scholarly journals Solving Ethical Dilemmas in International Healthcare Professional Education: A Case Study Using a Revised Ethical Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Kate Thomas ◽  
James Smith ◽  
J Dwight Phillips ◽  
Shari Falkenheimer
Keyword(s):  
Professional Education ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Legal Standards ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
Structured Approach ◽  
Healthcare Professional Education

Ethical issues frequently arise during the practice of clinical medicine and when providing medical education.  These issues become particularly challenging when practicing and teaching medicine cross-culturally.  In this case study, a structured approach to managing ethical challenges effectively was found to assist in overcoming a conflict about potentially removing a seemingly incompetent medical trainee from a residency program.  The step-wise approach includes identifying relevant stakeholders; agreeing on actual background facts; understanding the various goals and values involved in the situation; reviewing locally applicable ethical, professional and legal standards; acknowledging limitations in various options to resolve the issues; and analyzing risks and benefits of the various courses of action.

scholarly journals Psychotherapy Ethics in Twentieth-Century Literature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Magdalena Elsner
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Therapeutic Relationship ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Twentieth Century Literature ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Century Literature

Ethical issues arising in the practice of psychotherapy, such as confidentiality, boundaries in the therapeutic relationship, and informed consent, figure prominently in a range of twentieth-century literary texts that portray psychotherapy. This chapter analyzes the portrayal of these conflicts, but also stresses that they are often marginal to the overall plot structures of these narratives and that literary depictions of psychotherapy are often vague or even inaccurate concerning key characteristics of psychotherapeutic practice. Focusing on examples that either illustrate professionalism and the absence of ethical challenges in psychotherapy, or take up the ethical reservations that fueled anti-Freudianism or the anti-psychiatry movement, the chapter proposes that selected literary depictions of psychotherapy can play a key role in sensitizing therapists to the complex make-up of ethical dilemmas as well as illustrating the cultural and historical contexts of these dilemmas.

OP82 Ethical Challenges Related To Engaging Patients And The Public In HTA

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (S1) ◽  
pp. 30-30
Author(s):  
Meredith Vanstone ◽  
Julia Bidonde ◽  
Ken Bond ◽  
Julia Abelson ◽  
Lisa Schwartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Engagement ◽  
Information Disclosure ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Recruitment Methods ◽  
The Public ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
Patient And Public Engagement

Introduction:It is widely recognized that the incorporation of patient and public perspectives can enrich health policy decision-making. Methodological and practical advice on engaging patients and the public has proliferated in recent years, with many health technology assessment (HTA) agencies working to formalize their processes in this area. However, despite growing enthusiasm for patient and public engagement, many ethical issues remain unaddressed including: balancing risks and benefits to participants; recruitment methods; reimbursement for time spent participating; representation; and, information disclosure.Methods:In this critical analysis, we draw on our collective experiences engaging with patients and public in the context of HTA. We use principles from two theories, i) research ethics, and ii) participatory governance, to analyze these challenges. The purpose of this analysis is to explore the ways in which risks and benefits to patient and public participants might be balanced in HTA activities.Results:We begin by describing some ethically challenging experiences we have faced when soliciting views and values from patients and members of the public, some anticipated and some unexpected. These challenges include unexpected disclosures of information, navigating power differentials when working with vulnerable populations, eliciting information about potentially traumatizing experiences, and fairly representing controversial and conflicting opinions. We offer examples about what types of patient engagement activities may subject participants to unreasonable risk, and suggest some guiding principles to help plan ethical patient and public engagement activities.Conclusions:Patient and public engagement requires more than just procedural methodological expertise- it also requires the ability to identify and analyze relevant ethical issues. We posit that health technology assessors have a moral obligation to ensure that the risks of patient and public engagement activities do not outweigh the benefits. We call upon the HTA community to engage in thoughtful deliberation about what can be learned from experiences within HTA and in other contexts.

Ethics in Palliative Care

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Macauley
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Moral Distress ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Life Threatening Illness ◽  
Unique Nature ◽  
The Right

No specialty faces more diverse and challenging ethical dilemmas than palliative medicine. What is the best way to plan ahead for the end of life? How should physicians respond when patients refuse treatments likely to be beneficial or demand treatments not likely to be? Who makes medical decisions for patients who are too ill to decide for themselves? Do patients have the “right to die” (and, if so, what exactly does that mean)? Other ethics texts have explored these issues but often from an academic perspective that overlooks the practical realities of clinical medicine. Conversely, medical textbooks frequently lack sufficient philosophical depth to fully explore the complexities of these issues. This complete guide to the ethics of palliative care combines clinical experience with philosophical rigor to provide a comprehensive analysis of this fascinating field. Using relevant case studies, core subjects such as intensive symptom management at the end of life, physician-assisted dying, and palliative sedation are examined from historical, legal, clinical, and ethical perspectives. Whereas pediatric issues are often an afterthought in palliative care textbooks, this guide explores the unique nature of ethical dilemmas in the prenatal, neonatal, and adolescent age groups. Other important topics such as neuro-palliative care, organ donation, research, and moral distress are also covered in detail. Written with clinical nuance for medical professionals—and clear language as well as a glossary for lay readers—this guide offers all readers an opportunity to explore and understand the fascinating ethical issues facing patients suffering from life-threatening illness.

Ethical Choices in Aesthetic Medicine and Beyond

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Lopez-Moriarty
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Dilemma ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Thought Process ◽  
Aesthetic Medicine ◽  
Professional Careers ◽  
Aesthetic Plastic Surgery ◽  
Ethical Choices ◽  
The Aesthetic

Practitioners will likely encounter significant ethical dilemmas during their professional careers. As these issues arise, practitioners will be required to analyze ethical issues and evaluate available choices. This case study discusses such an ethical dilemma in the context of aesthetic plastic surgery. The aesthetic provider is confronted with the question of whether or not to provide an ethically questionable procedure. The thought process discussed here can be extended beyond aesthetic medicine to all practitioners facing ethical dilemmas. An analysis of the principles of bioethics was undertaken. The principles of bioethics were then applied to the dilemma faced by the practitioner. Finally, a practical, 4-step system was constructed to be incorporated by the practitioner to guide in making ethically sound decisions.

scholarly journals Ethical Dilemmas Using Social Media in Qualitative Social Research: A Case Study of Online Participant Observation

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kath Hennell ◽  
Mark Limmer ◽  
Maria Piacentini
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Ethics Committees ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Qualitative Social Research ◽  
Use Of Social Media

Social media platforms that enable users to create and share online content with others are used increasingly in social research. This article explores the complex ethical issues associated with using social media for data collection, drawing on a study of the alcohol consumption practices of young people. It aims to contribute to debates about the practical and ethical challenges facing researchers using social media as a data collection tool, and to demonstrate how a reflexive approach to the research and the context in which the research takes place is critically important for supporting and enabling an ethical approach. The article concludes by recommending that researchers who face ethical dilemmas associated with the use of social media maintain an ongoing dialogue with their relevant ethics committees and other researchers to identify potential solutions and to share their findings.

scholarly journals Solving ethical dilemmas with children: Empowering classroom research

2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelann Parr
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Social Action ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Classroom Research ◽  
Classroom Ethnography ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
Research With Children ◽  
Ownership Choice ◽  
Five Phases

This article identifies and discusses ethical dilemmas inherent when undertaking research with children or other vulnerable populations: power relations, risks and benefits, and informed consent and confidentiality (Maguire, 2005). Ethical dilemmas often arise when researchers attempt to merge the interests of their research and the interests of their child participants. Classroom ethnography is offered as one example of how research can be conducted with children in a way that minimizes these ethical dilemmas. A case study is described in order to exemplify specifically how children respond when fully valued as speaking personalities and co-investigators. Conducted over a period of eight months, the inquiry and its participants moved through five phases that included initiating, exploring, implementing, adopting, and reflecting. Results suggest that legitimate consent, minimized risk, maximized benefit, and shared power through ownership, choice, and social action are of paramount importance when researching with children or any other vulnerable population.

scholarly journals “No More Cakes and Ale?” Discovering Ethical Gray Areas in a Design Anthropology Class

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Jo Aiken ◽  
Victoria Schlieder ◽  
Christina Wasson
Keyword(s):  
Experiential Learning ◽  
Graduate Program ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Study Participant ◽  
Extreme Case ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Ethical Codes ◽  
Sharp Focus ◽  
Gray Areas

This article examines how ethics were learned in a design anthropology class. Training in ethics is an essential part of any graduate program in anthropology, and we show how it was built into this course. At the same time, the fieldwork that students conducted as part of a client project for Motorola confronted some of them with unexpected and ethically ambiguous circumstances, which generated experiential learning as well. Regardless of how clearly ethical codes are written, researchers will always encounter gray areas in the field. The article presents a case study of one study participant who may have been intoxicated, analyzing this as an “extreme case” that brought ethical dilemmas into sharp focus. We conclude with suggestions for navigating ethical gray areas, based on class discussions about this and other ethical challenges.

scholarly journals Ethical Issues of Psychiatric Nursing in Japan: A Literature Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ogino M
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Family System ◽  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Psychiatric Nursing ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Psychiatric Nurses ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Cultural Aspects

Aim: The aim of this paper is to examine the latest research and literature related to psychiatric nursing in Japan in orderto shed light on the ethical challenges that the field currently faces. Methods: A literature search was conducted using the keywords psychiatric nursing and nursing ethics within the searchsystem of the Japan Medical Abstracts Society. We examined recent literature (2013–2018) as well as research articles onexcited literature. Result: We examined 24 of literatures related to ethics in psychiatric nursing. These studies showed that psychiatricnurses perceive their ethical dilemmas to be “an inability to respect the patient’s wishes,” “restricting the movement ofpatients,” “conflict between patients and their families,” “interaction with patients,” and “insufficient communicationbetween treatment providers.” Discussion: Problems that psychiatric nurses in Japan perceived as ethical dilemmas arise from the nature of mental illnesses and are ethical quandaries that every country must deal with. One of the reasons psychiatric nurses in Japan feel that restricting the movement of patients creates an ethical dilemma has to do with the country’s former yet longstanding practice of committing mentally disabled individuals to psychiatric facilities. Some of Japan’s cultural aspects that influence ethical issues in psychiatric treatment are its family system and its methods of human interaction. Conclusion: It is essential that psychiatric nurses understand their own culture and maintain an ethical view as members of the nursing profession.

scholarly journals Ethical Issues of Chemoprevention Clinical Trials

1997 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor G. Vogel ◽  
Lisa S. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
New Type ◽  
Conflicting Interests ◽  
Trial Monitoring

Background Chemoprevention of malignancy is a new concept in clinical medicine, and little is written about the ethics of identifying and enrolling eligible subjects in chemoprevention clinical trials. Methods The authors identify the ethical issues raised in the conduct of clinical chemoprevention trials and review the ethical considerations that should guide clinical researchers in the design and conduct of this new type of clinical trial. Results The ethics of chemoprevention clinical trials are complicated because (1) chemoprevention lies at the intersection of disease management and health promotion, (2) there are conflicting interests competing in these trials, and (3) multiple values play a role in determining the nature and magnitude of the risks and benefits of chemoprevention of cancer. Ethical questions related to these trials concern the enrollment of healthy individuals rather than cancer patients, confidentiality in recruitment, the enrollment of “high-risk” subjects, randomization, informed consent, trial monitoring, and competing outcomes and toxicities. Conclusions These issues will be resolved with the accumulating clinical experience and ethical deliberations that accompany ongoing clinical chemoprevention research studies.

scholarly journals Overcoming Ethical Challenges in Conducting Research Among Persons With Dementia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 20-21
Author(s):  
Jeanine Yonashiro Cho ◽  
Elizabeth Avent ◽  
Roberta Peterson ◽  
Laura Mosqueda ◽  
Zachary Gassoumis
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Care Partners ◽  
Moderate Dementia ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
The Right

Abstract By 2060, the number of older adults with Alzhemier’s Disease or related dementias (ADRD) is expected to encompass approximately 13.9 million Americans. Recognizing this, the federal government has prioritized research on ADRD and their effect on the physical, emotional, and psychological well-being of persons with dementia (PWD). Such research is complicated by disease-associated decline in cognitive and functional capacity among PWDs which can impair participant ability to process and communicate information, potentially increasing their exposure to negative research-related experiences and compromising the accuracy and reliability of provided data. Nevertheless, as a key stakeholder group, PWD should have the right to participate in research on ADRD. This session will present a case study of ethical issues that emerged in an NIH-funded study utilizing mixed-methods to examine caregiving and care dyad relationships between PWD and their care partners over an 18-month follow-up period. Ethical issues examined will include: (1) PWD capacity to consent to research at baseline and (2) during follow-up visits, (3) Obtaining accurate and reliable data from persons with mild to moderate dementia, (4) Assessing PWD distress while engaging in data collection processes, and (5) Reporting of negative caregiving and life experiences, such as elder mistreatment. The discussion of these topics and presentation of lessons learned holds promise for improving research methodology in studies involving PWD and enabling researchers to increase the involvement of persons with mild to moderate dementia in research on ADRD.

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