Gastric zygomycosis in a pig affected with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome — Case report

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Levente Szeredi ◽  
Csaba Szentirmai
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Viral Antigen ◽  
Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome ◽  
Pcv2 Infection ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Moderate Amount ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Wasting Syndrome

A postweaning pig died in spite of antibiotic therapy showing wasting in a small herd. Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) was diagnosed on the basis of gross pathological and histological lesions and the presence of moderate amounts of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) antigen in tissue samples. Mycotic gastritis caused by Zygomycetes spp. was found on round areas with a diameter of 1 to 3 cm in the glandular mucosa of the stomach. Moderate amount of PCV2 viral antigen was detected almost evently in the stomach and mostly in the macrophages. In addition, acute uraemia, revealed by an ammonia-like stink of the gastric mucosa and the presence of acute erosions on the glandular mucosa of the stomach, was observed as a consequence of PCV2-induced interstitial nephritis. Only PCV2 infection could be identified as a cause of secondary mycotic gastritis. The results further support the immunosuppressive ability of PCV2 infection in PMWS-affected pigs.

scholarly journals Experimental Reproduction of Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome in Cesarean-Derived, Colostrum-Deprived Piglets Inoculated with Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2): Investigation of Quantitative PCV2 Distribution and Antibody Responses

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Okuda ◽  
M. Ono ◽  
S. Yazawa ◽  
I. Shibata
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type 2 ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Wasting Syndrome

Sixteen cesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived piglets were inoculated intranasally with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), originally isolated from a pig affected with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). At 1 day postinoculation (PI), 3 of the 5 piglets in the uninoculated control group were moved to the room of inoculated piglets for contact exposure. Porcine circovirus type 2 was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in swabs from inoculated piglets from 1 day PI and from contact piglets from 2 days after cohabitation. Porcine circovirus type 2 was also detected in all serum samples but not in control piglets 7 days PI. Until the end of study, PCV2 was detected in swabs and serum samples by PCR but not in the control piglets. One inoculated piglet died suddenly without clinical signs 19 days PI. Beginning at 14 days PI, 5 piglets, including 1 contact piglet, had clinical signs of depression, anorexia, and icterus, and 1 inoculated piglet died 21 days PI. Most of the piglets exhibiting the above clinical signs became moribund and were necropsied 21 and 28 days PI. In the piglets that showed clinical signs, gross lesions, including icterus of liver and hemorrhage in stomach, and typical histopathological lesions of PMWS, such as lymphoid depletion and basophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in lymph nodes and other tissues, were observed. Porcine circovirus type 2 was detected by PCR in all tissue samples except in those of the control piglets. Porcine circovirus type 2 was recovered from several tissue samples of the piglets necropsied until 35 days PI. In particular, PCV2 was recovered in high titer from most of the tissue samples of the piglets exhibiting clinical signs. Serum antibody against PCV2 was mostly detected in inoculated piglets and in contact piglets 14 and 21 days PI by an indirect fluorescence antibody test but was not detected in the piglets exhibiting clinical signs until 28 days PI. These results indicate that PCV2 was able to induce clinical PMWS in the absence of other swine pathogens and that there were significant differences in both the quantitative PCV2 distribution in tissues and the antibody response between the piglets that were infected and developed PMWS and those that were infected but remained healthy.

scholarly journals A Novel Porcine Circovirus Distantly Related to Known Circoviruses Is Associated with Porcine Dermatitis and Nephropathy Syndrome and Reproductive Failure

2016 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Palinski ◽  
Pablo Piñeyro ◽  
Pengcheng Shang ◽  
Fangfeng Yuan ◽  
Rui Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome ◽  
Reproductive Failure ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Wasting Syndrome ◽  
Etiologic Role ◽  
Porcine Circovirus 2

ABSTRACT Porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD) is clinically manifested by postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), respiratory and enteric disease, reproductive failure, and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS). Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) is an essential component of PCVAD, although an etiologic role in PDNS is not well established. Here, a novel circovirus, designated porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3), was identified in sows that died acutely with PDNS-like clinical signs. The capsid and replicase proteins of PCV3 are only 37% and 55% identical to PCV2 and bat circoviruses, respectively. Aborted fetuses from sows with PDNS contained high levels of PCV3 (7.57 × 107 genome copies/ml), and no other viruses were detected by PCR and metagenomic sequencing. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis of sow tissue samples identified PCV3 antigen in skin, kidney, lung, and lymph node samples localized in typical PDNS lesions, including necrotizing vasculitis, glomerulonephritis, granulomatous lymphadenitis, and bronchointerstitial pneumonia. Further study of archived PDNS tissue samples that were negative for PCV2 by IHC analysis identified 45 of 48 that were PCV3 positive by quantitative PCR (qPCR), with 60% of a subset also testing positive for PCV3 by IHC analysis. Analysis by qPCR of 271 porcine respiratory disease diagnostic submission samples identified 34 PCV3-positive cases (12.5%), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detection of anti-PCV3 capsid antibodies in serum samples found that 46 (55%) of 83 samples tested were positive. These results suggest that PCV3 commonly circulates within U.S. swine and may play an etiologic role in reproductive failure and PDNS. Because of the high economic impact of PCV2, this novel circovirus warrants further studies to elucidate its significance and role in PCVAD. IMPORTANCE While porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) was first identified in sporadic cases of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in Canada in the early 1990s, an epidemic of severe systemic disease due to PCV2 spread worldwide in the ensuing decade. Despite being effectively controlled by commercial vaccines, PCV2 remains one of the most economically significant viruses of swine. Here, a novel porcine circovirus (PCV3) that is distantly related to known circoviruses was identified in sows with porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS) and reproductive failure. PCV2, which has previously been associated with these clinical presentations, was not identified. High levels of PCV3 nucleic acid were observed in aborted fetuses by quantitative PCR, and PCV3 antigen was localized in histologic lesions typical of PDNS in sows by immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis. PCV3 was also identified in archival PDNS diagnostic samples that previously tested negative for PCV2 by IHC analysis. The emergence of PCV3 warrants further investigation.

scholarly journals Reproduction of Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome in Pigs by Prenatal Porcine Circovirus 2 Infection and Postnatal Porcine Parvovirus Infection or Immunostimulation

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 842-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Ha ◽  
Y. H. Lee ◽  
K.-K. Ahn ◽  
B. Kim ◽  
C. Chae
Keyword(s):  
Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Pcv2 Infection ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Porcine Parvovirus ◽  
Infection Group ◽  
Wasting Syndrome ◽  
Prenatal Infection ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Postnatal Infection

Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) was reproduced in prenatally porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2)-infected pigs by either postnatal infection with porcine parvovirus (PPV) or by immunostimulation. Twenty-four randomly selected piglets from 3 sows, which had been experimentally infected during gestation with PCV2, were randomly divided into 3 groups; group 1 (prenatal PCV2 infection, with postnatal PPV infection), group 2 (prenatal PCV2 infection, with postnatal keyhole limpet hemocyanin, emulsified in incomplete Freund's adjuvant [KLH/ICFA] injection), and group 3 (prenatal PCV2 infection only). Twenty-four randomly selected piglets from 3 uninfected sows were randomly divided into 3 groups; group 4 (no prenatal infection, with postnatal PCV2 and PPV infection), group 5 (no prenatal infection, with postnatal PCV2 infection), and group 6 (negative control pigs). Body weight in negative control pigs (group 6) was increased significantly compared with pigs in groups 1, 2, and 4 at 49, 52, 56, 59, and 63 days of age. The granulomatous inflammatory reaction and lymphoid depletion that are typical lesions in pigs with PMWS were observed in the lymph node of piglets in groups 1, 2, and 4 at 63 days of age. Pigs in group 3 had significantly fewer PCV2-positive cells than those from groups 1,2,4, or 5. When the prenatally PCV2-infected pigs were infected with PPV or injected with immunostimulant in the postnatal period, they developed PMWS. Thus, factors that potentiate the progression of prenatal PCV2 infection to PMWS are postnatal infection with PPV or immune stimulation.

scholarly journals Two Amino Acid Mutations in the Capsid Protein of Type 2 Porcine Circovirus (PCV2) Enhanced PCV2 Replication In Vitro and Attenuated the Virus In Vivo

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (24) ◽  
pp. 13440-13446 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fenaux ◽  
T. Opriessnig ◽  
P. G. Halbur ◽  
F. Elvinger ◽  
X. J. Meng
Keyword(s):  
Capsid Protein ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Entire Genome ◽  
Wasting Syndrome

ABSTRACT Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the primary causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in pigs. To identify potential genetic determinants for virulence and replication, we serially passaged a PCV2 isolate 120 times in PK-15 cells. The viruses harvested at virus passages 1 (VP1) and 120 (VP120) were biologically, genetically, and experimentally characterized. The PCV2 VP120 virus replicated in PK-15 cells to a titer similar to that of the PK-15 cell line-derived nonpathogenic PCV1 but replicated more efficiently than PCV2 VP1 with a difference of about 1 log unit in the titers. The complete genomic sequences of viruses at passages 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 were determined. After 120 passages, only two nucleotide mutations were identified in the entire genome, and both were located in the capsid gene: the mutations were located at nucleotide positions 328 (C328G) and 573 (A573C). The C328G mutation, in which a proline at position 110 of the capsid protein changed to an alanine (P110A), occurred at passage 30 and remained in the subsequent passages. The second mutation, A573C, resulting in a change from an arginine to a serine at position 191 (R191S), appeared at passage 120. To experimentally characterize the VP120 virus, 31 specific-pathogen-free pigs were randomly divided into three groups. Ten pigs in group 1 received phosphate-buffered saline as negative controls. Each pig in group 2 (11 pigs) was inoculated intramuscularly and intranasally with 104.9 50% tissue culture infective doses (TCID50) of PCV2 VP120. Each pig in group 3 (10 pigs) was similarly inoculated with 104.9 TCID50 of PCV2 VP1. Viremia was detected in 9 of 10 pigs in the PCV2 VP1 group with a mean duration of 3 weeks, but in only 4 of 11 pigs in the PCV2 VP120 group with a mean duration of 1.6 weeks. The PCV2 genomic copy numbers in serum in the PCV2 VP1 group were significantly higher than those in the PCV2 VP120 group (P < 0.0001). Gross and histopathologic lesions in pigs inoculated with PCV2 VP1 were more severe than those inoculated with PCV2 VP120 at both day 21 and 42 necropsies (P = 0.0032 and P = 0.0274, respectively). Taken together, the results from this study indicated that the P110A and R191S mutations in the capsid of PCV2 enhanced the growth ability of PCV2 in vitro and attenuated the virus in vivo. This finding has important implications for PCV2 vaccine development.

scholarly journals Nucleotide Sequence of Porcine Circovirus Associated with Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome in Pigs

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 5262-5267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre L. Hamel ◽  
Lihua L. Lin ◽  
Gopi P. S. Nayar
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Wasting Syndrome ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Nonpathogenic Strain ◽  
Degree Of Association ◽  
High Degree

ABSTRACT This article describes the nucleotide sequence of a porcine circovirus (PCV) which possesses a high degree of association with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), a newly described disease of young pigs. The DNA sequence of this PMWS-associated PCV (pmws PCV) has 68% homology with that of a previously published nonpathogenic strain of PCV. The strains appear to be closely related yet distinct from one another.

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