Control of Ferroelectric Properties of PbZrxTi1−xO3 Thin Film for Electron Emission Device Driven by Low Voltage

1998 ◽  
Vol 541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Yamagata ◽  
M. Yamazato ◽  
T. Ikegami ◽  
K. Ebihara ◽  
J. Narayan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Film Thickness ◽  
Ferroelectric Phase ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Ferroelectric Properties ◽  
Domain Growth ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Pzt Films ◽  
The One ◽  
Coercive Electric Field

AbstractEpitaxial PbZr0.52TiO0.48O3/YBa2Cu3O7−x heterostructures on Nd:YAlO3 and MgO substrates were fabricated by KrF pulsed laser deposition. The coercive electric field of the PZT films increased with decrease of the film thickness from 1.2 μm to 0.04 μm, while the magnitude of spontaneous polarization was almost constant in this thickness range. It was found that the dependence of the film thickness d on the coercive electric field Ec was Ecæ d−2/3. This results from that the PZT/YBCO heterostructure has the one dimensional ferroelectric domain growth without non-ferroelectric phase. The polarization of AuIPZT/YBCO/(MgO or YAlO) capacitors can be changed by the applied voltage below 5 V.

A polycrystal hysteresis model for ferroelectric ceramics

2006 ◽  
Vol 462 (2069) ◽  
pp. 1573-1592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Su ◽  
G.J Weng
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Hysteresis Loop ◽  
Ferroelectric Properties ◽  
Electric Displacement ◽  
Hysteresis Loops ◽  
Ferroelectric Ceramics ◽  
Domain Growth ◽  
Thermodynamic Approach ◽  
Hysteresis Model ◽  
Self Consistent

Most key elements of ferroelectric properties are defined through the hysteresis loops. For a ferroelectric ceramic, its loop is contributed collectively by its constituent grains, each having its own hysteresis loop when the ceramic polycrystal is under a cyclic electric field. In this paper, we propose a polycrystal hysteresis model so that the hysteresis loop of a ceramic can be calculated from the loops of its constituent grains. In this model a micromechanics-based thermodynamic approach is developed to determine the hysteresis behaviour of the constituent grains, and a self-consistent scheme is introduced to translate these behaviours to the polycrystal level. This theory differs from the classical phenomenological ones in that it is a micromechanics-based thermodynamic approach and it can provide the evolution of new domain concentration among the constituent grains. It also differs from some recent micromechanics studies in its secant form of self-consistent formulation and in its application of irreversible thermodynamics to derive the kinetic equation of domain growth. To put this two-level micromechanics theory in perspective, it is applied to a ceramic PLZT 8/65/35, to calculate its hysteresis loop between the electric displacement and the electric field ( D versus E ), and the butterfly-shaped longitudinal strain versus the electric field relation ( ϵ versus E ). The calculated results are found to be in good quantitative agreement with the test data. The corresponding evolution of new domain concentration c 1 and the individual hysteresis loops of several selected grains—along with those of the overall polycrystal—are also illustrated.

A perturbation solution to the full Poisson–Nernst–Planck equations yields an asymmetric rectified electric field

Soft Matter ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (30) ◽  
pp. 7052-7062
Author(s):  
S. M. H. Hashemi Amrei ◽  
Gregory H. Miller ◽  
Kyle J. M. Bishop ◽  
William D. Ristenpart
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Perturbation Solution ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Ionic Mobilities ◽  
The One

We derive a perturbation solution to the one-dimensional Poisson–Nernst–Planck (PNP) equations between parallel electrodes under oscillatory polarization for arbitrary ionic mobilities and valences.

Cadmium Sulfide and Zinc Sulfide Nanostructures Formed by Electrophoretic Deposition

2012 ◽  
Vol 507 ◽  
pp. 101-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Vázquez ◽  
Israel López ◽  
Idalia Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Cadmium Sulfide ◽  
Zinc Sulfide ◽  
Electrophoretic Deposition ◽  
Cds Nanoparticles ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Cds Thin Films ◽  
The One ◽  
One Dimensional Nanostructures

Cadmium sulfide (CdS) and zinc sulfide (ZnS) nanostructures were formed by means of electrophoretic deposition of nanoparticles with mean diameter of 6 nm and 20 nm, respectively. Nanoparticles were prepared by a microwave assisted synthesis in aqueous dispersion and electrophoretically deposited on aluminum plates. CdS thin films and ZnS one-dimensional nanostructures were grown on the negative electrodes after 24 hours of electrophoretic deposition at direct current voltage. CdS and ZnS nanostructures were characterized by means of scanning electron (SEM) and atomic force (AFM) microscopies analysis. CdS thin films homogeneity can be tunable varying the strength of the applied electric field. Deposition at low electric field produces thin films with particles aggregates, whereas deposition at relative high electric field produces smoothed thin films. The one-dimensional nanostructure size can be also controlled by the electric field strength. Two different mechanisms are considered in order to describe the formation of the nanostructures: lyosphere distortion and thinning and subsequent dipole-dipole interactions phenomena are proposed as a possible mechanism of the one-dimensional nanostructures, and a mechanism considering pre-deposition interactions of the CdS nanoparticles is proposed for the CdS thin films formation.

Switching Kinetics of Pulsed Laser Deposited Epitaxial PZT Films

1998 ◽  
Vol 526 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Yamazato ◽  
A. M. Grishin ◽  
Y. Yamagata ◽  
T. Ikegami ◽  
K. Ebihara
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Domain Switching ◽  
Switching Time ◽  
Pulsed Laser ◽  
Laser Deposition ◽  
Pzt Films ◽  
Frequency Independent ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Coercive Electric Field ◽  
Ferroelectric Switching

AbstractWe have fabricated epitaxial PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 (PZT, 40~1200 nm)/YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO, 400 nm) film ferroelectric/superconductor heterostructures on the single-crystal neodymium doped yttrium monoaluminate [YAlO3+1%Nd2O3] and MgO substrates by KrF pulsed laser deposition technique. The dielectric constant of 950 and loss tangent δ of 0.04 have been found to be frequency independent in the range 100 Hz to 100 kHz while electric resistivity ρ (150 kV/cm) is of 6×1011 Ω·cm, remnant polarization and coercive field are 32 μC/cm2 and 43 kV/cm, respectively. Fast ferroelectric switching kinetics with characteristic switching time around 50 ns has been observed. Universal electric field and temperature dependencies of switching time as well as film thickness dependence of coercive electric field have been observed and correspond to ferroelectric needle-like domain switching.

Crystal Growth and Ferroelectric Properties in Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3–BaTiO3 Crystals

2008 ◽  
Vol 388 ◽  
pp. 241-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunsuke Teranishi ◽  
Yuji Noguchi ◽  
Masaru Miyayama
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Remanent Polarization ◽  
Ferroelectric Properties ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Flux Method ◽  
Strain Measurements ◽  
Piezoelectric Strain ◽  
Coercive Electric Field ◽  
Piezoelectric Strain Constant ◽  
Electric Field Induced Strain

0.999Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-0.001BaTiO3 (BNT-0.1%BT) single crystals with a maximum size of 1×1×1 mm3 were successfully grown by a flux method using BNT-6%BT powder and Bi2O3 as a flux. The crystals showed a remanent polarization of 33 μC/cm2 and coercive electric field of 40 kV/cm along [100]Cubic. Electric-field induced strain measurements along [100]Cubic revealed an effective piezoelectric strain constant d33 * of 80 pm/V.

Exact damped sinusoidal electric field of nonlinear one-dimensional Vlasov-Maxwell equations

1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Abraham-Shrauner
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Function ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Maxwell Equations ◽  
Angular Frequency ◽  
Wave Number ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Damping Decrement ◽  
Sinusoidal Electric Field ◽  
The One ◽  
Special Case

An exact solution for a temporally damped sinusoidal electric field which obeys the nonlinear, one-dimensional Vlasov-Maxwell equations is given. The electric field is a generalization of the O'Neil model electric field for Landau damping of plasma oscillations. The electric field is a special case of the form found from the invariance of the one-dimensional Vlasov equation under infinitesimal Lie group transformations. The time dependences of the damping decrement, of the wave-number and of the angular frequency are derived. Use of a time-dependent BGK one-particle distribution function is justified for weak damping where, in general, it is necessary to carry out a numerical calculation of the invariant of which the distribution function is a functional.

The One-Dimensional Optimum Hydrodynamic Gas Slider Bearing

1968 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 281-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Maday
Keyword(s):  
Film Thickness ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Slider Bearing ◽  
Compression Process ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
One Step ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Bearing Number

Bounded variable methods of the calculus of variations are used to determine the optimum or maximum load capacity hydrodynamic one-dimensional gas slider bearing. A lower bound is placed on the minimum film thickness in order to keep the load finite, and also to satisfy the boundary conditions. Using the Weierstrass-Erdmann corner conditions and the Weierstrass E-function it is found that the optimum gas slider bearing is stepped with a convergent leading section and a uniform thickness trailing section. The step location and the leading section film thickness depend upon the bearing number and compression process considered. It is also shown that the bearing contains one and only one step. The difference in the load capacity and maximum film pressure between the isothermal and adiabatic cases increases with increasing bearing number.

scholarly journals Selection rule engineering of forbidden transitions of a hydrogen atom near a nanogap

Nanophotonics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunyoung Y. Kim ◽  
Daisik S. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Atom ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Selection Rule ◽  
Field Vector ◽  
Rapid Variation ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Near Zone ◽  
Forbidden Transitions ◽  
The One ◽  
Dipole Sources

AbstractWe perform an analytical study on the allowance of forbidden transitions for a hydrogen atom placed near line dipole sources, mimicking light emanating from a one-dimensional metallic nanogap. It is shown that the rapid variation of the electric field vector, inevitable in the near zone, completely breaks the selection rule of Δl=±1. While the forbidden transitions between spherically symmetric S states, such as 2S to 1S or 3S to 1S (Δl=0), are rather robust against selection rule breakage, Δl=±2 transitions such as between 3D and 1S or 3D and 2S states are very vulnerable to the spatial variation of the perturbing electric field. Transitions between 2S and 3D states are enhanced by many orders of magnitude, aided by the quadratic nature of both the perturbing Hamiltonian and D wavefunctions. The forbidden dipole moment, which approaches one Bohr radius times the electric charge in the vicinity of the gap, can be written in a simple closed form owing to the one-dimensional nature of our gap. With large enough effective volume together with the symmetric nature of the excited state wavefunctions, our work paves way towards atomic physics application of infinitely long nanogaps.

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