Fetal stress-programming

2017 ◽  
pp. 116-119
Author(s):  
S.I. Zhuk ◽  
◽  
O.D. Shchurevska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Fetal Programming ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Prenatal Period ◽  
Carbohydrate Tolerance ◽  
Key Words Stress ◽  
Obesity Hypertension ◽  
Intrauterine Programming

Numerous recent studies demonstrate the important role of the prenatal period in the formation of obesity, hypertension and carbohydrate tolerance impairment in adulthood. The article presents the literature and our own data on the hormonal and epigenetic mechanisms of this diseases. Antenatal and postnatal markers of intrauterine programming were described. Key words: stress, pregnancy, fetal programming, miRNA, metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals The Role of Salt in the Pathogenesis of Fructose-Induced Hypertension

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoocher Soleimani ◽  
Pooneh Alborzi
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Western World ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
Obesity Hypertension ◽  
The 1960S

Metabolic syndrome, as manifested by visceral obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, is reaching epidemic proportions in the Western World, specifically the United States. Epidemiologic studies suggest that the increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome directly correlates with an increase in the consumption of fructose, mainly in the form of high-fructose corn syrup. This inexpensive alternative to traditional sugar has been increasingly utilized by the food industry as a sweetener since the 1960s. While augmented caloric intake and sedentary lifestyles play important roles in the increasing prevalence of obesity, the pathogenesis of hypertension in metabolic syndrome remains controversial. One intriguing observation points to the role of salt in fructose-induced hypertension. Recent studies in rodents demonstrate that increased dietary fructose intake stimulates salt absorption in the small intestine and kidney tubules, resulting in a state of salt overload, thus setting in motion a cascade of events that will lead to hypertension. These studies point to a novel interaction between the fructose-absorbing transporter, Glut5, and the salt transporters, NHE3 and PAT1, in the intestine and kidney proximal tubule. This paper will focus on synergistic roles of fructose and salt in the pathogenesis of hypertension resulting from salt overload.

scholarly journals Impact of Oxidative Stress in Fetal Programming

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loren P. Thompson ◽  
Yazan Al-Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Organ Dysfunction ◽  
Fetal Programming ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Adult Disease ◽  
Specific Target ◽  
Increased Risk

Intrauterine stress induces increased risk of adult disease through fetal programming mechanisms. Oxidative stress can be generated by several conditions, such as, prenatal hypoxia, maternal under- and overnutrition, and excessive glucocorticoid exposure. The role of oxidant molecules as signaling factors in fetal programming via epigenetic mechanisms is discussed. By linking oxidative stress with dysregulation of specific target genes, we may be able to develop therapeutic strategies that protect against organ dysfunction in the programmed offspring.

scholarly journals Incorporating epigenetic mechanisms to advance fetal programming theories

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 807-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Conradt ◽  
Daniel E. Adkins ◽  
Sheila E. Crowell ◽  
K. Lee Raby ◽  
Lisa M. Diamond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Programming ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Developmental Approach ◽  
Cumulative Stress ◽  
Physical Health Problems ◽  
Biological Sensitivity To Context ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

AbstractDecades of fetal programming research indicates that we may be able to map the origins of many physical, psychological, and medical variations and morbidities before the birth of the child. While great strides have been made in identifying associations between prenatal insults, such as undernutrition or psychosocial stress, and negative developmental outcomes, far less is known about how adaptive responses to adversity regulate the developing phenotype to match stressful conditions. As the application of epigenetic methods to human behavior has exploded in the last decade, research has begun to shed light on the role of epigenetic mechanisms in explaining how prenatal conditions shape later susceptibilities to mental and physical health problems. In this review, we describe and attempt to integrate two dominant fetal programming models: the cumulative stress model (a disease-focused approach) and the match–mismatch model (an evolutionary–developmental approach). In conjunction with biological sensitivity to context theory, we employ these two models to generate new hypotheses regarding epigenetic mechanisms through which prenatal and postnatal experiences program child stress reactivity and, in turn, promote development of adaptive versus maladaptive phenotypic outcomes. We conclude by outlining priority questions and future directions for the fetal programming field.

Role of Adiponectin in Obesity, Hypertension, and Metabolic Syndrome

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-117
Author(s):  
Yoshio Iwashima ◽  
Takeshi Horio ◽  
Yuhei Kawano
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Obesity Hypertension

scholarly journals Novel Insights in the Metabolic Syndrome in Childhood and Adolescence

2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 181-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Bussler ◽  
Melanie Penke ◽  
Gunter Flemming ◽  
Yasir S. Elhassan ◽  
Jürgen Kratzsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Obesity Hypertension

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is recognized as an escalating major health risk in adults as well as in children and adolescents. Its prevalence ranges from 6 to 39% depending on the applied definition criteria. To date, there is no consensus on a MetS definition for children and adolescents. However, most authors agree on essential components such as glucose intolerance, central obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia; each representing a risk for cardiovascular disease. Recently, associations between MetS and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hyperuricemia, and sleep disturbances have emerged. Biomarkers like adipocytokines are a subject of current research as they are implicated in the pathogenesis of the MetS. Epigenetics and gestational programming, especially the role of microRNA, comprise a novel, rapidly developing and promising research focus on the topic of MetS. MicroRNAs are increasingly valued for potential roles in the diagnosis, stratification, and therapeutics of MetS. Early detection of risk factors, screening for metabolic disturbances, and the identification of new therapies are major aims to reduce morbidity and mortality related to MetS. Dietary modification and physical activity are currently the only adopted treatment approaches. Pharmacological therapies and bariatric surgery are still contradictory and, therefore, are only recommended in selected high-risk cases.

scholarly journals Role of Lipid Profile and Fasting Blood Glucose in Metabolic Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavan Gautam ◽  
Shreya Nigoskar ◽  
Bibek Bhurer Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Obesity Hypertension

Background: The metabolic syndrome is defined by the clustering of risk factors that predisposes people to diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD. MetS had a high (58%) prevalence of dyslipidemia, and increasing age, greater BMI, central obesity, hypertension, and high blood glucose levels have been found as independent predictors of dyslipidemia. Aim of the Work: This study aimed to role of lipid profile and fasting blood glucose in metabolic syndrome. Subjects and Methods: The research was carried out at the Index Medical College and Research Center in Indore, in the Department of Biochemistry. A total of 120 people with metabolic syndrome and 120 healthy controls were included in the study. A blood sample was taken from the anticubital vein and centrifuged to obtain serum, which was then evaluated for lipid profile and FBS levels quantitatively. Result and Conclusion: Present study suggested that the FBG is the most critical factor in MS, and all aspects of the lipid profile have significant relationships with MS. Keywords: Metabolic syndrome, fasting blood glucose

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