furnace ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Herbal Products

The use of the medicinal plant Ginkgo biloba has increased worldwide. However, G. biloba is capable of assimilating both essential and toxic metals, and the ingestion of contaminated products can cause damage to health. The aim of this study was to investigate the safety of manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and cadmium (Cd) in 26 items containing Ginkgo biloba (pharmaceutical herbal products, dietary supplements, and traditional herbal remedies) purchased in the metropolitan area of Mexico City. Metal analysis was performed using a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer. All of the products were contaminated with Pb, 54% of them with As, and 81% with Cd. The lowest values of Pb, As, and Cd were detected in pharmaceutical herbal products > dietary supplements > traditional herbal remedies. The daily intake dose (DID) of pharmaceutical herbal products was within the established limits for the five metals. Dietary supplements and traditional herbal remedies exceeded the DID limits for Pb. The hazard quotients estimation and non-carcinogenic cumulative hazard estimation index for Mn, As, and Cd indicated no human health risk. Our results suggest that products containing G. biloba for sale in Mexico are not a health risk.

scholarly journals Pellavan siemenen laadun kehittäminen

2006 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna-Riitta Kymäläinen ◽  
Anna-Maija Sjöberg
Keyword(s):  
Daily Intake ◽  
Tolerable Daily Intake

Suomalaiset öljypellavayritykset ovat kiinnostuneita tuotteidensa laadun kehittämisestä. Helsingin yliopiston Agroteknologian laitoksessa luodun Laaturenkaan avulla on tutkittu ja arvioitu erilaisia laatuun vaikuttavia ominaisuuksia. Öljypellavan laadun kehittäminen on osana vuonna 2005 päättynyttä Agrokuituverkosto-hanketta. Tähän hankkeeseen osallistuivat Palmenia, Helsingin yliopiston Agroteknologian laitos sekä öljypellavayritykset.Osana Agrokuituverkoston toimintaa on vuosina 2004-2005 Helsingin yliopiston Agroteknologian laitoksen toteuttama kadmiumselvitys. Selvitystä varten yritykset toimittivat öljypellavanäytteitä kadmiumanalyyseihin. Mitattuja arvoja verrattiin kansainvälisiin pitoisuuksiin ja hyväksyttävästä päiväsaannista esitettiin arviot. Tulokseksi saadut kadmiumpitoisuudet ovat samaa tasoa kuin kansainvälisissä tutkimuksissa. Normaalilla suomalaisella ruokavaliolla pellavansiementä saa kadmiumin suhteen syödä turvallisesti suositellun määrän 24 g - 30 g. Suomalaisen pellavan kadmiumpitoisuus ei siis aiheuta normaaleilla päiväannoksilla (esim. 24 g pellavaa päivässä) erityistä riskiä, kun asiaa tarkastellaan nykyisen WHO:n asettaman PTDI-arvon (Provisional Tolerable Daily Intake) kannalta. Runsaskadmiumisen ruokavalion lisänä em. päiväannokset voivat olla liian suuret, jos käytetään korkean kadmiumpitoisuuden omaavaa pellavaa. Jos pellavansiementä käytetään päivässä alle 24 g määrä, riskit vähenevät vastaavasti. Poikkeuksena ovat ne henkilöt, joilla on muitakin riskitekijöitä kadmiumin saannin suhteen, esim. saastunut asuinalue, tupakointi tai alentunut sietokyky. Tällöin on kiinnitettävä enemmän huomiota kadmiumin kokonaissaantiin ja saantiin myös pellavan siemenen osalta. Osasta pellavan siemeniä mitattiin myös rasvahappokoostumus ja muut laatuominaisuudet. Lajikkeiden välillä oli eroja erityisesti proteiinipitoisuuksissa, α-linoleenihappopitoisuuksissa sekä fenolisten yhdisteiden määrässä.

scholarly journals Folic Acid in Prenatal Supplements: Labeled Amounts Compared to Recommendations (P11-024-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Saldanha ◽  
Johanna Dwyer ◽  
Nancy Potischman ◽  
Karen Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Tube Defects ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Health Claim ◽  
Dietary Folate ◽  
The Us

Abstract Objectives Most prenatal supplements available in the US contain synthetic folic acid. We compared the labeled amounts of folic acid in prenatal supplements with: 1) the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of 360 mcg and Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) of 1000 mcg for pregnant women established by National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine's Food and Nutrition Board (FNB) and expressed as synthetic folic acid from supplements and fortified foods; 2) current population-based Daily Values (DV) used for labeling dietary supplements and established by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA); 3) FDA criteria for making a neural tube defects health claim on prenatal supplement labels; and 4) 2009/2016 recommendations for the prevention of neural tube defects by the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF). In 2016, the FDA revised its DV to 600 mcg DFE folate (360 mcg folic acid) to reflect amounts consistent with the RDAs. This new DV is lower than the pre-2016 DV of 800 mcg from food and supplement sources and the 800 mcg level to make a health claim. Methods We reviewed the synthetic folic acid content as declared on prenatal supplement labels sold with and without a prescription, using data in the Dietary Supplements Label Database (DSLD) (website: https://dsld.nlm.nih.gov/dsld/) and DailyMed (website: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/index.cfm). Results The many recommendations for folate versus folic acid are often unclear (e.g., Dietary Folate Equivalents vs. mcg folic acid). Amounts ≥ 800 mcg folic acid per serving, the prior DV, were present on 99% of 79 prescription and 91% of 121 nonprescription labels reviewed. 94% of the prescription and 16% of nonprescription prenatal supplements were labeled at 1000 mcg per serving, and none (0%) of the prescription and 74% of the nonprescription were labeled at 800 mcg. These labeled amounts (from supplements alone) were higher than the USPSTF recommended daily intake of 400 to 800 mcg and the current DV and RDA values. Conclusions The DV, UL, the criterion for making a health claim on prenatal supplement labels, the USPSTF recommendations, and the units used for expressing folate and folic acid recommendations need to be harmonized and clarified. Funding Sources Office of Dietary Supplements, NIH.

scholarly journals Lebanese Population Exposure to Trace Elements via White Bread Consumption

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nada Lebbos ◽  
Claude Daou ◽  
Rosette Ouaini ◽  
Hanna Chebib ◽  
Michel Afram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Young People ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Population Exposure ◽  
White Bread ◽  
Tolerable Daily Intake ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Safety Concerns ◽  
Lebanese Population ◽  
Old Men

The objective of this study was to assess Lebanese population exposure to trace elements (TEs) via white pita consumption. A survey of white pita consumption was achieved among one thousand Lebanese individuals, grouped into adults (above 15 years old, men, and women) and young people (6–9 and 10–14 years old). The most consumed pita brands, labeled B1, B2, and B3, were selected. Levels of TEs (i.e., As, Cd, Co, Cr, Hg, Ni, and Pb) in B1, B2, B3 pitas were measured. The highest contents of TEs in pitas were: Ni (1292 µg/kg) and Co (91 µg/kg) in B1; As (400 µg/kg) and Cd (< 15 µg/kg) in B2; Cr (363 µg/kg), Pb (260 µg/kg), and Hg (0.89 µg/kg) in B3. The pita brand B3 was the source of the highest TEs exposure, except for Ni for which it was B1. Daily exposures to TEs due to the fact of pita consumption were compared to safety levels. There were no safety concerns for Hg, Cd, Cr or Co (except the 95th percentile of 6–9 years old). An excess of the Ni tolerable daily intake was observed for the most exposed populations. The very low margins of exposure for As and Pb suggest a worrying risk for the Lebanese population.

scholarly journals Estimation of Iron Content and Its Contribution in Iron-Fortified Food Products Consumed by School Children in Sri Lanka

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
D. Ruwani G. Perera ◽  
Dilantha Gunawardana ◽  
Renuka Jayatissa ◽  
A. Buddhika G. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Fortified Foods ◽  
Powdered Milk ◽  
Breakfast Cereals ◽  
Fortified Food ◽  
Adolescents And Adults

Iron fortification is an effective strategy that can be implemented to ensure supply and intake of iron for the public at large. Even though iron-fortified foods are widely available in the Sri Lankan market, the quantification of iron in those foods is not under the regulations of the food authorities in Sri Lanka. Therefore, this study aims to quantify the concentration of iron in selected iron-fortified foods available in the local market and determine their contribution to the recommended daily allowances (RDA) per serving. The iron content in most popular powdered milk, biscuits, and breakfast cereals among the children of 15-16 years in Horana Divisional Secretariat was analyzed using atomic absorption spectroscopy, and its contribution to RDA was calculated. The average iron values of iron-fortified milk powder (IFMP), iron-fortified biscuit (IFB), and iron-fortified breakfast cereals (IFBC) were found to be 18.08 ± 9.53, 7.88 ± 0.07, and 17.78 ± 7.47 mg/100 g, respectively. The average estimated daily intake (EDI) per serving of IFMP, IFB, and IFBC was 3.61 ± 1.75, 2.13 ± 0.06, and 5.60 ± 1.45 mg, respectively. The highest contribution to the RDA can be obtained by a single serving of IFBC. Only less than half of the tested products have compatible iron levels with their labeled information. Iron-fortified foods which were studied have a high amount of iron, and they can make from 5% to 35% contribution to RDAs in young children, adolescents, and adults even by a single serving.

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