scholarly journals „Tu wszystko ma insze imię”, czyli o zmianach semantycznych w polszczyźnie potomków polskich imigrantów w Brazylii

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 71-92
Author(s):  
Alicja Goczyła Ferreira ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Community ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Semantic Change ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Semantic Link ◽  
Primary Meaning ◽  
Polish Language

The object of this research are lexical semantic changes in Polish language spoken by descendants of Polish immigrants who live in a rural community in southern Brazil. The aim is to analyze the semantic changes which emerged as a result of language contact with Brazilian Portuguese and to state if there is a semantical motivation between the primary meaning (brought by the immigrants) and the new meaning of the lexemes. The data used for the research was extracted from interviews conducted with nineteen Polish descendants. In the data there were found 64 lexemes which underwent a contact-induced semantic change. In 83% of cases there is a semantic link between the primary and the new meaning, which proves that the contact-induced semantic change can be subject to similar mechanisms that result in semantic change within one language only. The mechanisms observed most frequently in the data are generalization and metaphorization.

scholarly journals A Radiography of English Elements in Romania

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-104
Author(s):  
Loredana Pungă
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Semantic Change ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract This article aims to offer some insight into manifestations of language contact in the particular case of English and Romanian. It focuses on lexical, morpho-syntactic, semantic and discourse-related aspects of the influence of the former in the context of the latter. In particular, after pointing out the areas in which anglicization is especially obvious, attention is paid to: the adaptation of anglicisms so as to fit Romanian syntactic patterns; code switching and its functions; borrowing-triggered semantic change; lexical-semantic calques; and patterns of English written genres imposing new standards for equivalent Romanian genres.

Risk factors for low birth weight in a rural community in southern Brazil

1996 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 369-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Halpern ◽  
Earl S. Schaefer ◽  
Airton S. Pereira ◽  
Ernesto M. Arnt ◽  
Jandira Pureza Valente Bezerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Southern Brazil

Two Types of Constructionalization Processes in Spanish and Portuguese Clefted wh-interrogatives

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-160
Author(s):  
Malte Rosemeyer
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Semantic Change ◽  
Puerto Rican Spanish ◽  
Question Under Discussion ◽  
Discourse Functions ◽  
Madrid Spanish ◽  
Spanish Dialects

Abstract The present paper analyzes and compares the use of clefted wh-interrogatives in spoken Madrid Spanish, Puerto Rican Spanish and Brazilian Portuguese. In a first step, a typology of the discourse functions of clefted wh-interrogatives is established. This typology is partially governed by the strength of the presupposition of the proposition of the wh-interrogative. The results suggest the existence of two distinct constructionalization processes 1 March 2021. First, in the Spanish dialects, clefted wh-interrogatives with copula deletion are specialized in the expression of interactional challenges. Second, both Puerto Rican Spanish and Brazilian Portuguese evidence a change in the use of information-seeking clefted wh-interrogatives towards contexts in which the proposition of the interrogative is not activated. Consequently, in these dialects clefted wh-interrogatives can be used to establish questions not related to the current Question Under Discussion. However, this semantic change can be characterized as a constructionalization process only in Brazilian Portuguese.

scholarly journals Lexical Semantic Change Discovery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinan Kurtyigit ◽  
Maike Park ◽  
Dominik Schlechtweg ◽  
Jonas Kuhn ◽  
Sabine Schulte im Walde
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Change ◽  
Lexical Semantic

Adjectival Suffixes: From Latin to Romance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz Rainer
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Change Processes ◽  
Semantic Change ◽  
Semantic Categories ◽  
European Languages

All languages seem to have nouns and verbs, while the dimension of the class of adjectives varies considerably cross-linguistically. In some languages, verbs or, to a lesser extent, nouns take over the functions that adjectives fulfill in Indo-European languages. Like other such languages, Latin and the Romance languages have a rich category of adjectives, with a well-developed inventory of patterns of word formation that can be used to enrich it. There are about 100 patterns in Romance standard languages. The semantic categories expressed by adjectival derivation in Latin have remained remarkably stable in Romance, despite important changes at the level of single patterns. To some extent, this stability is certainly due to the profound process of relatinization that especially the Romance standard languages have undergone over the last 1,000 years; however, we may assume that it also reflects the cognitive importance of the semantic categories involved. Losses were mainly due to phonological attrition (Latin unstressed suffixes were generally doomed) and to the fact that many derived adjectives became nouns via ellipsis, thereby often reducing the stock of adjectives. At the same time, new adjectival patterns arose as a consequence of language contact and through semantic change, processes of noun–adjective conversion, and the transformation of evaluative suffixes into ethnic suffixes. Overall, the inventory of adjectival patterns of word formation is richer in present-day Romance languages than it was in Latin.

scholarly journals The role of L1 English speakers’ familiarity with Brazilian-accented English (L2) in the intelligibility of Brazilian learners of English (L2): a discussion on intelligibility from a Complex Dynamic Systems perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 339-362
Author(s):  
Déborah Salves ◽  
Paolla Wanglon ◽  
Ubiratã Kickhöfel Alves
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Systems ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Complex Dynamic ◽  
Systems Perspective ◽  
Complex Dynamic Systems ◽  
Accented English ◽  
L1 English

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of familiarity with Brazilian-accented English (L2) in the intelligibility of speech samples when judged by native English listeners. Speech samples were collected from five native Brazilian Portuguese individuals from Southern Brazil, with a pre-intermediate level of proficiency in English. Following a Complex Dynamic Systems account (De Bot et al., 2007), this is a longitudinal study in which a group of four British listeners participated in weekly intelligibility transcription tasks, applied over the course of five weeks. This group was comprised of individuals who had recently arrived in Brazil. Results suggest that familiarity with a speaker’s L1 and accented-L2 has an effect on the intelligibility of what is heard. From the perspective of Complex Dynamic Systems, we argue that there is an alteration of a listener’s perception of his/her own language system due to exposure to it as an L2.

Semantic Borrowing in Language Contact

2020 ◽  
pp. 154-172
Author(s):  
Brian Mott ◽  
Natalia J. Laso
Keyword(s):  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Morphological Change ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Lexical Item ◽  
Semantic Change ◽  
General Introduction ◽  
Formal Similarity ◽  
Foreign Counterpart

After providing a general introduction to loan phenomena, which may be phonological, grammatical and syntactic, morphological or lexical, and commenting on the degree to which various different languages have borrowed elements from other languages, this chapter concentrates on the main types of semantic change triggered by language contact, and underlines the frequency of these processes. First, loanwords are distinguished from loan creations, which are new coinages made from loan material. Then pure loanwords are contrasted with loanblends. Pure loanwords are adopted wholesale, with little phonological or morphological change, while loanblends adopt only part of the form of a foreign lexical item. Loanshifts borrow the meaning, but the form is native. These include pure loan translations (calques), where the original morphemes are translated item by item. The more fanciful among these are called loan renditions, in which the translation of the foreign word is freer and less than literal. In semantic loan (semantic calque), a native word undergoes extension of its meaning on the model of a foreign counterpart. The second half of the chapter deals with the causes of semantic borrowing, and shows that it is often induced by formal similarity of cognates. In this section, attention is paid to pressure from the native language in second language acquisition, and the influence exerted on dialect by the standard language, or vice versa. The chapter ends with some examples of pragmatic borrowing.

scholarly journals DICIONÁRIO MULTILÍNGUE DO MEIO AMBIENTE: TERMOS EM PORTUGUÊS BRASILEIRO

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia Cristina Cruz Lamberti Arraes
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Semantics ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Frame Semantics ◽  
Conceptual Representations ◽  
Lexical Semantic

DICIONÁRIO MULTILÍNGUE DO MEIO AMBIENTE: TERMOS EM PORTUGUÊS BRASILEIROResumo: No presente artigo, apresentamos uma pesquisa conduzida para a elaboração do dicionário multilíngue do meio ambiente, com termos em português brasileiro, em colaboração com o Dictionnaire fondamental de l’environnment (DiCoEnviro) desenvolvido pelo Observatoire de Linguistique SensTexte (OLST) da Université de Montréal, no Canadá. A partir de modelos léxico-semânticos aplicados à terminologia, com base em L’Homme (2004, 2015, 2016), e a semântica de frames com base no projeto FrameNet (2015), a pesquisa foi conduzida, e está em andamento, com a finalidade de selecionar termos e identificar as suas relações terminológicas, assim como de descrever as propriedades linguísticas dos termos e conectar tal descrição a uma representação conceitual a partir da delimitação de frames.Palavras-chave: terminologia; semântica lexical; semântica de frames; meio ambiente. MULTILINGUAL DICTIONARY OF THE ENVIRONMENT: TERMS IN BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESEAbstract: This article presents a research carried out to prepare a multilingual dictionary on the environment with terms in Brazilian Portuguese. This project works in collaboration with the Dictionnaire fondamental de l’environnment (DiCoEnviro) developped by the Observatoire de Linguistique SensTexte (OLST) at the Université de Montréal in Canada. Based on lexical semantic approaches applied to Terminology drawing on L’Homme (2004, 2015, 2016) and frame semantics, mainly the FrameNet project (2015), the research has been conducted with the purpose of selecting terms and identifying their terminological relationships at the same time that it describes the linguistic properties of terms and connects this description to conceptual representations based on frames.Keywords: terminology; lexical semantics; frame semantics; environment. DICCIONARIO MULTILÍNGÜE DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE: TÉRMINOS EN PORTUGUÉS BRASILEÑOResumen: En este artículo, presentamos un estudio llevado a cabo para la preparación de diccionario multilingüe del medio ambiente, con términos en portugués brasileño, en colaboración con el Dictionnaire fondamental de l'environnement (DiCoEnviro) desarrollado por el Observatoire de Linguistique Sens-Texte (OLST) de la Université de Montréal, en Canadá. A partir de modelos léxicosemánticos aplicados a la terminología, con base en L'Homme (2004, 2015, 2016), y la semántica de frames con base en el proyecto FrameNet (2015), la investigación fue conducida, y está en marcha, con la finalidad de seleccionar términos e identificar sus relaciones terminológicas, así como de describir las propiedades lingüísticas de los términos y conectar dicha descripción a una representación conceptual a partir de la delimitación de frames.Palabras clave: terminologia; semántica lexical; semántica de frames; medio ambiente.

scholarly journals Diachronic Usage Relatedness (DURel): A Framework for the Annotation of Lexical Semantic Change

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Schlechtweg ◽  
Sabine Schulte im Walde ◽  
Stefanie Eckmann
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Change ◽  
Lexical Semantic
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