scholarly journals Bethlen Gábor fejedelem újonnan előkerült címerköve Fogarasban

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
Kovács András
Keyword(s):  
16Th Century ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Open Platform ◽  
Late Renaissance ◽  
Written Sources ◽  
Construction Works ◽  
Window Frames

The on-going restoration works of the Făgăraș castle have revealed a carved stone measuring approximately 70×100 cm, which bears the fragment of the coat of arms of Gabriel Bethlen, prince of Transylvania between 1613 and 1629. By comparison with the stamps used by the prince one can date the heraldic composition quite accurately between 1618 and 1619. In the afore-mentioned period, written sources attest certain construction works for the enlargement of the residence within the fortress, in the area of the Red-tower. Late renaissance window frames, adorned with ornamental gables were fitted at the second floor of the western wing, erected by Gabriel Bethlen as well as at the same level of the southern wing, towards the loggia built by Balthasar Báthory (1561– 1594). The afore-mentioned, late medieval cylindrical tower had been heightened towards the end of the 16th century with octagonal storeys topped by an open platform with crenellated parapet. Under prince Gabriel Bethlen the platform was closed and transformed into a summer chamber for the prince. A stonemason from Cluj, Stephan Diószegi carved these frames, as well as the triple window frames of the Red-tower, in Cluj. He must have carved the recently found coat of arms as well, which was set aside presumably around 1639-1640, during the construction of the chapel at the first floor of the western wing.

ԵՐԵՎԱՆՑԻ ԽՈՋԱ ԳՐԻԳՈՐ ՄՈԾԱԿԵՆՑԸ ԵՎ ՄԵՍՐՈՊ ՄԱՇՏՈՑԻ ԱՆՎԱՆ ՄԱՏԵՆԱԴԱՐԱՆԻ N 6231 ՀԱՅՍՄԱՎՈՒՐՔԸ

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-98
Author(s):  
Khachik Harutyunyan
Keyword(s):  
Financial Support ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Written Sources ◽  
Construction Works

GRIGOR KHOJA MOTSAKENTC OF YEREVAN AND NO 6231 HAYSMAVURK‘ OF MATENADARAN OF MESROP MASHTOTS The study is dedicated to the activities of Grigor Khoja, a member of one of the influential families of the late medieval Yerevan known as the Motsakentc. In the context of this research, it is important to highlight the valuable evidences of various written sources of the XVII-XVIII centuries, among which the main colophon of the manuscript MM 6231 copied in 1652, stands out with its relevant information about Grigor. In the same colophon, the scribe lists the construction works funded by Grigor Khoja, who has sponsored also the writing of the manuscript and made various donations to the Kathoghike St. Astvatsatsin Church in Yerevan. According to this source, the chapel of the same church and a bridge in the nearby village of Parakar were built with the financial support of Grigor Motsakentc. However, as it seems, the construction of the bridges was not limited to this. According to historian Arakel Davrijetsi, the Ashtarak bridge on the Kasakh River was built under the sponsorship of the same Grigor Khoja. The second part of the article is dedicated to the history of the manuscript MM 6231, from its copying to later reaching the Matenadaran in Yerevan. According to several further colophons written in the manuscript, the book has been captured and taken to Karin, but later was liberated, returned to Yerevan, and at the beginning of the XX century entered the Matenadaran with the manuscripts collected from various churches in the city.

scholarly journals Seigneurial governance and the state in late medieval Guelders (14th–16th century)

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-59
Author(s):  
Jim van der Meulen
Keyword(s):  
State Formation ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
The State ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Low Countries ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Central Argument

AbstractThis article charts the long-term development of seigneurial governance within the principality of Guelders in the Low Countries. Proceeding from four quantitative cross-sections (c. 1325, 1475, 1540, 1570) of seigneurial lordships, the conclusion is that seigneurial governance remained stable in late medieval Guelders. The central argument is that this persistence of seigneurial governance was an effect of active collaboration between princely administrations, lords, and local communities. Together, the princely government and seigneuries of Guelders formed an integrated, yet polycentric, state. The article thereby challenges the narrative of progressive state centralisation that predominates in the historiography of pre-modern state formation.

scholarly journals Preliminary Reviews Of The Late Medieval Historical Geography Of Jizzakh (On The Basis Of Written Sources And Archaeological Data)

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 (10) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Pardaev Ahrorqul Hasanovich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Historical Geography ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Modern City ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
Geographical Locations ◽  
Written Sources

The article examines the historical medieval towns, fortresses and other geographical areas of the Jizzakh oasis based on written sources and data obtained from archeological excavations. As a result of scientific analysis, the geographical locations of the Jizzakh Horde and its environs, which are the location of the modern city of Jizzakh in the late Middle Ages, have been clarified.

scholarly journals Convention as the Source of the Avant-Garde. Remarks on the Inventiveness of Poetics of the Past

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (1 SELECTED PAPERS IN ENGLISH) ◽  
pp. 19-31
Author(s):  
Barbara Niebelska-Rajca
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
The Past ◽  
Polish Version ◽  
Dominant Tendency ◽  
Late Renaissance ◽  
Theoretical Reflection ◽  
Present Text

The Polish version of the article was published in “Roczniki Humanistyczne,” vol. 59 (2011), issue 1. Modern theoretical-literary treatises, defined as normative poetics, are usually connected with the dominance of the convention and normativism, with obligatory rules, canonical concepts and restrictive directives hampering originality. The present text tries to revise the conviction that convention is a dominant tendency in the development of the old theoretical thought; it tends to show the avant-garde aspects of modern poetics and to present the relations between what is conventional and what is innovative in the most original theoretical texts of late Renaissance and Baroque. Examples of two avant-garde modern poetics—Francesco Patrizi’s theory of wonder formed at the end of the 16th century and the 17th century Emanuele Tesauro’s conceptistic theory—show that tradition and convention are necessary elements of inventive theories. The avant-garde of poetics of the past, contrary to the avant-garde of the 20th century, is not born from the defiance of the earlier theories but is formed by way of modernizing and transforming them. Old inventive theories—despite all the departures from tradition—are still part of the classical paradigm. Hence, the avant-garde character of late-Renaissance and Baroque theoretical reflection consists in a peculiar synergy of convention and novelty.

Vocal Genres in Italy at the Turn of 16th and 17th Centuries: The Birth of the Monodic Style

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ildikó Heltai-Duffek
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Music ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Late Renaissance

This essay examines vocal genres at the end of the 16th century and the beginning of the 17th, such as the villanella, aria, motet, madrigal and opera. The changing features of the genres, which include the monodic style and the recitative are at the centre of these changes. The features of the late Renaissance, for example, notation ornaments, and the Early Baroque period are beginning to be formed in those changes. By demonstrating these changes, the essay offers audiences and performers an opportunity to know and understand better the vocal music of this time and to perform it authenticly. Keywords: monody, madrigal, motet, ornaments, Italy

Examination of the tale of Kerem & Aslı in terms of clothes

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saliha Ozelmas Kahya
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Research Data ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Oral Culture ◽  
Folk Tales ◽  
The Past ◽  
Folk Literature ◽  
History Of ◽  
Written Sources ◽  
Made In

Folktale is the name given to the products of folk literature created on the basis of the deep effect of any event or literal product left a trace in the society in oral culture. It is a long winded type of narration about real or real-like events. They are stories with traditional content which are narrated orally from one generation to the next. They generally deal with love and heroism. Kerem & Aslı is one of the most famous folk tales.Kerem & Aslı tale is one of the folk tales which was revealed by late 16th century, known and liked in other nations than Turkey and Oguz Turkish tribes (Armenian, Georgian, Lezg, etc.) addressing broad masses. Similar tales including Kerem & Aslı tale popular among broad masses are significant sources particularly in terms of revealing cultural values since they represented the past and future of the society.The purpose of this research is to find terms of garment, accessories, fabrics referred in the Kerem & Aslı tale, reveal meanings thereof and provide information about how they were used in the tale. Written sources were reviewed in order to collect research data. The characteristics of clothing of the characters in the Kerem & Aslı tale were revealed and a general assessment was made in the research and what the terms of garment, accessories, fabrics meant was explained. It was determined that the following terms were referred in  the Kerem & Aslı tale; don (underpants), hırka (cardigan), pestamal, libas (clothes), esvap (clothes), saya (clothes), fistan (clothes), kaftan (caftan), gomlek (shirt), arakcın, cevre, serpus, nikab, kalpak, oya (lace), aba, atlas, sal (shawl), yaglık (handkerchief), elvan, kusak (belt), tulbent (gauze).Keywords: folktale, traditional dressing, history of dressing, Kerem & Aslı tale

Against Fortifications: The Defense of Renaissance Bologna

1982 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Tuttle
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Models ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Military Architecture ◽  
Good Case ◽  
Charles V ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Economic Considerations ◽  
Comprehensive History ◽  
Written Sources

A comprehensive history of Renaissance military architecture cannot depend solely upon the evidence of built works and theoretical models. The revolution in gunpowder warfare that rendered medieval city walls obsolete around 1500 affected virtually all towns and cities, including those which failed or refused to construct fortifications in the modern manner. Bologna offers a good case in point: although large, wealthy, and strategically located within the Papal State, it consistently and successfully opposed new fortifications throughout the tumultuous 16th century. Drawing upon unstudied visual and written sources, this essay profiles the Bolognese anti-fortification tradition. On three notable occasions Bologna rejected advanced built defenses. Early in the cinquecento the city endured and then demolished a great citadel erected by Julius II; in the 1520s, when Bologna was menaced by the army of Charles V, it was able to avert attack without recourse to the kind of bastioned enceinte envisioned for it by Antonio da Sangallo the Younger; and during the 1560s the city's magistrates successfully frustrated refortification by diplomatic means. On each occasion political and economic considerations triumphed over the putative advantages of modern military architecture.

scholarly journals Sandtorg.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tor-Ketil Krokmyrdal
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Copper Alloys ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Viking Age ◽  
Market Place ◽  
Metal Waste ◽  
Potential Market ◽  
Written Sources ◽  
The Middle Ages

In this paper, I discuss a potential market place for theexchange of goods at Sandtorg in Harstad municipality,Troms and Finnmark county during the Iron Age and theMiddle Ages. Recently, a total of 125 objects were uncoveredon a farm, previously only mentioned in written sources inthe mid-16th century. Finds of jewelry, silver, coins, weightand metal waste from the Viking Age suggest that exchangeof goods started at the site somewhere between AD 800 and 900. Further finds indicate that there were exchangegoods here throughout the Middle Ages and onwards to thehistorically documented trade. At the location, excavationshave uncovered a far larger amount of metalworking wastethan one would expect on an ordinary farm. This included lead, copper alloys, iron and silver. The finds indicate asmithy close to the Viking Age beach level and may suggestconstruction and repair of sea vessels at the site. AroundSandtorg there are no known Viking Age graves, indicatingthat Sandtorg did not have a large permanent population,and consequently was not a large marketplace. However,it is possible that the market function was combined withservices such as repairs or construction of seagoing vesselsand guesthouses for travelers. If so, the activity at Sandtorg may have been significant. 

scholarly journals Источники по истории суфийской обители Сейида Али Султана (г. Димотика, Греция)

Islamology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Yuri Averyanov
Keyword(s):  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Written Sources

This paper is devoted to one of renowned abdals (saints) who migrated to Balkan in the 14th century. It is Seyyid ‘Ali Sultan who was nicknamed Qyzyl-deli. The author reconstructed his life on the basis of the wide spectrum of written sources: historical chronicles, hagiography (particularly, «Vilayet-name-i Seyyid ‘Ali Sultan»), mystic hymns (nefes) and waqfs. According to the Bektashi tradition, Seyyid ‘Ali Sultan was the link between Haji Bektash and Balym Sultan who has been educated in his tekke. The author puts his figure between two mystical type: the doctrine of the early Sufi masters of Bektashiyya and «janissarian» Sufism of the 16th century. He also touches upon the issue of history of genesis of Sufi tekkes in the Balkan peninsula in the early centuries of the Ottoman conquest.

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