scholarly journals Stolen innocence? Observance of the EU Directive on presumption of innocence by Spanish crime reporting

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-30
Author(s):  
Francisco Seoane-Pérez ◽  
Lidia Valera-Ordaz
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Online News ◽  
Crime Reporting ◽  
Presumption Of Innocence ◽  
News Stories ◽  
Eu Directive ◽  
The Face ◽  
Crime News ◽  
Spanish Press ◽  
The Eu

This paper examines the compliance of Spanish crime reporting with the principles of the 2016 EU Directive on presumption of innocence, which aims at preventing the publication of information that might bias the public and the jurors against the suspect. A content analysis applied to a sample of 200 crime news stories published by eleven of the most popular print and online news platforms in 2018 reveals that the Spanish press coverage of crime is centered around the pre-trial and sentence stages, with little attention to the oral trial. The full name and the face portrait of the suspect appear in roughly one-third of the stories, but this overwhelmingly happens in news stories reporting on the court’s decision, so that the presumption of innocence is generally protected. Interestingly, the legacy media are more likely to report on the victim’s full name and the crime details that online digital media. One-fourth of the stories include accusations of guilt, as prosecutor attorneys and other officials are more frequently cited than defense lawyers. Although the Spanish press is largely compliant with the recommendations of the EU Directive, the lack of attention to the oral phase, where the arguments of both parts are deployed and contrasted, leads to a bias in the coverage against the suspect.

scholarly journals Media Coverage in Times of Crisis. Intermedia Agenda-setting of COVID-19 – related Topics

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Dana Raluca Buturoiu ◽  
Ana Voloc
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Agenda Setting ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Television News ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Online News ◽  
Media Environment ◽  
News Stories ◽  
Intermedia Agenda Setting ◽  
The Media

In times of crisis, the media play a crucial role in offering people information and updates related to the ongoing events. Thus, the media implicitly shape public opinion on the issues they cover and, as a result, influence public attitudes and behaviors. In this context, this paper aims at analyzing the media coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, by means of quantitative content analysis (N=1511) conducted on both television and online news stories released during March 18-31 2020, this study sheds light on the agenda-setting effects of the media and the phenomenon known as intermedia agenda-setting. Main results show that, in spring 2020, both television and online news stories extensively covered COVID-19 topics, focusing on domestic issues such as decisions taken by the authorities in order to manage the pandemic, effects of the virus, and statistics. Furthermore, results show a relatively high intermedia agenda-setting effect within the Romanian media environment. Content published online (either in the form of social media content or online stories) is frequently “borrowed” and cited in both online and television news stories, leading us to the idea that digital media might have become mainstream information sources.

Las cookies en los principales cibermedios generalistas de España | Cookies on major generalists Spanish online media

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco José García Ull
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Web Browsers ◽  
Eu Directive ◽  
User Data ◽  
Degree Of Acceptance ◽  
User Access ◽  
Spanish Legislation ◽  
Obligation To Inform ◽  
The Eu

ResumenDesde el pasado marzo de 2012, cuando la legislación española incorporó la directiva comunitaria sobre privacidad electrónica, todas las páginas web españolas que recopilen datos de sus usuarios y siempre que éstos no sean estrictamente necesarios para el funcionamiento de la web, tienen la obligación de informar claramente sobre el tipo y la finalidad de los datos recolectados, así como de obtener el consentimiento de los usuarios a destinar sus datos a tal efecto. Dada la relevancia que en los últimos años han cobrado los medios online, hemos estudiado el grado de cumplimiento de la normativa por parte de los principales cibermedios generalistas de España. Se incluye además, la propuesta de un sistema para medir la transparencia de los sitios web en materia de privacidad. En los resultados de este estudio se observa que únicamente el 51% de los principales cibermedios generalistas españoles aplica correctamente la normativa vigente al acceder a sus sitios web desde los principales navegadores web. Este dato disminuye cuando se accede a los medios digitales mediante dispositivos móviles,  con tan sólo un 36% de medios que requieren el consentimiento informado de sus lectores. En el estudio se ofrecen alternativas a nivel técnico, que garanticen el cumplimiento de la normativa y se subraya la necesidad de una mayor formación en este ámbito por parte de los internautas.AbstractSince last March 2012, when the Spanish legislation incorporated the EU directive on electronic privacy, all Spanish websites that collect user data and, if the data collected are not strictly necessary to assure the operability of the website, have an obligation to inform clearly on the type and purpose of the data collected, and to obtain the consent of users to use their data to that effect. Given the importance in recent years have taken online media, we have studied the degree of acceptance of regulations by the major generalists Spanish online media. It is also included in this paper the proposal of a system form measuring websites transparency regarding privacy. The results of this article show that only 51% of major generalists Spanish online media apply the regulations correctly, when the user access their websites through the most important web browsers. This figure decreases when accessing digital media via mobile devices, with only a 36% of media requesting their readers an informed consent. The study will provide alternatives in a technical level, to ensure the law enforcement, and it  emphasizes the need for more training in this area by internet users.Palabras claveCibermedios; privacidad; cookies; transparencia; datos.KeywordsCybermedia; privacy; cookies; transparency; data.

Defining “TV-Like” Content in a Multimedia Era

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Ala-Fossi
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Online Media ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Legal Concept ◽  
Linear Type ◽  
Audiovisual Media ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Eu Directive ◽  
The Eu

In the European Union, “television-like” is a legal concept, introduced in 2007 as a part of a political compromise over the scope of the new Audiovisual Media Services Directive (AVMSD). The European Commission had originally intended to expand the new rules on linear television programming to cover also all new nonlinear audiovisual content services intended for the same audiences online. This approach was objected to by the U.K. government, which saw it as potentially harmful for the growth of the new online media. Although left practically alone in the opposition in the EU decision-making process, the U.K. government managed with the support of the U.K. regulator Ofcom and the U.K. industry alliance to limit the new directive to cover only “television-like” online services. According to AVMSD Recital 24, these services should “compete for the same audience as television broadcasts” while “the concept of ‘programme’ should be interpreted in a dynamic way taking into account developments in television broadcasting.” The vagueness of this concept has left room for very different and even opposing interpretations. A number of national regulatory authorities in Europe as well as the Court of Justice of the European Union argue that parts of some newspaper’s websites can also be classified as video-on-demand services, while Ofcom has systematically excluded all the audiovisual services on the websites of British newspapers from regulation. Creating a clear definition of “TV-like” content or services is difficult not just because of the vague wording of the EU directive or digital media convergence, but because the whole concept is based on another set of concepts, which definitions are highly dependent on time and context: television, program, and channel as a practice of packaging content into a linear transmission schedule. Early TV was indeed showing radio programming in production, or radio with pictures. From a contemporary perspective, full-length films may seem to be typical content for television, but most of them have originally been made for theatrical distribution. Over the years, audiovisual media formerly known as television has expanded on multiple platforms and its content has also been available in different on demand-type formats for several decades. So depending on your perspective, there is either a plentitude of “TV-like” content services besides the genuine TV or a wide variety of different flavors of television. Currently, it can be argued whether TV is in terminal decline or just integrating with mobile and online media, but it is obvious that any efforts to define “TV-like” content could make sense only as long the traditional, linear type of (broadcast) TV continues to have an important role in our societies and media cultures.

scholarly journals Who Shares and Comments on News?: A Cross-National Comparative Analysis of Online and Social Media Participation

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 205630511773575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonis Kalogeropoulos ◽  
Samuel Negredo ◽  
Ike Picone ◽  
Rasmus Kleis Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Online News ◽  
Media Technologies ◽  
News Stories ◽  
High Interest ◽  
News Websites ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Cross National

In this article, we present a cross-national comparative analysis of which online news users in practice engage with the participatory potential for sharing and commenting on news afforded by interactive features in news websites and social media technologies across a strategic sample of six different countries. Based on data from the 2016 Reuters Institute Digital News Report, and controlling for a range of factors, we find that (1) people who use social media for news and a high number of different social media platforms are more likely to also engage more actively with news outside social media by commenting on news sites and sharing news via email, (2) political partisans on both sides are more likely to engage in sharing and commenting particularly on news stories in social media, and (3) people with high interest in hard news are more likely to comment on news on both news sites and social media and share stores via social media (and people with high interest in any kind of news [hard or soft] are more likely to share stories via email). Our analysis suggests that the online environment reinforces some long-standing inequalities in participation while countering other long-standing inequalities. The findings indicate a self-reinforcing positive spiral where the already motivated are more likely in practice to engage with the potential for participation offered by digital media, and a negative spiral where those who are less engaged participate less.

The “monster” of Seymour Avenue: Internet crime news and Gothic reportage in the case of Ariel Castro

Semiotica ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (207) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Arntfield
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Crime Reporting ◽  
Internet Crime ◽  
American Gothic ◽  
News Stories ◽  
Internet News ◽  
Digital News ◽  
American Media ◽  
Crime News

AbstractWhile American media reportage of heinous crimes has long drawn on Gothic iconography to secure readers, the contemporary digital news market has engendered a trend in crime reporting that transparently imparts the conventions of Victorian horror, and by extension the nineteenth-century American Gothic. Employing a semiotic content analysis of Internet news stories (

scholarly journals The Right to Silence in the EU Directive 2016/343 on the Strengthening of Certain Aspects of the Presumption of Innocence from the Perspective of Polish Criminal Proceedings

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-80
Author(s):  
Andrzej Sakowicz
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
International Criminal ◽  
International Criminal Law ◽  
Presumption Of Innocence ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Core Component ◽  
Eu Directive ◽  
Right To Silence ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Eu

The right to remain silent is one of the most fundamental principles of domestic and international criminal law. It’s is also closely related to the presumption of innocence. As the responsibility is placed on the prosecution to prove the guilt of a person it follows that the accused should not be forced to assist the prosecution by being forced to speak. The right to remain silent expresses the individual’s right not to be compelled to testify against himself or to confess guilt. Its core component is the freedom to choose whether or not  to give answers to individual questions or to provide explanations. To use against the suspected silence under police questioning and his refusal to testify during trial amounted to subverting the presumption of innocence and the onus of proof resulting from that presumption: it is for the prosecution to prove the accused’s guilt without any assistance from the latter being required. This article has to objectives. Firstly, to interpret the right to remain silent in the light to of the Directive 2016/343 on the strengthening of certain aspects of the presumption of innocence and of the right to be present at the trial in criminal proceeding. Secondly, the  Directive 2016/343 can be used as reference to evaluate a degree to which Polish legal solutions conform to the Directive in question, giving rise to several postulates  in  that  matter. The analysis will also include shortages and problems resulting from imperfect Polish criminal process in that field.

The Effect of Searching Versus Surfing on Cognitive and Emotional Responses to Online News

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Wise ◽  
Hyo Jung Kim ◽  
Jeesum Kim
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Online News ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Mixed Design ◽  
Information Need ◽  
News Stories ◽  
Rate Acceleration

A mixed-design experiment was conducted to explore differences between searching and surfing on cognitive and emotional responses to online news. Ninety-two participants read three unpleasant news stories from a website. Half of the participants acquired their stories by searching, meaning they had a previous information need in mind. The other half of the participants acquired their stories by surfing, with no previous information need in mind. Heart rate, skin conductance, and corrugator activation were collected as measures of resource allocation, motivational activation, and unpleasantness, respectively, while participants read each story. Self-report valence and recognition accuracy were also measured. Stories acquired by searching elicited greater heart rate acceleration, skin conductance level, and corrugator activation during reading. These stories were rated as more unpleasant, and their details were recognized more accurately than similar stories that were acquired by surfing. Implications of these results for understanding how people process online media are discussed.

Challenges, Concerns, and Perspectives for Poland's Energy Transition during Global COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-173
Author(s):  
Andrzej Lorkowski ◽  
Robert Jeszke
Keyword(s):  
Internal Energy ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Energy Transformation ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Current Discussion ◽  
The Face ◽  
National Governments ◽  
The Eu ◽  
At Home

The whole world is currently struggling with one of the most disastrous pandemics to hit in modern times – Covid-19. Individual national governments, the WHO and worldwide media organisations are appealing for humanity to universally stay at home, to limit contact and to stay safe in the ongoing fight against this unseen threat. Economists are concerned about the devastating effect this will have on the markets and possible outcomes. One of the countries suffering from potential destruction of this situation is Poland. In this article we will explain how difficult internal energy transformation is, considering the long-term crisis associated with the extraction and usage of coal, the European Green Deal and current discussion on increasing the EU 2030 climate ambitions. In the face of an ongoing pandemic, the situation becomes even more challenging with each passing day.

BIOETHICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF THE USE OF ANIMALS FOR SCIENTIFIC PURPOSES

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
D. A. Lebedeva ◽  
Yu. A. Shcheglov
Keyword(s):  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Member States ◽  
Ethical Attitude ◽  
Eu Directive ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Bioethics ◽  
The Eu

This work scrutinizes modern bioethical concepts of the use of animals for scientific purposes, as well as legal aspects of its use. Initially, the authors present a brief excursion into the history of bioethics and then focus on the modern concept of ethical attitude to the animals used for scientific purposes. The authors analyze the EU Directive on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes, as well as the EAEU acts and by-laws of the EAEU member states, and conclude that it is necessary to adopt a supranational act within the EAEU that will regulate the use of animals for scientific purposes in accordance with the principles of reduction, replacement and refinement.

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