Corrosion of Simulated Nuclear Waste Glass in a Gamma Radiation Field

1984 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Yokoyama ◽  
H-P Hermansson ◽  
H Christensen ◽  
I-K Björner ◽  
L Werme
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Radiation Field ◽  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Buffering Effect ◽  
Nuclear Waste Glass ◽  
Gamma Irradiated ◽  
Glass Leaching

AbstractTwo types of simulated nuclear waste glasses were leached and simultaneously gamma-irradiated. The leachate pH was reduced through irradiation, which enhanced glass leaching at room temperature. In contrast, the pH was maintained almost neutral in the experiment at 90°C and the leach rates were about five times lower than those for the glass leached at 90°C but out of the radiation field. Most of the leach rates correlated with the final pH of the leachate. Ground water, granite and bentonite moderates the effect of gammairradiation, probably because of a buffering effect. Simultaneous weathering and irradiation could greatly change the surface morphology of the glass.

scholarly journals Does Fully Radioactive Glass Behave Differently than Simulated Waste Glass?

1992 ◽  
Vol 294 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Feng ◽  
J. K. Bates ◽  
C. R. Bradley ◽  
E. C. Buck
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Field ◽  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Potassium Feldspar ◽  
Waste Glass ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Static Tests ◽  
Leach Rate ◽  
Nuclear Waste Glass ◽  
Surface Alteration ◽  
Leach Behavior

ABSTRACTStatic tests at SA/V (ratio of surface area of glass to solution volume) 20,000 m−1 on SRL 200 glass compositions show that, at long test periods, the simulated nuclear waste glass (nonradioactive) leaches faster than the corresponding radioactive glass by a factor of about 40, although comparative tests, done through 560 days, at lower SA/V, 2000 m−1, indicate little difference in the leach behavior of the two types of glasses. The similarity in leach behavior between radioactive and simulated glasses at SAN of 2000 m−1 or lower is also observed for SRL 165/42 and 131/11 compositions. The accelerated glass reaction with the simulated glass 200S is associated with the formation of crystalline phases such as clinoptilolite (or potassium feldspar), and a pH excursion. The radiation field generated by the fully radioactive glass reduces the solution pH. This lower pH, in turn, may retard the onset of increased reaction rate. The radiation field generated by the radioactive glasses does not directly affect the stability of the glass surface alteration layer under those conditions where the radioactive and simulated glasses react at the same rate. These results suggest that the fully radioactive nuclear waste glass 200R may maintain a much lower leach rate than the simulated 200S, if the lower pH in the 200R leachate can be sustained. Meaningful comparison tests between radioactive and simulated nuclear waste glasses should include long-term and high SA/V tests.

Long-Term Corrosion Behavior of Copper-Base Materials in a Gamma-Irradiated Environment

1986 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wlyne H. Yunker ◽  
Robert S. Glass
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Pure Copper ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Uniform Corrosion ◽  
Copper Base ◽  
Base Materials ◽  
Gamma Irradiated

AbstractThe U. S. Department of Energy is currently evaluating the feasibility of using copper-base materials for the manufacture of nuclear waste con- tainers. One site under consideration for geologic disposal of nuclear waste is at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. One feature of this waste repository will be the initial presence of ionizing gamma radiation at high dose rates, which may alter the corrosive medium. To evaluate such effects, three copper-base materials (pure copper, 7% aluminum-copper and 30% nickel-copper) have been exposed (presgntly up to 14 months) to a gamma radiation field of approxi- mately 1 × 104 roentgens/hr. The exposure environments have been: 1) both groundwater (regional to the repository site, although taken from a lower elevation) at 95°C; 2) the water-vapor saturated air phase above it; and 3) air/water vapor at 150°C. In addition to uniform corrosion, both pitting and crevice corrosion have been observed. Characterization of the corrosion layers by X-ray diffraction has shown the presence of mixed copper(I) and copper(II) oxides. Studies by Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) have also been conducted in order to further characterize the compositions and structures of these corrosion products.

scholarly journals POSTHARVEST OF IRRADIATED TAHITI LIME FRUITS

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
SIMONE RODRIGUES DA SILVA ◽  
DÉBORA NANCY FERNANDES BEZERRA ◽  
MEIRE MENEZES BASSAN ◽  
TATIANA CANTUARIAS-AVILÉS ◽  
VALTER ARTHUR
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Postharvest Quality ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Gamma Irradiated ◽  
Physical And Chemical

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the postharvest quality evolution of gamma-irradiated ‘Tahiti’ limes. Shiny, olivegreen fruits with coarse skin (56 cm equatorial diameter) harvested in commercial orchars and processed in commercial packing house line were used. In a preliminary assay, fruits harvested in April 2011 were exposed to a gamma radiation range from 0 to 750 Gy. The 250 and 750 Gy doses negatively affected skin quality and pulp of exposed fruits. For this reason, new assays were carried out using lower doses to irradiate fruits harvested in July 2011 (off-season) and January 2012 (regular harvest period). Fruit harvested in both periods were selected and exposed to radiation doses of 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 Gy. All irradiations occurred at a rate of 0.46 Gy/h. After fruit irradiation, physical and chemical analyses were performed along a 20-day storage period at room temperature (24 ± 1ºC and 80 ± 5% RH). Irradiation of fruits harvested in July 2011 and January 2012 and treated with doses of up to 200 Gy did not affect the ascorbic acid content, but doses > 100 Gy caused skin yellowing of fruits harvested on both periods. Gamma radiation at doses = 50 Gy reduced the total soluble solids content in off-season fruits. Exposure of fruits harvested in the main harvest period to radiation doses = 150 Gy increased weight loss. Irradiation of ‘Tahiti’ limes at doses between 50 Gy and 700 Gy did not preserve postharvest quality during storage at room temperature.

Gamma radiation induced changes in nuclear waste glass containing Eu

2011 ◽  
Vol 406 (20) ◽  
pp. 3980-3984 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mohapatra ◽  
R.M. Kadam ◽  
R.K. Mishra ◽  
C.P. Kaushik ◽  
B.S. Tomar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Waste Glass ◽  
Nuclear Waste Glass ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Induced Changes

Gamma Radiation-Induced Changes in Trombay Nuclear Waste Glass Containing Iron

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj Mohapatra ◽  
Ramakant M. Kadam ◽  
Raman K. Mishra ◽  
Chetan P. Kaushik ◽  
Bhupendra S. Tomar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Waste Glass ◽  
Nuclear Waste Glass ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Induced Changes

A Preliminary Examination of Material Segregation in a Nuclear Waste Glass

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 210-211
Author(s):  
D. G. Howitt ◽  
J. F. DeNatale ◽  
D. K. McElfresh ◽  
R.H. Geiss
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Borosilicate Glass ◽  
Crystallization Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Waste Containment ◽  
Preliminary Examination ◽  
Simulated Waste ◽  
Nuclear Waste Glass

The glasses proposed for nuclear waste containment are ideally homogeneous in their dissolution of the waste components and relatively free from devitrified products. Incomplete dissolution will likely result in poor durability arising from the enhanced leachinq of the undissolved waste materials whilst devitrified products might give rise to interfacial decohesion and the provision of additional pathways for this same effect. A borosilicate glass similar in composition to those put forward as candidates for commercial nuclear waste containment was combined with a compatible mixture of simulated waste oxides at 1100°C for five hours. The resulting glass was annealed for eighteen hours at the maximum crystallization temperature of the pure glass and then quenched to room temperature prior to examination by electron microscopy.

Infrared Spectroscopy Structural Analysis of Corroded Nuclear Waste Glass K-26

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Stefanovsky ◽  
Alexander Barinov ◽  
Galina Varlakova ◽  
Irene Startseva ◽  
Michael I. Ojovan
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Waste Glass ◽  
Nuclear Waste Glass

Influence of Momentary Annealing on the Nanoscale Surface Morphology of Room Temperature Pulsed Laser Deposited NiO(111) Epitaxial Thin Films on Atomically Stepped Sapphire (0001) Substrates

2013 ◽  
Vol 1507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryosuke Yamauchi ◽  
Geng Tan ◽  
Daishi Shiojiri ◽  
Nobuo Tsuchimine ◽  
Koji Koyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Pulsed Laser ◽  
Film Surface ◽  
Transient State ◽  
Epitaxial Thin Films ◽  
Flat Surfaces ◽  
Surface Nanostructure ◽  
Atomically Flat

ABSTRACTWe examined the influence of momentary annealing on the nanoscale surface morphology of NiO(111) epitaxial thin films deposited on atomically stepped sapphire (0001) substrates at room temperature in O2 at 1.3 × 10−3 and 1.3 × 10−6 Pa using a pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. The NiO films have atomically flat surfaces (RMS roughness: approximately 0.1–0.2 nm) reflecting the step-and-terrace structures of the substrates, regardless of the O2 deposition pressure. After rapid thermal annealing (RTA) of the NiO(111) epitaxial film deposited at 1.3 × 10−3 Pa O2, a periodic straight nanogroove array related to the atomic steps of the substrate was formed on the film surface for 60 s. In contrast, the fabrication of a transient state in the nanogroove array formation was achieved with RTA of less than 1 s. However, when the O2 atmosphere during PLD was 1.3 × 10−6 Pa, random crystal growth was observed and resulted in a disordered rough surface nanostructure after RTA.

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