Disparate time-courses of adaptation and facilitation in multi-stable perception

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 101-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Pastukhov ◽  
Jochen Braun
Keyword(s):  
Time Courses

The Endothelial Cell and the Factor VIII Bypassing Activity of Prothrombin Complex Concentrate

1988 ◽  
Vol 60 (02) ◽  
pp. 226-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome M Teitel ◽  
Hong-Yu Ni ◽  
John J Freedman ◽  
M Bernadette Garvey
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Factor Viii ◽  
Prothrombin Complex Concentrate ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Monolayer Cultures ◽  
Coagulant Activity ◽  
Time Courses ◽  
Privileged Site

SummarySome classical hemophiliacs have a paradoxical hemostatic response to prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC). We hypothesized that vascular endothelial cells (EC) may contribute to this “factor VIII bypassing activity”. When PCC were incubated with suspensions or monolayer cultures of EC, they acquired the ability to partially bypass the defect of factor VIII deficient plasma. This factor VIII bypassing activity distributed with EC and not with the supernatant PCC, and was not a general property of intravascular cells. The effect of PCC was even more dramatic on fixed EC monolayers, which became procoagulant after incubation with PCC. The time courses of association and dissociation of the PCC-derived factor VIII bypassing activity of fixed and viable EC monolayers were both rapid. We conclude that EC may provide a privileged site for sequestration of constituents of PCC which express coagulant activity and which bypass the abnormality of factor VIII deficient plasma.

THE USE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN DISTANCE, PART-TIME AND FULL-TIME COURSES

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Almaziya G. Kataeva ◽  
◽  
Sergei D. Kataev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Internet Resources ◽  
Modern Development ◽  
Grammatical Skills ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Time Courses

The modern development of society determines the forms and content of the process of teaching foreign languages. The quantity and quality of information in the field of mastering a foreign language is constantly growing as a means of sociocultural, linguistic and cultural and professional development of an individual. A foreign language is currently considered as an integral part of intercultural communication in various fields of objective reality and the development of a culture of interethnic communication. In the process of teaching a foreign language, technologies are becoming increasingly important which makes it possible to achieve the required level of communicative competence in speaking and writing in a shorter time frame and to recreate a virtual spatial temporal communication environment with native speakers. In this regard, the form of distance learning can be more and more prospective, being psychologically more comfortable for students and teachers; many of its elements can be integrated into other forms of training. The article exposes certain information technologies, the use of which increases the effectiveness of teaching a foreign language in distance, part-time and full-time courses. On the example of specific interactive multimedia Internet resources in the field of learning the German language, the urgent importance of using computerized teaching methods for acquiring and enhancing pronunciation, lexical and grammatical skills and knowledge with the aim of forming linguistic and cultural and professional competence of students is emphasized. At the same time, the article highlights importance of non-verbal forms of communication for achieving the desired effect of verbal communication, while relying on relevant audiovisual Internet resources.

scholarly journals The Use of Pulse Oximetry in the Assessment of Acclimatization to High Altitude

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1263
Author(s):  
Tobias Dünnwald ◽  
Roland Kienast ◽  
David Niederseer ◽  
Martin Burtscher
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Oximetry ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Acute Mountain Sickness ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Peripheral Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Hypoxia Exposure ◽  
Lower Spo2 ◽  
Time Courses ◽  
Finger Pulse ◽  
Pulse Oximeters

Background: Finger pulse oximeters are widely used to monitor physiological responses to high-altitude exposure, the progress of acclimatization, and/or the potential development of high-altitude related diseases. Although there is increasing evidence for its invaluable support at high altitude, some controversy remains, largely due to differences in individual preconditions, evaluation purposes, measurement methods, the use of different devices, and the lacking ability to interpret data correctly. Therefore, this review is aimed at providing information on the functioning of pulse oximeters, appropriate measurement methods and published time courses of pulse oximetry data (peripheral oxygen saturation, (SpO2) and heart rate (HR), recorded at rest and submaximal exercise during exposure to various altitudes. Results: The presented findings from the literature review confirm rather large variations of pulse oximetry measures (SpO2 and HR) during acute exposure and acclimatization to high altitude, related to the varying conditions between studies mentioned above. It turned out that particularly SpO2 levels decrease with acute altitude/hypoxia exposure and partly recover during acclimatization, with an opposite trend of HR. Moreover, the development of acute mountain sickness (AMS) was consistently associated with lower SpO2 values compared to individuals free from AMS. Conclusions: The use of finger pulse oximetry at high altitude is considered as a valuable tool in the evaluation of individual acclimatization to high altitude but also to monitor AMS progression and treatment efficacy.

scholarly journals Mild traumatic brain injury induces microvascular injury and accelerates Alzheimer-like pathogenesis in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingxi Wu ◽  
Haijian Wu ◽  
Jianxiong Zeng ◽  
Brock Pluimer ◽  
Shirley Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Vascular Connection ◽  
Microvascular Injury ◽  
Amyloid Pathology ◽  
Blood Flow Reduction ◽  
5Xfad Mouse ◽  
Time Courses ◽  
5Xfad Mice ◽  
Pericyte Loss

Abstract Introduction Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is considered as the most robust environmental risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Besides direct neuronal injury and neuroinflammation, vascular impairment is also a hallmark event of the pathological cascade after TBI. However, the vascular connection between TBI and subsequent AD pathogenesis remains underexplored. Methods In a closed-head mild TBI (mTBI) model in mice with controlled cortical impact, we examined the time courses of microvascular injury, blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, gliosis and motor function impairment in wild type C57BL/6 mice. We also evaluated the BBB integrity, amyloid pathology as well as cognitive functions after mTBI in the 5xFAD mouse model of AD. Results mTBI induced microvascular injury with BBB breakdown, pericyte loss, basement membrane alteration and cerebral blood flow reduction in mice, in which BBB breakdown preceded gliosis. More importantly, mTBI accelerated BBB leakage, amyloid pathology and cognitive impairment in the 5xFAD mice. Discussion Our data demonstrated that microvascular injury plays a key role in the pathogenesis of AD after mTBI. Therefore, restoring vascular functions might be beneficial for patients with mTBI, and potentially reduce the risk of developing AD.

scholarly journals Motion correction of free-breathing magnetic resonance renography using model-driven registration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitra Flouri ◽  
Daniel Lesnic ◽  
Constantina Chrysochou ◽  
Jehill Parikh ◽  
Peter Thelwall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motion Correction ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Free Breathing ◽  
Patient Data ◽  
Reference Object ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Model Driven ◽  
Time Courses ◽  
Signal Time ◽  
Parametric Maps

Abstract Introduction Model-driven registration (MDR) is a general approach to remove patient motion in quantitative imaging. In this study, we investigate whether MDR can effectively correct the motion in free-breathing MR renography (MRR). Materials and methods MDR was generalised to linear tracer-kinetic models and implemented using 2D or 3D free-form deformations (FFD) with multi-resolution and gradient descent optimization. MDR was evaluated using a kidney-mimicking digital reference object (DRO) and free-breathing patient data acquired at high temporal resolution in multi-slice 2D (5 patients) and 3D acquisitions (8 patients). Registration accuracy was assessed using comparison to ground truth DRO, calculating the Hausdorff distance (HD) between ground truth masks with segmentations and visual evaluation of dynamic images, signal-time courses and parametric maps (all data). Results DRO data showed that the bias and precision of parameter maps after MDR are indistinguishable from motion-free data. MDR led to reduction in HD (HDunregistered = 9.98 ± 9.76, HDregistered = 1.63 ± 0.49). Visual inspection showed that MDR effectively removed motion effects in the dynamic data, leading to a clear improvement in anatomical delineation on parametric maps and a reduction in motion-induced oscillations on signal-time courses. Discussion MDR provides effective motion correction of MRR in synthetic and patient data. Future work is needed to compare the performance against other more established methods.

scholarly journals LineageOT is a unified framework for lineage tracing and trajectory inference

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aden Forrow ◽  
Geoffrey Schiebinger
Keyword(s):  
Graphical Models ◽  
Optimal Transport ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Lineage Tracing ◽  
Developmental Pathways ◽  
State Transitions ◽  
Unified Framework ◽  
Measured Time ◽  
Mathematical Problems ◽  
Time Courses

AbstractUnderstanding the genetic and epigenetic programs that control differentiation during development is a fundamental challenge, with broad impacts across biology and medicine. Measurement technologies like single-cell RNA-sequencing and CRISPR-based lineage tracing have opened new windows on these processes, through computational trajectory inference and lineage reconstruction. While these two mathematical problems are deeply related, methods for trajectory inference are not typically designed to leverage information from lineage tracing and vice versa. Here, we present LineageOT, a unified framework for lineage tracing and trajectory inference. Specifically, we leverage mathematical tools from graphical models and optimal transport to reconstruct developmental trajectories from time courses with snapshots of both cell states and lineages. We find that lineage data helps disentangle complex state transitions with increased accuracy using fewer measured time points. Moreover, integrating lineage tracing with trajectory inference in this way could enable accurate reconstruction of developmental pathways that are impossible to recover with state-based methods alone.

scholarly journals PK/PD Modeling of the PDE7 Inhibitor—GRMS-55 in a Mouse Model of Autoimmune Hepatitis

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 597
Author(s):  
Artur Świerczek ◽  
Hanna Plutecka ◽  
Marietta Ślusarczyk ◽  
Grażyna Chłoń-Rzepa ◽  
Elżbieta Wyska
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Autoimmune Hepatitis ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Progression Model ◽  
Adrenoceptor Agonist ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Disease Progression Model ◽  
Time Courses

This study aimed to assess the efficacy and explore the mechanisms of action of a potent phosphodiesterase (PDE)7A and a moderate PDE4B inhibitor GRMS-55 in a mouse model of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). The concentrations of GRMS-55 and relevant biomarkers were measured in the serum of BALB/c mice with concanavalin A (ConA)-induced hepatitis administered with GRMS-55 at two dose levels. A semi-mechanistic PK/PD/disease progression model describing the time courses of measured biomarkers was developed. The emetogenicity as a potential side effect of the studied compound was evaluated in the α2-adrenoceptor agonist-induced anesthesia model. The results indicate that liver damage observed in mice challenged with ConA was mainly mediated by TNF-α and IFN-γ. GRMS-55 decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory mediators and the transaminase activities in the serum of mice with AIH. The anti-inflammatory properties of GRMS-55, resulting mainly from PDE7A inhibition, led to a high hepatoprotective activity in mice with AIH, which was mediated by an inhibition of pro-inflammatory signaling. GRMS-55 did not induce the emetic-like behavior. The developed PK/PD/disease progression model may be used in future studies to assess the potency and explore the mechanisms of action of new investigational compounds for the treatment of AIH.

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