Doped Gels for Optical Limiting Applications.

1994 ◽  
Vol 374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Brunel ◽  
Michael Canva ◽  
Alain Brun ◽  
Frédéric Chaput ◽  
Laurent Malier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sol Gel ◽  
Excited State Absorption ◽  
Optical Limiting ◽  
Covalent Bonding ◽  
Indirect Measurement ◽  
Saturable Absorption ◽  
Reverse Saturable Absorption ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
532 Nm

AbstractAluminophthalocyanine and fullerene were trapped in solid transparent matrices using the sol-gel process. The covalent bonding to the matrix improved the chemical stability of the fullerene doped sample. Solid state optical limiting at 532 nm, mainly due to reverse saturable absorption processes, was observed with such samples. The non-linear transmission threshold was typically about 10 mJ/cm2 and an induced density of 1.6 was observed with three orders of magnitude greater illumination. Fluorescent decay measurements support the choice of a three energy level absorption model for the process, which allows indirect measurement of the excited-state absorption.

Optical Limiting Processes in Derivatized Fullerenes and Porphyrins/Phthalocyanines

1997 ◽  
Vol 488 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kohlman ◽  
V. Klimov ◽  
X. Shi ◽  
M. Grigorova ◽  
B. R. Mattes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Response ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Excited State Absorption ◽  
Damage Threshold ◽  
Optical Limiting ◽  
Spectral Studies ◽  
Saturable Absorption ◽  
Reverse Saturable Absorption ◽  
Dynamical Response ◽  
Gel Glasses

AbstractWe review our results from spectral studies of the ultrafast excited-state absorption in fullerenes and derivatized fullerenes. These results allow determination of both the spectral response of reverse saturable absorption (RSA) nonlinearities such as optical limiting (OL) in fullerenes, and the dynamical response for different morphologies. We have investigated the effects of thin film and various sol-gel glass environments on the nanosecond OL and femtosecond dynamics of derivatized fullerenes. These data provide evidence of decay pathways which compete with the intersystem crossing to a triplet from the initial singlet states. With appropriate processing, however, the OL response of derivatized-fullerene sol-gel glasses can be enhanced to approach that of the same molecule in solution, while significantly enhancing the optical damage threshold. The optical limiting of these derivatized fullerenes is compared with that of various porphyrin and phthalocyanine molecules.

Optical limiting properties of water-soluble phthalocyanine derivatives

2003 ◽  
Vol 07 (06) ◽  
pp. 447-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Zhang ◽  
Zhou Yang ◽  
Hongwei Liu ◽  
Fu Xi ◽  
Zhi-xin Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Excited State Absorption ◽  
Optical Limiting ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Saturable Absorption ◽  
Reverse Saturable Absorption ◽  
Solubility In Water ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Good Solubility ◽  
532 Nm

The optical-limiting properties of several water-soluble phthalocyanine derivatives in aqueous solution were measured at 532 nm with 10 ns pulses. The excited state absorption cross-section σex of the derivatives were determined with the Z-scan technique. The results showed that the phthalocyanine derivatives are materials for reverse saturable absorption. It was noted that the optical limiting performance of the phthalocyanine derivatives in aqueous solutions can be controlled through the addition of alkalis. These phthalocyanine derivatives possess good solubility in water and optical limiting controllability, which give rise to their use for practical applications.

THIRD-ORDER NONLINEARITIES AND OPTICAL LIMITING OF C60 POLYURETHANE–UREA FILMS

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (01) ◽  
pp. 45-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHENG-LI GUO ◽  
BING GU ◽  
TAO ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Excited State Absorption ◽  
Optical Limiting ◽  
Homogeneous Material ◽  
Saturable Absorption ◽  
Reverse Saturable Absorption ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Limiting Behavior ◽  
Nonlinear Optical Absorption ◽  
The Difference ◽  
532 Nm

We report on the measurement of the nonlinear optical absorption and refraction coefficients of C60-containing polyurethane–urea films on a nanosecond scale at a 532-nm wavelength, using the Z-scan technique. The optical limiting properties were also observed. The results show that the C60 polyurethane–urea is a kind of homogeneous material with a range of C60 content. With the difference in C60 content in polymers, the optical limiting properties are many and the required transmittance and transmitted energy can be altered depending on the C60 content in polymers. We suggest that the third-order nonlinearities and optical limiting behavior are consistent with excited-state absorption (reverse saturable absorption) as a mechanism.

Photophysics and reverse saturable absorption of cationic dinuclear iridium(iii) complexes bearing fluorenyl-tethered 2-(quinolin-2-yl)quinoxaline ligands

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuifen Lu ◽  
Taotao Lu ◽  
Peng Cui ◽  
Svetlana Kilina ◽  
Wenfang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Excited State ◽  
Excited State Absorption ◽  
Saturable Absorption ◽  
Reverse Saturable Absorption ◽  
Triplet Excited State ◽  
532 Nm

Dinuclear Ir(iii) complexes tethered by fluorenyl motif exhibited weak 1,3MLCT/1,3LLCT absorption at >500 nm, dual phosphorescence, broad triplet excited-state absorption, and reverse saturable absorption at 532 nm.

Nonlinear Optical Properties of Modified Carbocyanines

1997 ◽  
Vol 479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nansheng Tang ◽  
Weijie Su ◽  
Thomas M. Cooper ◽  
Daniel G. McLean ◽  
Donna M. Brandelik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Excited State Absorption ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
Saturable Absorption ◽  
Reverse Saturable Absorption ◽  
Pump Probe ◽  
Chirped Pulses ◽  
Molecular Hyperpolarizability ◽  
Meso Position ◽  
532 Nm

AbstractWe studied the optical nonlinearities of modified 3,3′-diethylthiadicarbocyanine iodides (X-DTDCI) in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solutions (X = H, Cl, Br at meso position) by a pump-probe technique with crossed polarized chirped laser pulses at room temperature. Reverse-saturable-absorption (RSA) with monoexponential lifetimes is observed at 532 nm in all the samples studied. We determined the effective excited-state absorption cross-sections and their lifetimes for all the samples investigated and found that they clearly correlate to the substituent X at the meso position. Empowered by the chirped pulses, a much faster nonlinearity with a decay time of ˜3.1 ps that is much shorter than the laser pulses used, is unveiled in Cl-DTDCI. We expressed both the absorptive and the refractive part of this fast nonlinearity as the equivalent molecular hyperpolarizability γ1212 and found γ1212 = (8.1 + i9.8) × 10−32erg−1.

PICOSECOND REVERSE SATURABLE ABSORPTION AND OPTICAL LIMITING IN FULLERENES AND THEIR METAL DERIVATIVES

2000 ◽  
Vol 09 (04) ◽  
pp. 505-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. CALLAGHAN ◽  
W. J. BLAU ◽  
F. Z. HENARI
Keyword(s):  
Excited State ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Optical Limiting ◽  
Saturable Absorption ◽  
Reverse Saturable Absorption ◽  
Picosecond Pulses ◽  
Metal Derivatives ◽  
532 Nm

Investigations of the reverse saturable absorption behaviour of Fullerenes C 60 and C 70 and some of their Pt and Pd metal derivatives have been carried out with picosecond pulses at 532 nm. From intensity dependent transmission measurements, coupled with a population level kinetic analysis, excited state cross sections were determined for the materials. These show that C 60 possesses the largest excited state to ground state cross-section ratio and that, of the materials studied, it offers the best optical limiting ability around 532 nm. C 70, due to its large ground state absorption, has been shown not to be an efficient limiter. The metal derivatives perform better than C 70 but less efficiently than C 60.

Synthesis of Silver Nanowires and Investigation of their Optical Limiting Properties

2011 ◽  
Vol 295-297 ◽  
pp. 152-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya Ping Han ◽  
Ming Hai Luo ◽  
Qing Wen Wang ◽  
Jin Xin Wang ◽  
Xue Lian Gao
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanowires ◽  
Picosecond Laser ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
Optical Limiting ◽  
Saturable Absorption ◽  
Reverse Saturable Absorption ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Current Electric Field ◽  
532 Nm ◽  
State Ionic

Silver nanowires were fabricated in a direct current electric field using a solid-state ionic method, and were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The reverse saturable absorption and optical limiting properties in silver nanowires, suspended in de-ionized water were investigated by using an EKSPLA (PL2143A) picosecond laser, which produced 30 ps laser pulses at 532 nm with a repetition rate of 2 Hz. Experimental results indicate silver nanowires have obvious optical limiting properties.

Polymer Materials Design for Optical Limiting

1997 ◽  
Vol 479 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. H. Cumpston ◽  
K. Mansour ◽  
A. A. Heikal ◽  
J. W. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Excited State ◽  
Excited State Absorption ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Optical Limiting ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
Saturable Absorption ◽  
Nanosecond Laser ◽  
Reverse Saturable Absorption ◽  
Discrete Elements

AbstractPhthalocyanines (PC's) containing heavy metal central atoms have recently been recognized as leading candidates for reverse saturable absorption and optical limiting (OL) applications in the visible spectrum. Strong triplet excited state absorption brought about by a large intersystem crossing rate is responsible for the excellent limiting performance of these molecules. Moreover, devices which maximize the excited state population along the light path will demonstrate maximum limiting efficiency. A non-homogeneous distribution of indium tetra(tert-butyl) phthalocyanine chloride (InC1PC) has been shown to be very effective in attenuating 532 nm nanosecond laser pulses. This was accomplished by approximating a hyperbolic distribution of chromophores using discrete elements of fixed dye concentration. Greater OL should be achieved by fabricating materials containing a continuous concentration gradient of chromophore. This paper focuses on issues concerning the preparation of solid polymeric materials that contain such a chromophore gradient. This design is achieved by diffusing chromophore-containing solutions into partially polymerized poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA).

Reverse saturable Absorption in Organically Doped Xerogels

1997 ◽  
Vol 479 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Brunel ◽  
F. Chaput ◽  
S. A. Vinogradov ◽  
B. Campagne ◽  
M. Canva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Visible Spectrum ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
Saturable Absorption ◽  
Nanosecond Laser ◽  
Reverse Saturable Absorption ◽  
Saturable Absorbers ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
Nanosecond Laser Pulses

AbstractPd and Zn - tetraphenyltetrabenzoporphyrins (PdTPTBP and ZnTPTBP), hexacyanin 3 (HITCI), and substituted phthalocyanines were incorporated in solid-state matrices (xerogels) using a sol-gel process. Nonlinear reverse saturable absorption was observed with those materials when they were illuminated with nanosecond laser pulses at 532 nm, or other wavelengths in the visible spectrum (between 450 nm and 630 nm). PdTPTBP doped xerogels exhibit a nonlinear activation threshold of about 10 mJ/cm , which is much lower than the value of 80 mJ/cm2 obtained under similar conditions with classical Al phthalocyanine chloride, or HITCI molecules. Solid state “red active” reverse saturable absorbers can be obtained with substituted phthalocyanines doped xerogels. The different experimental results are discussed using classical 4- energy level diagrams.

Hybrid materials for Optical Limiting

2004 ◽  
Vol 847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Örtenblad ◽  
Stephane Parola ◽  
Frédéric Chaput ◽  
Cédric Desroches ◽  
Catherine Sigala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Hybrid Materials ◽  
Molecular Species ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Wavelength Region ◽  
Optical Limiting ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Matrix Class ◽  
The Stability

ABSTRACTMaterials based on alkynyl platinum derivatives and thiacalixarenes were prepared through the sol-gel process The molecular species were grafted to the matrix (class II hybrid) in order to maximise the concentration and the stability of the final solid-state material Broadband optical limiting performance in the visible wavelength region was observed in the prepared materials Thermomechanical characterisation of the matrix is also discussed.

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