Studies on the behaviour of some fungal diseases of rice in the mangrove swamp ecology at Warri, south eastern Nigeria

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-436
Author(s):  
E. A. Maji ◽  
E. D: Imolehin
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Bipolaris Oryzae ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Mangrove Swamp ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Cropping Seasons

Studies on the ecological behaviour of Cochliobolus miyabeanus (Ito et Kurib.) Drechsl. ex Dast., syn. Bipolaris oryzae (Breda de Haan Shoem.), the causal agent of brown spot in rice (Oryza sativa L.), were carried out in the tidal mangrove swamp at Warri Experimental Farm, Southeastern Nigeria. A split randomised complete block design with four replications was used. Monthly transplantings from July to September formed the main plot, which was subdivided into control and N-treated subplots. Disease incidence increased when transplanting was delayed. This was probably due to the fact that flowering coincided with environmental conditions favourable for disease development from November to February. Nitrogen fertilization at 40 kg N/ha significantly (P=0.05) reduced C. miyabeanus incidence in 1997/1998, but not in the 1998/1999 and 1999/2000 cropping seasons at the same site. The grain yields of ROK 5, a medium-duration improved rice variety (approx. 150 days), were significantly (P=0.05) reduced in late-transplanted crops (September to November) in spite of adequate N fertilization. Mangrove mud was not an important source of C. miyabeanus propagules. The incidence of leaf scald caused by Monographella albescens (Thum) Parkinson, Sivanesan and Booth syn. Microdochium oryzae (Hashioka and Yokogi) Samuels and Hallet, and of leaf smut caused by Etyloma oryzae Miyake was generally stimulated by N application.

scholarly journals Application of Wood Vinegar for Fungal Disease Controls in Paddy Rice

2016 ◽  
pp. 77-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilawan Chuaboon ◽  
Nattapone Ponghirantanachoke ◽  
Dusit Athinuwat
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Bipolaris Oryzae ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Wood Vinegar ◽  
Brown Leaf

A survey of an outbreak of fungal diseases of rice variety Phitsanulok2 (PLS91014-16-1-5-1) was conducted in Thailand during June 2014 to January 2015 using aW-random sampling pat-tern. The study revealed the incidence of several diseases including brown spot (Bipolaris oryzae), narrow brown leaf streak (Cercospora oryzae), and dirty panicle (Alternaria padwickii, C. oryzae, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium semitectum, and B. oryzae). This study evaluated the ef-ficacy of wood vinegar for control of these fungal diseases. A compleel randomized design was used, using the above variety in 3 replications. In the laboratory we found wood vinegar to be effective in inhibiting growth of representative pathogens such as C. lunata,B. oryzae,F. semi-tectum, and A. padwickii, the causal agent of dirty panicle disease. The field results confirmed the efficacy of wood vinegar under greenhouse conditions, with significantly reduced disease incidence of brown spot and dirty panicle, and significantly enhanced germination, seedling vigor,shoot height, root length, and fresh weight, when compared with the untreated control. However, seed treatment and 6 foliar sprays of wood vinegar under field conditions at Ang Thong showed no significant differences from the conventional treatment in suppression of brown spot, narrow brown leaf streak, and dirty panicle. The result demonstrates a promising alternative approach to control of key rice diseases.

scholarly journals Reaction of some rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties to brown spot disease caused by Bipolaris oryzae (Breda de Haan) Shoemaker

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 028-036
Author(s):  
William Norbert Kuate Tueguem ◽  
Jules Patrice Ngoh Dooh ◽  
Thierry Atindo Songwe ◽  
Alain Heu ◽  
Charles Essome Sale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Bipolaris Oryzae ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
White Rice ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Brown Spot Disease ◽  
Significant Difference

In Africa, rice is produced and is a source of food energy in most developing countries. But its cultivation faces to brown spot disease, caused by Bipolaris oryzae (Breda de Haan) Shoemaker, which is a serious seed-borne and seed transmitted disease of rice worldwide.The aim of this study was to screen rice varieties for resistance to brown spot disease in field conditions inYaoundé. A completely randomized Fisher block design with three repetitions was used during 2 growing seasons (2015 and 2016). Growth, yields and disease (incidence and severity) parameters were evaluated on four rice varieties (Nerica 3 and 8, White rice and Kamkou). Results show that height of the Nerica 8 variety (86.03cm) and the number of tillers of Kamkou variety (21.66) were significantly highest compared to others varieties (P<0.05) at 59 Days After Sowing (DAS). There was no significant difference on disease incidence for the different rice varieties at the end of rice plant cycle. However disease severity was lower on Nerica 3(2.71%) and Nerica8 (2.05%) varieties and higher on White variety (4.57%). Hence, Nerica 3 and 8 varieties were more tolerant to brown spot disease than others varieties. Overall, Nerica 3 (3.68 t ha-1) and Kamkou (3.51 t ha-1) varieties resulted in higher yields than white rice 28.93 t ha-1.

scholarly journals Breeding and Characterization of The World’s First Practical Rice Variety With Resistance to Brown Spot (Bipolaris Oryzae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kengo Matsumoto ◽  
Yuya Ota ◽  
Tomohiro Yamakawa ◽  
Teppei Ono ◽  
Satomi Seta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Isogenic Line ◽  
Bipolaris Oryzae ◽  
Trait Locus ◽  
Grain Width ◽  
Serious Disease

Abstract Background: Brown spot (BS) caused by Bipolaris oryzae is a serious disease of rice and decreases grain yield. Breeding for BS resistance is an economical solution but has not hitherto been achieved.Results: To develop a practical BS-resistant variety, we introduced a chromosomal segment including a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for BS resistance, qBSfR11, derived from the BS-resistant local resource ‘Tadukan’, into the genetic background of the high-yielding but susceptible ‘Mienoyume’. Resistance is controlled by a single recessive gene in a 1.3-Mbp region. We named this gene bsr1 (brown spot resistance 1). The near-isogenic line bsr1-NIL had a greater yield with larger grain width than Mienoyume but similar other agronomic traits in fields where BS was mild; it had a significantly lower BS disease score and a 28.8% higher yield in fields where BS was more severe, and it showed resistance to multiple isolates of BS fungus. It showed stable resistance to BS and had excellent agricultural traits in the presence of BS.Conclusions: We developed the bsr1-NIL with resistance to BS and applied it for variety registration to Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries in Japan as ‘Mienoyume BSL’. It is the world’s first practical breeding variety with resistance to BS.

scholarly journals Intercrop Advantages of some Improved Sweet Potato + Soybean in Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 28-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moses O. Egbe ◽  
Philip O. Osang
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
The University

Field trials were conducted during 2011 and 2012 cropping seasons at the Teaching and Research Farm of the University of Agriculture Makurdi, Benue State located in Southern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria. The objective of the study was to evaluate the response of some improved sweet potato varieties planted at three densities to intercropping with soybean. The experiment was a 2x3x3 split-split plot laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main plot consisted of two cropping systems [sole cropping (sweet potato, soybean) and intercropping (sweet potato + soybean). The sub-plot consisted of three sweet potato varieties (CIP440037, NRSP/05/007C and CIP440141). The sub-sub-plot treatment comprised of three sweet potato planting densities (25,000 plants/ha, 33,000 plants/ha and 50,000 plants/ha). Intercropping severely depressed the yields of both sweet potato varieties and the soybean component, such that intercrop yields were rarely above 50% of sole crop yields, irrespective of the sweet potato variety used. The number and weight of the sweet potato component was not significantly affected at the planting density of 50,000 plants/ha. Indices used to measure intercrop advantage showed that intercropping these sweet potato varieties with soybean was biologically efficient and percentage land saved varied from 23.08 and 32.43. Soybean was more competitive than sweet potato at all densities tested.

Morphological and Molecular Analysis of Fungal Species Associated with Blast and Brown Spot Diseases of Oryzae sativa

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suvanthini Terensan ◽  
Nishadi Fernando ◽  
Chandrika Perera ◽  
Nilanthi Silva ◽  
Nisha Kottearachchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Competitive Growth ◽  
Bipolaris Oryzae ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Fungal Isolates

Fungal diseases; blast, and brown spot in rice incur severe yield losses worldwide. Blast is caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, while Bipolaris oryzae is reported as the main causal organism of brown spot. Both diseases cause leaf lesions which are difficult to be differentiated by symptomatology until the late stages. Early detection and differentiation of the lesions would help the adoption of disease management strategies specific to the pathogen and will prevent the native impact on the quality and quantity of rice yields. This study was conducted in the Northern Province of Sri Lanka over five consecutive rice cultivating seasons to characterize the causal fungi of rice blast and brown spot diseases by morphological and molecular means and to develop a visual guide to differentiate the two diseases. Disease incidence was recorded in 114 fields from 2017 to 2019, and fungal isolates associated with lesions of both the diseases were cultured and subjected to morphological and molecular characterization. Competitive growth interaction between M. oryzae and the more common individual fungal isolates of the brown spot lesions, was evaluated. Fungal metagenomics analysis was conducted for the fungal spp. isolated from brown spot lesions. A suppression of blast accompanied by an increased incidence of brown spot disease was observed during the study period. M. oryzae was confirmed to be the causal organism of the blast while over 20 species of fungi were identified to be associated with brown spot lesions through morphological, molecular studies, and metagenomics analyses. Fungal ITS region sequencing revealed considerable genetic variation in the highly conserved region of DNA sequences of blast and brown spot fungal isolates. B. oryzae, Curvularia, and Microdochium species were commonly isolated from brown spot lesions. In vitro competitive growth interaction among the fungal isolates revealed growth suppression of M. oryzae by the fungal isolates associated with the brown spot lesions. Similarly, it can be speculated that the abundance and severity of blast in the field may have an influence on brown spot associated fungi. A simple visual guide was developed to differentiate blast and brown spot lesions. The findings would be highly useful in the timely management of these major fungal diseases affecting rice.

scholarly journals Diversity and pathogenicity of the rice brown spot pathogen, Bipolaris oryzae (Breda de Haan) Shoem. in Bangladesh assessed by genetic fingerprint analysis

1970 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Kamal ◽  
MAT Mia
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Fingerprint Analysis ◽  
Bipolaris Oryzae ◽  
Repeat Analysis ◽  
Genetic Fingerprint

A survey on the occurrence of rice brown spot pathogen, Bipolaris oryzae (Breda de Haan) Shoem. was carried out across Bangladesh. A representative set of 152 isolates were characterized based on DNA fingerprinting, using variable number tandem repeat analysis and assessed their phylogenetic identity, diversity and pathogenicity. The analysis showed considerable diversity among the isolates, being separated into 12 fingerprint types at 75% similarity level. Majority of the samples possessed one fingerprint type. Pathogenicity test with nine fingerprint types on rice variety BR24, showed 20.5-84.5% germination failure, 2.50-12.50, 5.84-11.67 and 7.50-14.17% post-emergence seedling death at 15, 30 and 45 days after transplanting and 18.75-22.50% yield loss. Significant differences in aggressiveness were observed among the isolates of the same fingerprint types.   Key words: Bipolaris oryzae; Rice brown spot; Pathogenicity; Agarose-synergel; Fingerprints DOI: 10.3329/bjb.v38i2.5135 Bangladesh J. Bot. 38(2): 119-125, 2009 (December)

scholarly journals Adaptability of Seven Maize (Zea mays L.) Varieties in High Humid Rainforest Zone of Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-101
Author(s):  
Demben Moses Esang ◽  
Ofonime Raphael Akata ◽  
Angus Onwudiwe Ikeh
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Local Cultivar ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cropping Seasons

Field experiment was conducted at National Cereals Research Institute (NCRI) Uyo-Out station in 2015 and 2016 cropping seasons. The aim  was  to evaluate the yields of seven maize varieties in humid rainforest of Uyo, Southeastern Nigeria in view of recommending high yield varieties. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design, replicated three times. The treatments were seven maize varieties viz- : Uwep (local). FARZ 32, Oba super 2, Oba 98 and suwan-I-SR, Quality protein maize (QPM) and extra-early. Growth and yield data were subjected to analysis of variance. Significant mean were compared using least significant difference at p<0.05. The result showed significant difference(p<0.05) plant height. FAR 32 was the tallest at 9WAP (159.37 and 163.33 cm in 2015 and 2016 cropping seasons, respectively) The shortest variety, 121.12 and 122.61 cm, respectively at 9WAP was recorded in QPM. The weight of grains varied significantly different. FARZ 32 had the heaviest 100 grain weight, 42.60 g and 41.30 g in 2015 and 2016, respectively. The least weight of 100 seeds 31.09 g and 32.99 g, respectively was recorded from Extra Early maize. Comparing the maize grain yield, the result indicated significant difference (p<0.05) in both cropping seasons. FARZ 32 had the highest grain yield, 4.37 and 4.30 tonnes per hectare in 2015 and 2016 in both cropping seasons. Oba super 2 had 4.30 and 4.20 tonnes per hectare in 2015 and 2016. The local cultivar Uweb had 2.49 and 2.59 tonnes per hectare grain yield in both years. The least grain yield, 2.32 and 2.45 tonnes per hectare, respectively was from Extra early maize. Oba, Farz -32, Oba super 2 and Oba 98 were recommended to farmers in the study area.

scholarly journals Effect of fungal endophytes of rice variety Ld 368 on growth and brown spot disease incidence of rice

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. N. Priyadarshani ◽  
◽  
N. Deshappriya ◽  
T. G. I. Sandamali ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Brown Spot Disease

scholarly journals Critical yield-point model to estimate damage caused by brown spot and powdery mildew in barley

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 957-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenita Agostinetto ◽  
Ricardo Trezzi Casa ◽  
Amauri Bogo ◽  
Cristiano Sachs ◽  
Erlei Melo Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Damage Threshold ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Growing Seasons

Barley (Hordeum vulgaris L.) is the second most important winter crop in Southern Brazil. The excessive rainfall in this region during the crop-growing season increases the frequency and intensity of foliar fungal diseases. The research aimed to determine the damage function equations (DFE) for the multiple pathosystem of barley brown spot and powdery mildew based on the relationship between grain yield and diseases intensity at different 'BRS Cauê' cultivar growth stages (GS) during 2009 and 2010 growing seasons in Southern Brazil. The experiments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with nine treatments and four replicates. The disease gradients were generated by strobilurins and triazols fungicides rates and number of applications on barley cv. Cauê. The fungicide applications and disease incidence and severity assessments were performed at the 22, 31, 39, 45 and 56 plant GS. The DFE were obtained by variance analysis and linear regression between grain yield and diseases intensity. Significant and negative DFE were obtained and the damage coefficients (DC) varied from 29.48 to 100.08 (2009) and from 36.08 to 113.57kg ha-1 (2010) for incidence, and from 219.5 to 6,276.6 (2009) and 102.3 to 5,292.5kg ha-1 (2010) for severity. The largest damage coefficients were obtained when diseases assessments were made on GS 22 and 31 on both growing seasons evaluated. DFE were used to calculate the economic damage threshold (EDT) as a criterion to indicate the fungicide application moment to control the diseases in cultivars similar to 'BRS Cauê' in Southern Brazil.

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