Characterization of Grain Boundaries in Electronic Ceramics by Transmission Electron Microscopy
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ABSTRACTThe principal high resolution transmission electron microscopy techniques used in characterizing grain boundaries in electronic ceramics are described, including those recently developed for detecting the presence of extremely thin (∼10Å) intergranular phases. The capabilities of the techniques are illustrated with examples drawn from studies of ZnO varistors, PTC BaTiO3 devices and boundary layer capacitors.