The Mamluk Bridge at Dayr Sunayd

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-92
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Blakely ◽  
Dror Czitron
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Great War ◽  
The Third ◽  
Point Of Interest ◽  
The Great War

A long-overlooked Mamluk bridge spanning the W?d? al-Hasi (Na?al Shiqma) between Gaza andMajdal (Ashqelon) was built at the behest of Sultan Baybars about 1270, as mentioned by ?Izz al-D?n Ibn Shadd?d in his Ta?r?khal-M?lik al-??hir. It was also noted in a variety of travel accountsspanning the 17th through 19th centuries and it was even photographed in the 1880s. Later itbecame a point of interest during the Great War when it was shelled by the British Navy as partof the Third Battle of Gaza, yet it survived to be repaired. Since it was on an important road evenin 1948, it was destroyed by a unit of Palmach in an attempt to impact infrastructure. The bridgeis one of the smallest of the six known Baybars bridges, yet it fully fits with the technologicalcharacteristics of the other examples.

scholarly journals On the mesodermic origin and the fate of the so-called mesectoderm in petromyzon

1915 ◽  
Vol 88 (606) ◽  
pp. 457-475 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Present Note ◽  
Scientific Journal ◽  
The Other ◽  
Great War ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Epithelial Structure ◽  
Principal Points ◽  
The Great War ◽  
Branchial Region

About 20 years ago v. Kupffer (85) described in the embryos of Petromyzon an epithelial structure extending, between the ectoderm and the somatic plate of the mesoderm, from the head to the posterior boundary of the branchial region, and described it under the name of the neurodermis; subsequently, he bestowed on it the name branchiodermis. Seventeen years later the same structure was again discovered by Koltzoff (02), who identified it with the mesectoderm which was described by Miss Piatt (94) in Necturus embryos. Subsequently, so far as Petromyzon is concerned, nothing was published until last year, when a paper by Sehalk (13) appeared, although the corresponding layer of cells was described by A. Dohrn (02) in Selachii and by Brauer (04) in Gymnophiona. For a long time the origin and fate of the layer in question engaged my attention. Last summer I was able to re-examine my sections and to confirm observations which I had previously published in a paper entitled “Die Bildungsweise und erste Differenzierung des Mesoderms beim Neunauge ( Lampetra mitsukurii , Hatta),” in which, the origin and differentiation of the so-called mesectoderm are described and illustrated by a series of microphotographs. To my regret the paper, which was ready for press when the great war broke out, could not be sent to the editor of a certain scientific journal in Belgium, who had promised to publish it in his journal. The present note is an attempt to communicate some of the principal points of that paper which relate to the mesectoderm. The other organs dealt with in the above-mentioned paper have already been described in preliminary notes or in my previous papers.

Reform, revolution and reaction in the urban space of Madrid, de corte a checa (1938) by Agustín de Foxá

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-38
Author(s):  
Sonia Zarco-Real
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Great War ◽  
Second Republic ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Status ◽  
Physical Foundation ◽  
The Great War

The first literary manifestations to emerge in the context of the Spanish Civil War endeavored to create a legitimizing discourse for each of two contending Spains, the National Spain and the Republican Spain, by means of poetic appropriation of urban spaces. Nevertheless, this was not a Spain divided only in two, between leftists and rightists or Socialists and Cedistas, but rather a territory comprised of many parallel wars sparked prior to 1936. According to historian Enrique Moradiellos, the nuclei of three disparate and opposing political agendas arose from the physical foundation of these two Spains, ‘the reformist-democratic, the reactionary-authoritarian and the revolutionary-collectivist [agendas] that responded to the same triad of models that emerged in Europe in the wake of the devastating impact of the Great War of 1914 and that competed to achieve political and institutional stabilization’ (2004: 125). This ‘reform, reaction and revolution’ triangle that acted as the protagonist of the Great War would also settle into the fratricidal spaces of Spain and its cultural products. In this context, my essay will analyse the mechanisms of appropriation of Madrid’s spaces employed by each of these three political agendas as they are presented in Madrid, de Corte a Checa (1938) by Agustín de Foxá. Following the map of the capital we will see how both, the agenda of a modern anti-traditional space driven by the Second Republic and the anti-bourgeois revolutionary agenda that stood for the destruction of the status quo and the implementation of a Communist Orthodox regime, present a threat to the conservative ideal that represented the monarcho-Catholic centralism of the third agenda. This threat is manifested in the dismantling of Madrid through the ‘de-Hispanicization’ (Foxá) of the mythical spaces of the sacred (churches and convents), historic (statues and palaces) and domestic (house interiors) cityscapes.

Mastering Revolution

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard V. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
International System ◽  
The Other ◽  
International Labour Organization ◽  
Great War ◽  
Supreme Council ◽  
Paris Peace Conference ◽  
The Great War

Revolution in various forms had been endemic to the Great War. The Paris Peace Conference sought not so much to oppose revolution as to master it in the formation of a new international system. It created the International Labour Organization to institutionalize a transnational approach to labor relations, and thus head off worker unrest as a source of revolution. The Mandate Principle put all mandates at least theoretically on the path to independence, however indefinite the period of tutelage. The Mandate Principle, at least discursively, provided a means of pre-empting anti-colonialism as a source of international instability. The conference also sought to master revolution in successor states. Recognizing Czechoslovakia as a model liberal democracy provided a template ill-suited to recognizing the other successor states. The war between Romania and Hungary in 1919–20 left the Supreme Council with recognition as its only means to control the behavior of successor states.

International Economic Coöperation at the Cross-Roads

1934 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 807-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Concerted Action ◽  
The Third ◽  
International Economic Cooperation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Peace Settlement ◽  
The Great War

International concerted action by states in economic affairs, save in the sphere of communications and transport, has a history of little more than one generation's span. Indeed, apart from the three disconnected conventions concluded before the Great War at Brussels concerning sugar subsidies, the publication of customs tariffs, and the exchange of comparable commercial statistics, respectively, efforts for international coöperation between governments date only from the Peace Settlement. Of the pre-war agreements, the first was denounced before the War; the second, which might still prove of considerable importance when national tariffs become fairly stable, has proved ineffective in a period of violent tariff changes; while the third came into operation only in 1922.The movement, therefore, with the important exceptions in the sphere of communications and transport, owed its impetus to the work of the Peace Conferences; but save for Part XIII of the Versailles Treaty and the similar provisions of the other treaties—the labor clauses—no specific machinery was established by the treaties either within or without the framework of the Covenant for economic coöperation.

Prelude: Beginnings

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
William Brooks ◽  
Christina Bashford ◽  
Gayle Magee
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Great War ◽  
University Of Illinois ◽  
American Composers ◽  
Western Front ◽  
Present Volume ◽  
The Great War ◽  
A Performance

The path to this volume has occupied nearly the full duration of the centennial of the Great War. The three collaborators and coeditors (who are still friends, amazingly) began by organizing a pair of international conferences: Over Here and Over There (University of York, England, February 27–28, 2015); and 1915: Music, Memory, and the Great War (University of Illinois, March 10–11, 2015). The first of these, conducted in tandem with an undergraduate module taught by William Brooks, included numerous performances, presentations, and exhibits by students and scholars, including Gayle Magee, Christina Bashford, and Deniz Ertan, each of whom has contributed to the present volume. The second conference included papers by many of the other authors represented here, with yet others in attendance; it included a performance by a Canadian troupe that re-created an entertainment given by Canada’s legendary “Dumbells” at the western front during the war and a recital by tenor Justin Vickers and pianist Geoffrey Duce, who presented multiple settings by English and American composers of the iconic text “In Flanders Fields.”...

France

2018 ◽  
pp. 71-118
Author(s):  
Kaushik Roy
Keyword(s):  
Great War ◽  
Low Countries ◽  
The Third ◽  
Western Front ◽  
Small Wars ◽  
Trench Warfare ◽  
The Great War

This chapter details the story of the IEFA (Indian Corps), which fought in France. We tackle the question whether the IEFA faced a breakdown of morale; if not, how was it able to cope with the challenges of mass industrial trench warfare in the cold damp region of north France and the Low Countries? How the sepoys and sowars were able to make a transition from waging small wars to conducting mass industrial warfare centring round mud-filled trenches and mass infantry attacks supported by voluminous heavy gunfire is an issue discussed here. The first section deals with tactics and techniques of warfare for which the sepoys and sowars were prepared before the onset of the Great War, and the second section discusses the adaptation and adoption on part of the Indian troops in face of combat along the Western Front. The third section relates the soldiers’ experiences with issues of morale and discipline.

Explaining the 1914 War in Europe

2019 ◽  
pp. 99-124
Author(s):  
Frank C. Zagare
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Incomplete Information ◽  
The Other ◽  
Great War ◽  
World War ◽  
International History ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Game Theoretic ◽  
The One ◽  
The Great War

This chapter focuses on the outbreak of World War I, which remains one of the most perplexing events of international history. It should be no surprise that rationalist interpretations of the July Crisis are a diverse lot, ranging from the sinister to the benign. This chapter constructs a theoretically rigorous rationalist explanation of World War I, the 1914 European war that involved Austria–Hungary, Germany, Russia, and France. On the one hand, this chapter confirms the view that one does not have to take a particularly dark view of German intentions to explain the onset of war in 1914; on the other hand, it also calls into question the “accidental war” thesis. A number of related questions about the Great War are addressed in the context of a generic game-theoretic escalation model with incomplete information.

The Other West End

2020 ◽  
pp. 301-316
Author(s):  
Rohan McWilliam
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
The Other ◽  
Great War ◽  
The West ◽  
The Great War ◽  
The Way

This chapter provides a conclusion to the book. It shows that by 1900 the West End functioned as the heart of empire. This was evident in the Mafeking celebrations but also in the way West End shows helped explain the empire to the British. The conservatism of West End culture provided a backdrop for popular imperialism. Whilst the book has emphasized the West End as the source of a conservative consensus, it ends by drawing on the experience of working-class people to show how its opulence could be the source of resentment and conflict. The chapter discusses the Blood Sunday riots which took place in the pleasure district and ends with the Suffragettes window smashing campaign where women attacked an area that was built to attract them. On the eve of the Great War, the West End served as a magnet for protest and pleasure.

Element 61—Promethium

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Scerri
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earths ◽  
Periodic System ◽  
Periodic Table ◽  
The Other ◽  
Great War ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Great War

The last of our seven elements to be isolated was element 61, which is also the only rare earth among the seven. The problem with rare earths, which are 15 or even 17 in number depending on precisely how they are counted, is that they are extremely similar to each other and as a result are very difficult to separate. When the periodic table was first discovered in the 1860s only two or three rare earths even existed. As more of them turned up it became increasingly difficult to place them in the periodic system. Just like with all the other seven elements in our story, there were many false claims to its discovery. Moreover, the early claims must have seemed very plausible at the time because they appeared to draw support from X-ray evidence and Moseley’s law. Just like the priority dispute involving hafnium that took place in the early 1920s, the case of element 61 also involved an international controversy. This time one cannot entirely blame the aftermath of the Great War, as the two opponents consisted of Italians and Americans, with much of the scientific chicanery taking place, as was usual for the time, in the pages of London’s Nature magazine. But even though both sides of the priority dispute appealed to X-ray data and Moseley’s law, it turned out that neither side was right. In their own way, each side was working in complete delusion, since element 61 is highly radioactive and unstable, does not occur naturally on Earth, and could only be isolated in minute quantities by artificial means when such methods became sufficiently developed in the 1940s. Let us start at the beginning. In 1902, the Bohemian rare earth chemist Bohuslav Brauner was the first to suggest that an element lying precisely between neodymium and samarium remained to be discovered. He gave talks in his native Bohemia and published articles in some fairly obscure journals, all of which meant that few chemists in the wider arena became aware of his work.

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