Production process of zeolite X using alum sludge issued from drinking water treatment plants

2012 ◽  
Vol 1380 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Espejel-Ayala ◽  
R. M. Ramírez Z.
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Zeolite X ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Alum Sludge

ABSTRACTThe present work describes a patent applied for registration at the IMPI (Instituto Mexicano de la Propiedad Industrial) of a production process of zeolite X using as raw materials alum sludges issued from drinking water treatment plants. Sludge sample was collected in a water drinking plant located northern Mexico City. The sample was dried and then physicochemical and microbiological analyses were carried out (metal content, main oxides content, mineralogical analysis, helminth eggs content, fecal coliforms). In accordance with its characterization, two main steps of the zeolites production process were performed: 1) alkaline fusion of alum sludge-NaOH mixture for increasing the dissolved precursor’s content and 2) alkaline hydrothermal treatment. Spherical particles of zeolite X were identified by SEM and XRD respectively. The best synthesized zeolite showed a CEC=2.11 meq/g, value being similar to the data reported for clinoptilolite (the most commonly zeolite used for water treatment in the removal of heavy metals). Thus, the synthesized zeolite X in this work can be used for the same purpose.

Occurrence of pathogenic microorganisms in the Saint Lawrence River (Canada) and comparison of health risks for populations using it as their source of drinking water

2000 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 565-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Payment ◽  
Aminata Berte ◽  
Michèle Prévost ◽  
Bruno Ménard ◽  
Benoît Barbeau
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Giardia Infection ◽  
Bacterial Indicators ◽  
Treatment Practices ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Annual Risk

A 300-km portion of the Saint Lawrence hydrological basin in the province of Québec (Canada) and 45 water treatment plants were studied. River water used by drinking water treatment plants was analyzed (6-L sample volumes) to determine the level of occurrence of bacterial indicators (total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and Clostridium perfringens) and pathogens (Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium, human enteric viruses). Pathogens and bacterial indicators were found at all sites at a wide range of values. Logistic regression analysis revealed significant correlations between the bacterial indicators and the pathogens. Physicochemical and treatment practices data were collected from most water treatment plants and used to estimate the level of removal of pathogens achieved under cold (0°C-4°C) and warm (20°C-25°C) water temperature conditions. The calculated removal values were then used to estimate the annual risk of Giardia infection using mathematical models and to compare the sites. The estimated range of probability of infection ranged from 0.75 to less than 0.0001 for the populations exposed. Given the numerous assumptions made, the model probably overestimated the annual risk, but it provided comparative data of the efficacy of the water treatment plants and thereby contributes to the protection of public health.Key words: public health, drinking water, health risk, pathogen occurrence.

Two Year Survey of Indicator Bacteria and Enteroviruses during the Preparation of Drinking Water from Three Water Treatment Plants in Paris Suburbs

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 107-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Joret ◽  
T. Dupin ◽  
A. Hassen ◽  
F. Agbalika ◽  
P. Hartemann
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
River Water ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Virus Removal ◽  
Coxsackievirus B4 ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

Three conventional drinking water treatment plants were sampled monthly during a two year period for the removal of indicator bacteria and enteroviruses. Most 20 ℓ samples of raw river water were positive for viruses (principally Coxsackievirus B4 and B6, and echoviruses) with average virus concentrations varying from 0-3.5 PFU/ℓ for the less polluted river water (103-104 fecal coliforms/100 mℓ) to 0.1-20 PFU/ℓ for the highly polluted source (104-105 fecal coliforms/100 mℓ). In spite of these high levels of bacterial contamination, no viruses were detected from the 72 samples of 1 000 ℓ finished water. These results are discussed in regard to the virus removal efficiency of each treatment step previously evaluated by both pilot plant and full-scale water treatment plant studies. The mean virus removal was found to be 0-85% for storage (3 day period) of river water, 64-98% for preozonation (0.8 mg/ℓ/2-3 minutes), 31-90% for clarification by coagulation, flocculation and decantation, and 77-99% for sand filtration (5m/h). Total coliform counts were found to be good indicators of treatment for the presence of viruses in postozonated (1.5 mg/ℓ/10 min) water.

Drinking Water Surveillance Program in the St. Clair-Detroit River Area 1985/86

1986 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.J. Roberts ◽  
R.B. Hunsinger ◽  
A.H. Vajdic
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Sampling Protocol ◽  
Detroit River ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

Abstract The Drinking Water Surveillance Program (DWSP), developed by the Ontario Ministry of the Environment, is an assessment project based on standardized analytical and sampling protocol. This program was recently instituted in response to a series of contaminant occurrences in the St. Clair-Detroit River area of Southwestern Ontario. This paper outlines the details and goals of the program and provides information concerning micro-contaminants in drinking water at seven drinking water treatment plants in Southwestern Ontario.

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Enables Understanding of PolyDiallyldimethyl Ammonium Chloride Composition and N-Nitrosodimethylamine Formation During Chloramination

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Donovan ◽  
Ariel Jasmine Atkinson ◽  
Natalia Fischer ◽  
Amelia E Taylor ◽  
Johann Kieffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic

PolyDiallyldimethyl Ammonium Chloride (PolyDADMAC) is the most commonly used polymer at drinking water treatment plants and has the potential to form nitrosamines, like N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), if free polymer is present...

Characterization of NOM in a drinking water treatment process train with no disinfectant residual

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Baghoth ◽  
M. Dignum ◽  
A. Grefte ◽  
J. Kroesbergen ◽  
G. L. Amy
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Fluorescence Excitation ◽  
Water Treatment Process ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

For drinking water treatment plants that do not use disinfectant residual in the distribution system, it is important to limit availability of easily biodegradable natural organic matter (NOM) fractions which could enhance bacterial regrowth in the distribution system. This can be achieved by optimising the removal of those fractions of interest during treatment; however, this requires a better understanding of the physical and chemical properties of these NOM components. Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) and liquid chromatography with online organic carbon detection (LC-OCD) were used to characterize NOM in water samples from one of the two water treatment plants serving Amsterdam, The Netherlands. No disinfectant residual is applied in the distribution system. Fluorescence EEM and LC-OCD were used to track NOM fractions. Whereas fluorescence EEM shows the reduction of humic-like as well as protein-like fluorescence signatures, LC-OCD was able to quantify the changes in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations of five NOM fractions: humic substances, building blocks (hydrolysates of humics), biopolymers, low molecular weight acids and neutrals.

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