scholarly journals Spatial substantiation of linear parameters of biopsy in histological examination of pigmented skin neoplasms in children

2021 ◽  
pp. 6-13
Author(s):  
O.V. Pasichnyk ◽  
◽  
V.S. Konoplitskyi ◽  
V.V. Motyhin ◽  
Yu.Ye. Korobko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Geometric Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Skin Neoplasms ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Acute Angle ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Incomplete Removal ◽  
Pigmented Nevi

Usually the lower part of melanocyte nevi is at a depth of not more than 1–2 mm or more, which is typical for congenital nevi, as well as for large pigmented tumors that protrude significantly above the skin surface and have a pronounced intradermal part. Incomplete removal of pigmented nevi occurs during their superficial removal with insufficient capture of healthy tissues. When excision of pigmented nevi by acute method means in the vast majority of cases of incomplete removal can be avoided, and primarily because the suturing of the edges of the postoperative wound requires much deeper excision of tissues. Рurpose – to increase the effectiveness of surgical treatment of pigmented skin tumors in children by using a mathematical model. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on the basis of the oncohematology department of Vinnytsia Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital, a mathematical model for calculating the parameters of operational access was conducted on the Microsoft Excel platform. Results. Using the proposed mathematical model, the following parameters of the operating material were calculated: the area of the resection edges of the operating material; the area of the base of the operating material; the total area of morphological examination of the surface of the surgical material; determining the difference in the volume of surgical material to be histologically examined by different methods of its collection. In all cases, the tumor for three-dimensional histological examination was excised in the form of an ellipse with a safety zone (healthy tissue around the tumor). The surgical direction of the incision was formed with an inclination to the surface of the skin towards the tumor with the formation of an acute angle with it, while the upper part of the dermis was cut less than its lower part. This approach to the formation of the profile of the surgical wound improves the conditions for further reconstructive wound defect closure. Conclusions. Comparative mathematical calculation according to the proposed spatial geometric model of the biopsy in the form of a truncated elliptical cone convincingly shows an increase in the useful volume of surgical material in the planned histological examination compared with the cylindrical elliptical configuration of the biopsy due to involvement in the field of microscopic structures «residual structures» (processes) corresponding to melanocyte nevi, under the guise of which the development of the initial stages of melanoma may occur. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of these Institutes. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. The authors declare no conflicts of interests. Key words: children, melanocyte nevi, operative accesses.

Numerical Simulation of NOx Emission in Supercharged Boiler

2014 ◽  
Vol 983 ◽  
pp. 347-352
Author(s):  
Hong Yan Zhang ◽  
Jing Zhao ◽  
Long Bin Yang ◽  
Yan Jun Li
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Geometric Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Back Edge ◽  
Fluent Software ◽  
Thermal Nox ◽  
The Mathematical Model

The actual supercharged boiler is reasonably simplified and the geometric model of the furnace and the mathematical model of steady-state three-dimensional turbulent reaction are built in this paper. Numerical simulation of the thermal NOx emission under three different loads in the furnace of a supercharged boiler is conducted with FLUENT software. The thermal NOx emission increases in the furnace when the load increases and the largest mole fraction of the thermal NOx mainly exists at the back edge of high temperature.

A Real-Time Mathematical Model for Three-Dimensional Tidal Flow and Water Quality

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeng Fantang ◽  
Xu Zhencheng ◽  
Chen Xiancheng
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Control Volume ◽  
Tidal Flow ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Pearl River Estuary ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
The Pearl River

A real-time mathematical model for three-dimensional tidal flow and water quality is presented in this paper. A control-volume-based difference method and a “power interpolation distribution” advocated by Patankar (1984) have been employed, and a concept of “separating the top-layer water” has been developed to solve the movable boundary problem. The model is unconditionally stable and convergent. Practical application of the model is illustrated by an example for the Pearl River Estuary.

A New Geometric Model of Laid-in Weft-Knitted Fabrics

2021 ◽  
pp. 004051752199276
Author(s):  
Ki Wai Fong ◽  
Si Qing Li ◽  
Rong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Geometric Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Wearable Electronics ◽  
Material Consumption ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Functional Textiles ◽  
Loop Pattern ◽  
Spatial Configurations ◽  
Consumption Prediction

Inlay yarn and laid-in structures are important technical knitting elements that have been increasingly applied in the structural design of functional textiles in industrial, medical, and wearable electronics fields. However, there is no currently established geometric model to numerically analyze their spatial morphologies and structural properties. This study presents a new geometric model and numerical analysis approach to characterize spatial configurations of inlay yarn and ground yarn in a three-dimensional scenario for laid-in weft-knitted fabrics. Loop lengths of the inlay and ground yarn materials were calculated and analyzed under different contact and deformation conditions to estimate material consumption in this complex interlooping layout. Series of laid-in weft-knitted fabrics made of different combinations of ground and inlay yarns were fabricated with the 1 × 1 laid-in loop pattern and tested for the model validation. The comparisons between the experimental and calculated results indicated that the newly developed geometric model favorably agreed with the experimental measurements regarding the ground loop lengths and inlay loop lengths applied in the laid-in weft-knitted structures. The results indicated the applicability of the developed geometric model of laid-in weft-knitted fabrics with similar structural patterns in practical use. The output of this study provides a theoretical and practical reference for structural and physical properties analysis, material consumption prediction, even cost estimation of laid-in weft-knitted fabrics.

Research on cargo-loading optimization based on genetic and fuzzy integration

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 8493-8500
Author(s):  
Yanwei Du ◽  
Feng Chen ◽  
Xiaoyi Fan ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Henggang Liang
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Distribution Center ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Decision Making Model ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Loading Scheme

With the increase of the number of loaded goods, the number of optional loading schemes will increase exponentially. It is a long time and low efficiency to determine the loading scheme with experience. Genetic algorithm is a search heuristic algorithm used to solve optimization in the field of computer science artificial intelligence. Genetic algorithm can effectively select the optimal loading scheme but unable to utilize weight and volume capacity of cargo and truck. In this paper, we propose hybrid Genetic and fuzzy logic based cargo-loading decision making model that focus on achieving maximum profit with maximum utilization of weight and volume capacity of cargo and truck. In this paper, first of all, the components of the problem of goods stowage in the distribution center are analyzed systematically, which lays the foundation for the reasonable classification of the problem of goods stowage and the establishment of the mathematical model of the problem of goods stowage. Secondly, the paper abstracts and defines the problem of goods loading in distribution center, establishes the mathematical model for the optimization of single car three-dimensional goods loading, and designs the genetic algorithm for solving the model. Finally, Matlab is used to solve the optimization model of cargo loading, and the good performance of the algorithm is verified by an example. From the performance evaluation analysis, proposed the hybrid system achieve better outcomes than the standard SA model, GA method, and TS strategy.

scholarly journals Simulation and Analysis of Floodlighting Based on 3D Computer Graphics

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1042
Author(s):  
Rafał Krupiński
Keyword(s):  
Computer Graphics ◽  
External Surface ◽  
Geometric Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Luminance Level ◽  
Object Model ◽  
Geometric Mesh ◽  
Average Luminance ◽  
To Receive

The paper presents the opportunities to apply computer graphics in an object floodlighting design process and in an analysis of object illumination. The course of object floodlighting design has been defined based on a virtual three-dimensional geometric model. The problems related to carrying out the analysis of lighting, calculating the average illuminance, luminance levels and determining the illuminated object surface area are also described. These parameters are directly tied with the calculations of the Floodlighting Utilisation Factor, and therefore, with the energy efficiency of the design as well as the aspects of light pollution of the natural environment. The paper shows how high an impact of the geometric model of the object has on the accuracy of photometric calculations. Very often the model contains the components that should not be taken into account in the photometric calculations. The research on what influence the purity of the geometric mesh of the illuminated object has on the obtained results is presented. It shows that the errors can be significant, but it is possible to optimise the 3D object model appropriately in order to receive the precise results. For the example object presented in this paper, removing the planes that do not constitute its external surface has caused a two-fold increase in the average illuminance and average luminance. This is dangerous because a designer who wants to achieve a specific average luminance level in their design without optimizing the model will obtain the luminance values that will actually be much higher.

scholarly journals Scientific validation of three-dimensional stereophotogrammetry compared to the IGAIS clinical scale for assessing wrinkles and scars after laser treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Helena Barcaro Machado ◽  
Ivy Dantas De Melo E. Silva ◽  
Walter Marou Pautrat ◽  
James Frame ◽  
Mohammad Najlah
Keyword(s):  
Laser Treatment ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Clinical Scale ◽  
3D Images ◽  
Laser Resurfacing ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Measuring Outcomes ◽  
Skin Scar ◽  
Scientific Validation

AbstractMeasuring outcomes from treatments to the skin is either reliant upon patient’s subjective feedback or scale-based peer assessments. Three-Dimensional stereophotogrammetry intend to accurately quantify skin microtopography before and after treatments. The objective of this study is comparing the accuracy of stereophotogrammetry with a scale-based peer evaluation in assessing topographical changes to skin surface following laser treatment. A 3D stereophotogrammetry system photographed skin surface of 48 patients with facial wrinkles or scars before and three months after laser resurfacing, followed immediately by topical application of vitamin C. The software measured changes in skin roughness, wrinkle depth and scar volume. Images were presented to three observers, each independently scoring cutaneous improvement according to Investigator Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (IGAIS). As for the results, a trend reflecting skin/scar improvement was reported by 3D SPM measurements and raters. The percentage of topographical change given by the raters matched 3D SPM findings. Agreement was highest when observers analysed 3D images. However, observers overestimated skin improvement in a nontreatment control whilst 3D SPM was precise in detecting absence of intervention. This study confirmed a direct correlation between the IGAIS clinical scale and 3D SPM and confirmed the efficacy and accuracy of the latter when assessing cutaneous microtopography alterations as a response to laser treatment.

Design of Synchronous Machine Model Based on PRO/E and Dynamic Simulation

2012 ◽  
Vol 246-247 ◽  
pp. 1220-1225
Author(s):  
You Kun Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Dynamic Simulation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Synchronous Machine ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Transmission Performance ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Machine Model ◽  
Working Principle

With the increasing of the number of cars, people are also getting higher and higher demands on the performance of the car, and especially pay attention to the improvement and optimization of automobile transmission system. The transmission is a key part of automobile transmission system, and transmission performance and stability depend on the synchronous machine, so in order to make the vehicle transmission system with higher efficiency, it is necessary to study the synchronous machine. On the basis of elaborating synchronous machine working principle, the use of dynamics theory to establish mathematical model of synchronous machine system, and to carry out the simulation of synchronous machine three-dimensional model in PRO/E environment, then the use of virtual prototype technology to optimize the parameters of synchronous machine, thereby improving the performance of synchronous machine.

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