Nanoindentation Hardness of Compositionally Modulated Ti/TiN Multilayered Films

1997 ◽  
Vol 505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiji Kusano ◽  
Masaru Kitagawa ◽  
Hidehito Nanto ◽  
Akira Kinbara
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Hardness Measurement ◽  
Film Deposition ◽  
Multilayered Films ◽  
Dynamic Hardness ◽  
Modulation Period ◽  
Compositional Modulation ◽  
Film Hardness ◽  
Control Pattern ◽  
Flow Rate Control

ABSTRACTA detailed study of microhardness of multilayered films has been strongly needed to reveal effects of film layer structures and deposition conditions on the film hardness. A nanoindentation method is a useful method to investigate mechanical properties of thin films prepared on substrate materials. In this respect we have deposited a several types of Ti/TiN multilayered films and estimated their hardness by a nanoindentation method. The desired compositional modulation was obtained by changing the flow rate of N2gas periodically using a computer system. The modulation period has been varied from 10 to 40nm by changing a flow rate control pattern. The total thickness of the film was about 500nm including the underlayer of the TiO2(50nm)/Ti(50nm) multilayer for all samples with different modulation period. Substrates used in the experiment were borosilicate glass and not heated during film deposition. The compositional distribution toward to the film depth orientation was estimated by Auger electron spectroscopy. The dynamic hardness of the films has been estimated by a nanoindenter as a function of the modulation period. It was found that there existed an optimum modulation period of 20nm to enhance the film hardness by multilayer structure.. The maximum value of microhardness obtained for the optimum modulation period was 29GPa, which was much larger than that of the monolithic TiN coating of 15GPa. The hardness measurement results show that the behavior for dynamic hardness was different from that for plastic deformation hardness obtained.

Continuous separation of particles using a microfluidic device equipped with flow rate control valves

2006 ◽  
Vol 1127 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 214-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuushi Sai ◽  
Masumi Yamada ◽  
Masahiro Yasuda ◽  
Minoru Seki
Keyword(s):  
Microfluidic Device ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Rate Control ◽  
Continuous Separation ◽  
Control Valves ◽  
Flow Rate Control

Variable Powder Flow Rate Control in Laser Metal Deposition Processes

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lie Tang ◽  
Jianzhong Ruan ◽  
Robert G. Landers ◽  
Frank Liou
Keyword(s):  
Transport System ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Rate Control ◽  
Metal Deposition ◽  
Powder Flow ◽  
Laser Metal Deposition ◽  
Motion System ◽  
Powder Flow Rate ◽  
Deposition Processes ◽  
Flow Rate Control

This paper proposes a novel method, called Variable Powder Flow Rate Control (VPFRC), for the regulation of powder flow rate in laser metal deposition processes. The idea of VPFRC is to adjust the powder flow rate to maintain a uniform powder deposition per unit length even when disturbances occur (e.g., the motion system accelerates and decelerates). Dynamic models of the powder delivery system motor and the powder transport system (i.e., five–meter pipe, powder dispenser, and cladding head) are constructed. A general tracking controller is then designed to track variable powder flow rate references. Since the powder flow rate at the nozzle exit cannot be directly measured, it is estimated using the powder transport system model. The input to this model is the DC motor rotation speed, which is estimated on–line using a Kalman filter. Experiments are conducted to examine the performance of the proposed control methodology. The experimental results demonstrate that the VPFRC method is successful in maintaining a uniform track morphology, even when the motion system accelerates and decelerates.

Feasibility Study on the Use of a Voice Coil Motor Direct Drive Flow Rate Control Valve

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Wu ◽  
Richard Burton ◽  
Zongxia Jiao ◽  
Juntao Yu ◽  
Rongjie Kang
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Flow Control ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Rate Control ◽  
Network Flow ◽  
Voice Coil Motor ◽  
Direct Drive ◽  
Hydraulic Test ◽  
Servo Valve ◽  
Flow Rate Control

This paper considers the feasibility of a new type of voice coil motor direct drive flow control servo valve. The proposed servo valve controls the flow rate using only a direct measurement of the spool position. A neural network is used to estimate the flow rate based on the spool position, velocity and coil current. The estimated flow rate is fed back to a closed loop controller. The feasibility of the concept is established using simulation techniques only at this point. All results are validated by computer co-simulation using AMESim and Simulink. A simulated model of a VCM-DDV (Voice Coil Motor-Direct Drive Valve) and hydraulic test circuit are built in an AMESim environment. A virtual digital controller is developed in a Simulink environment in which the feedback signals are received from the AMESim model; the controller outputs are sent to the VCM-DDV model in AMESim (by interfacing between these two simulation packages). A LQR (Linear Quadratic Regulator) state feedback and nonlinear compensator controller for spool position tracking is considered as this is the first step for flow control. A flow rate control loop is subsequently included via a neural network flow rate estimator. Simulation results show that this method could control the flow rate to an acceptable degree of precision, but only at low frequencies. This kind of valve can find usage in open loop hydraulic velocity control in many industrial applications.

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF ENHANCEMENT IN EFFICIENCY OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMP BY REDUCTION IN CAVITATION OF PUMP

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaffar G. Momin
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Centrifugal Pump ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Rate Control ◽  
Flowing Liquid ◽  
Discharge Flow ◽  
Pump Performance ◽  
Cavitation Phenomenon ◽  
Discharge Flow Rate ◽  
Flow Rate Control

Cavitation phenomenon is basically a process formation of bubbles of a flowing liquid in a region where the pressure of the liquid falls below its vapour pressure and it is the most challenging fluid flow abnormalities leading to detrimental effects on both the centrifugal pump discharge characteristics as well as physical characteristics. In this low pressure zones are the first victims of cavitation. Due to cavitation pitting of impeller occurs and wear of internal walls of pumps occurs due to which there is creation of vibrations and noize are there. Due to this there is bad performance of centrifugal pump is there. Firstly, description of the centrifugal pump with its various parts are described after that pump characteristics and its important parameters are presented and discussed. Passive discharge (flow rate) control methods are utilized for improvement of flow rate and mechanical and volumetric and overall efficiency of the pump. Mechanical engineers is considering an important phenomenon which is known as Cavitation due to which there is decrease in centrifugal pump performance. There is also effect on head of the pump which is getting reduced due to cavitation phenomenon. In present experimental investigation the cavitation phenomenon is studied by starting and running the pump at various discharges and cavitating conditions of the centrifugal pump. Passive discharge (flow rate) control is realized using three different impeller blade leading edge angles namely 9.5 degrees, 16.5 degrees .and 22.5 degrees for reduction in the cavitation and increase the of the centrifugal pump performance at different applications namely, domestic, industrial applications of the centrifugal pump.

Fabrication of Rheological Material by Rotating Gas Bubble Stirring

2011 ◽  
Vol 239-242 ◽  
pp. 1573-1576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Xuan Pu Dong ◽  
Wen Jun Wang ◽  
Rong Ma ◽  
Ke Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Gas Bubble ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Control Functions ◽  
Stirring Effect ◽  
Strong Convection ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
Flow Rate Control

A rotating gas bubble stirring technique with specially designed equipment has been developed for the production of light alloy semi-solid slurry. The equipment was specially designed to have temperature, rotation speed and gas flow rate control functions. An Al-Si aluminum alloy was applied as the experimental material. The results showed that large volume of semi-solid slurry could be achieved with the actual stirring temperature of 4 °C to 20 °C below the liquidus temperature of the alloy, and the rotation speed of 195 r/min, and the gas flow rate of 2 L/min. A strong convection and weak stirring effect which was induced by the rotating gas bubbles in the melt was founded responsible for the formation of the semi-solid slurry.

scholarly journals Flow rate control for constant film thickness of hydrostatic bearing system

2018 ◽  
Vol 1074 ◽  
pp. 012008
Author(s):  
Yuan Kang ◽  
Sie-Sing Jhang ◽  
Sheng-Xiang Peng ◽  
Wen-Chou Chen ◽  
Sheng-Yen Hu
Keyword(s):  
Film Thickness ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Rate Control ◽  
Hydrostatic Bearing ◽  
Flow Rate Control ◽  
Bearing System

Influence of Pulsed Gas Feeding on Surface Defects and Mechanical Properties of Ti/TiN Multilayered Films Deposited by Ion Beam Assisted Magnetron Sputtering

2014 ◽  
Vol 488-489 ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
Zhi Qiang Fu ◽  
Yi Ren ◽  
Cheng Biao Wang ◽  
Wen Yue ◽  
Song Sheng Lin
Keyword(s):  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Surface Defects ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Current ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Multilayered Films ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Tin Films ◽  
Sputtering Power

The influence of sputtering power, N2 flow rate, ion current and substrate temperature on the monolayer TiN films deposited by ion beam assisted magnetron sputtering and the effect of the on-off ratio and deposition period on the multilayered Ti/TiN films was studied. It was found that the key factors affecting surface defects of monolayer TiN films are sputtering power and N2 flow rate while ion current is the most significant factor affecting the hardness of monolayer TiN films. The surface defects can be greatly inhibited by pulsed gas feeding. The adhesion and hardness of the multilayered Ti/TiN films is improved with increasing on-off ratio or decreasing deposition period; the on-off ratio has a negligible effect on the surface defects of the multilayered Ti/TiN films while the surface defects of the multilayered Ti/TiN films become more obvious at a long deposition period.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document