Spaying-related urinary incontinence and oestrogen therapy in the bitch

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Veronesi ◽  
Alessandro Rota ◽  
Massimiliano Battocchio ◽  
Massimo Faustini ◽  
Antonio Mollo
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oestrogen Therapy ◽  
Oestrogen Replacement Therapy ◽  
Tail Docking ◽  
Age At Surgery ◽  
Type Of Surgery

Some aspects of spaying-related urinary incontinence in the bitch still remain incompletely clarified. Therefore, the aims of the present study were to evaluate the prevalence of the disease among spayed dogs, to detect differences in risk related to the type of surgery, to describe the characteristics of incontinent bitches, to assess the influence of age at surgery on the onset of incontinence occurrence, and to assess the effectiveness and long-term side effects of oestrogen therapy in affected bitches. Among 750 bitches submitted to ovariectomy or ovariohysterectomy, those showing spaying-related urinary incontinence were evaluated. Oestrogen replacement therapy consisted of administering an effective dose followed by an individual maintenance dose. The results showed that the disease occurred in 5% of neutered bitches, the type of surgery did not affect the disease occurrence, affected bitches frequently represented large or giant breeds or large-size mongrels, the body weight of the affected bitches at surgery was often ≥ 20 kg, the disease seems to be associated with tail docking, the age at surgery influences the onset of incontinence, with earlier occurrence in older bitches, and that a strong co-operation between owners and veterinarians is necessary to achieve successful response to oestrogen replacement therapy. Long-term administration seems to be unrelated to oestrogenic side effects.

Advances in the Management of Parkinsons Disease

1976 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Marsden
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Parkinsons Disease ◽  
Complex Time ◽  
Optimum Dosage ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Near Future

The treatment of Parkinson's disease today is complex, time-consuming, but rewarding. The introduction of levodopa has not cured the disease, but has provided the most powerful therapy available yet. Its use is limited by side effects and careful titration to optimum dosage, often in combination with other drugs, is required. Despite best therapy, some patients never respond, and others begin to lose benefit after some years of therapy. New problems, such as the ‘on-off’ effect have appeared with long-term treatment, and require careful adjustment of dosage. As with any replacement therapy, a balance between sub-optimal benefit and side effects has to be discovered and maintained by careful and frequent review. New approaches to treatment may offer further improvement in the near future.

786 AGE AT SURGERY AND EDUCATIONAL LEVEL AFFECT LONG-TERM URINARY INCONTINENCE AFTER RADICAL

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 253 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.E. Nilsson ◽  
M.C. Schumacher ◽  
S. Carlsson ◽  
G. Steineck ◽  
N.P. Wiklund
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Age At Surgery

Age at surgery, educational level and long-term urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy

2011 ◽  
Vol 108 (10) ◽  
pp. 1572-1577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas E. Nilsson ◽  
Martin C. Schumacher ◽  
Eva Johansson ◽  
Stefan Carlsson ◽  
Johan Stranne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Radical Prostatectomy ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Age At Surgery

scholarly journals Endometriosis-Associated Intestinal Tumours: A Consequence of Long-Term Unopposed Oestrogen?

2009 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher A Efthymiou
Keyword(s):  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Malignant Transformation ◽  
Total Abdominal Hysterectomy ◽  
Abdominal Hysterectomy ◽  
Oestrogen Replacement Therapy ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Unopposed Oestrogen

A case of malignant transformation in an extra-ovarian site, 13 years after total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, is discussed in a patient on long-term oestrogen implants, which highlights the potential risks surrounding the use of long-term oestrogen replacement therapy.

scholarly journals A Permanent Cure for Vitiligo: Immigration of Healthy Skin Cells to Unhealthy Sides of the Skin in Vitiligo Through a New Treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Skin Disorder ◽  
The Body ◽  
Healthy Skin ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
Skin Cells ◽  
Blood Tests ◽  
Permanent Cure ◽  
New Treatment

This article is about a skin disorder which manifests itself as white patches (pigment destruction) in different locations of the body. There are many classifications for this disorder such as segmented, focal, generalized and universal vitiligo. In my article, I have mentioned some of the current methods used in the treatment such as UV rooms. However, there are many risks and long term side effects to this treatment. Besides at the end of the treatment, the patient leaves the clinic in disappointment and without being treated. I was suffering from the same disorder for 14 years, so I can feel how deep is the depression and suffering of those vitiligo patients. My motivation behind the discovery of this treatment was me myself. I was suffering from the same disorder. It was so painful to be out in the society where everybody gazed at you and some were even afraid to talk to you. Because of my economic issues, I did not have access to labs and research centesrs. So I studied a lot and broadened my understanding and knowledge abut human body and biology. After I dicovered the treatment, I cured myself in 5months and then many more patients from England, Iran, Turkey and Azerbaijan. In my article, I have written about some blood tests the patients have to take. I have also mentioned the vitamins, pills and the creams they should use (different for kids and adults). My only intention for writing this article is to let all my colleague dermatologists know about the new treatment. Moreover, the whole treatment takes 5 months or so and is affordable by everybody. If the patients follow the simple advice mentioned in the article, the disorder will not come back. I would kindly ask you to go through my article and read it deep. I have treated myself and many others, so I can replicate the treatment on the cases given by you. The treatment and progress is visiblr from the first month.

scholarly journals Side Effects and Determinant of the Use of 3-Month Contraceptive Injection

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Sari Priyanti ◽  
Agustin Dwi Syalfina
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
The Body ◽  
Menstrual Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Estrogen Effect

Acceptor of contraceptive injection increased from 11.7% to 27.8% since 2010-2013. Contraceptive injection of Depo Medroxy Progesterone Acetate (DMPA) is given every 3 months by intramuscular. The long-term use of 3-month contraceptive injetion for more than two years can cause side effects such as menstrual disorders and decreased libido due to accumulation of progesterone hormone in the body that suppressed estrogen effect. This study aimed to analyze the association in long-term use of 3-month contraceptive injetion with menstrual disorders and decreased libido in Puskesmas (Primary health care) Puri, Mojokerto Regency in 2016. The study was observational analytics with cross sectional approach with sample 73 contraceptive acceptors. The data were analyzed by using univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis with logistic regression and multivariate general model. The results showed that the duration of use of 3-month contraceptive injetion was significant with side effect of menstrual disorders (PR=0.142; 95%CI: 0.040-0.502) and decreased libido (PR=0.275; 95%CI: 0.100-0.756). Conclusion: menstrual disorders and decreased libido associated with the duration of use of 3-month contraceptive injetion.

scholarly journals LONG-TERM RESULTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH THE APPLICATION OF ORGAN-PRESERVING OPERATIONS IN PAPILARY THYROID CANCER

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Functional Results ◽  
Disease Recurrence ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Thyroid Secretion

Іn order to analyse the changes in the structural and functional state of the thyroid gland, a group of 185 patients (67.8 %) were examined after the surgical treatment of papillary thyroid cancer. Of these, 94 patients belonged to the first group – the comparison group where thyroidectomy was performed, and 91 to the second – the main group where, mainly, organ-preserving operations were performed. The average follow-up was 6.5 ± 5.1 years (varied from 2 to 11 years. Hypoparathyroidism in patients receiving replacement therapy was observed in 20 (16.4 %) patients after thyroidectomy and only in 4 (6.3 %) patients after organ-preserving techniques (the differences are significant, p < 0.05). Side effects of replacement therapy were observed in 21 (17.2 %) patients after thyroidectomy and only in 4 (6.3 %) patients after organ-preserving techniques (the differences are significant, p < 0.05). Disease recurrence was detected in 4 (3.3 %) patients after thyroidectomy and in 1 (1.6 %) patient after organ-preserving techniques (the differences are not significant, р > 0.05). The use of organ-preserving approaches in the main group allowed improving functional results by reducing the frequency of hypothyroidism and side effects of replacement therapy, due to the preservation of thyroid secretion and its regulation, without worsening the results of relapse-free survival.

Hormone replacement therapy: update and practical prescribing

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 148-156
Author(s):  
Nikki Noble
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Physiological Event ◽  
The Common ◽  
Follicular Activity

Peri-menopause and menopause are a normal part of ageing. Nikki Noble gives an overview of hormone replacement therapy and practical prescribing tips Menopause is a physiological event of ovarian failure due to a loss of ovarian follicular activity. This leads to a lack of oestrogen, resulting in the cessation of menstruation and loss of reproductive function. This article discusses the symptoms of menopause and treatment with hormone replacement therapy. This includes practical prescribing, side effects and long-term benefits and risks. The current shortages of hormone replacement therapy are also addressed. The aim of this article is to enable health professionals to define menopause and gain an understanding of the symptoms associated with it. After reading this article you should be able to: describe when peri-menopause and menopause occur, describe the common symptoms that may be experienced during peri-menopause and menopause, understand of the hormones used in hormone replacement therapy, and understand the practical prescribing of hormone replacement therapy and the benefits, risks, contraindications and side-effects.

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