scholarly journals The importance of pollutional loads during wet weather

2019 ◽  
pp. 271-282
Author(s):  
Oddvar Georg Lindholm ◽  
Lars Aaby
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
The Other ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Receiving Waters ◽  
Wet Weather ◽  
Annual Discharge

Wet weather discharges consist mainly of washed out surface pollution in separate sewered areas, but in combined sewered areas; resuspended pipe deposits, surface washoff and sewage, discharging via combined sewer overflows (CSOs). Of the three mentioned sources, resuspended pipe solids is dominating over the other two and may contribute as much as 50 to 90 % of the total amount of the CSO. The CSO in a normal catchment may also on an annual bases be of the same amount, or even twice as much as the effluent from the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). If the receiving waters are vulnerable to shock loads on a daily base, it is important to be aware that the amount of CSO might, at its most adverse be up to I 00 times more than the effluent from the WWTP during a day. The annual discharge via CSOs in a catchment may easily vary with a factor of up to 8 from the driest to the wettest year, during time series of 20 to 40 years.

scholarly journals Analysis of Combined Sewer Flow Storage Scenarios Prior to Wastewater Treatment Plant

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grażyna Sakson ◽  
Marek Zawilski ◽  
Agnieszka Brzezińska
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Receiving Waters ◽  
Wet Weather

Abstract Combined sewer systems in cities are increasingly equipped with additional storage facilities or other installations necessary for keeping the wastewater treatment plants from overloading during wet weather and reducing combined sewer overflows into receiving waters. Effective methods for reducing such negative phenomena include the temporary storage of wet weather flow in an end-of-pipe separate tank or in a sewer system. In this paper, four scenarios of wastewater storage for the Group Wastewater Treatment Plant (GWWTP) in Lodz (Poland) have been analysed: a storage in a separate single tank located in GWWTP, a storage in the bypass channel in GWWTP, in-sewer storage, and a combination of the aforementioned variants, also with real time control (RTC) system introduced. The basic calculations were performed using the EPA’s SWMM software for the period of 5 years (2004-2008). The chosen solution - storage in a separate storage tank - has been verified based on the inflow dataset from the years 2009-2013. The specific volume of the separate storage tank should be at least 22 m3 per hectare of impervious catchment area, but it could be reduced if additional in-sewer storage with RTC were introduced. Both options allow the effective protection of receiving waters against discharge of untreated sewage during wet weather.

Implementation of Hamilton-Wentworth Region’s Pollution Control Plan

1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Stirrup
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Control Plan ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Sewer Overflows

Abstract The Regional Municipality of Hamilton-Wentworth operates a large combined sewer system which diverts excess combined sewage to local receiving waters at over 20 locations. On average, there are approximately 23 combined sewer overflows per year, per outfall. The region’s Pollution Control Plan, adopted by Regional Council in 1992, concluded that the only reasonable means of dealing with large volumes of combined sewer overflow in Hamilton was to intercept it at the outlets, detain it and convey it to the wastewater treatment plant after the storm events. The recommended control strategy relies heavily on off-line storage, with an associated expansion of the Woodward Avenue wastewater treatment plant to achieve target reductions of combined sewer overflows to 1–4 per year on average. The region has begun to implement this Pollution Control Plan in earnest. Three off-line detention storage tanks are already in operation, construction of a fourth facility is well underway, and conceptual design of a number of other proposed facilities has commenced. To make the best possible use of these facilities and existing in-line storage, the region is implementing a microcomputer-based real-time control system. A number of proposed Woodward Avenue wastewater treatment plant process upgrades and expansions have also been undertaken. This paper reviews the region's progress in implementing these control measures.

scholarly journals Quantitative Detection of Human Adenoviruses in Wastewater and Combined Sewer Overflows Influencing a Michigan River

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 715-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theng-Theng Fong ◽  
Mantha S. Phanikumar ◽  
Irene Xagoraraki ◽  
Joan B. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Combined Sewer

ABSTRACT Enteric viruses are important pathogens found in contaminated surface waters and have previously been detected in waters of the Great Lakes. Human adenoviruses were monitored because of their high prevalence and persistence in aquatic environments. In this study, we quantified adenoviruses in wastewater, surface water, and combined sewer overflows (CSOs) by real-time PCR. Between August 2005 and August 2006, adenovirus concentrations in raw sewage, primary-treated effluent, secondary-treated effluent, and chlorinated effluent from a wastewater treatment plant in Michigan were examined. CSO samples (n = 6) were collected from a CSO retention basin in Grand Rapids, MI. Adenoviruses were detected in 100% of wastewater and CSO discharge samples. Average adenovirus DNA concentrations in sewage and CSOs were 1.15 × 106 viruses/liter and 5.35 × 105 viruses/liter, respectively. Adenovirus removal was <2 log10 (99%) at the wastewater treatment plant. Adenovirus type 41 (60% of clones), type 12 (29%), type 40 (3%), type 2 (3%), and type 3 (3%) were isolated from raw sewage and primary effluents (n = 28). Six of 20 surface water samples from recreational parks at the lower Grand River showed virus concentrations above the real-time PCR detection limit (average, 7.8 × 103 viruses/liter). This research demonstrates that wastewater effluents and wastewater-impacted surface waters in the lower Grand River in Michigan contain high levels of viruses and may not be suitable for full-body recreational activities. High concentrations of adenovirus in these waters may be due to inefficient removal during wastewater treatment and to the high persistence of these viruses in the environment.

scholarly journals Time-series genome-centric analysis unveils bacterial response to operational disturbance in activated sludge

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Victoria Pérez ◽  
Leandro D. Guerrero ◽  
Esteban Orellana ◽  
Eva L. Figuerola ◽  
Leonardo Erijman
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
The Face

ABSTRACTUnderstanding ecosystem response to disturbances and identifying the most critical traits for the maintenance of ecosystem functioning are important goals for microbial community ecology. In this study, we used 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and metagenomics to investigate the assembly of bacterial populations in a full-scale municipal activated sludge wastewater treatment plant over a period of three years, including a period of nine month of disturbance, characterized by short-term plant shutdowns. Following the reconstruction of 173 metagenome-assembled genomes, we assessed the functional potential, the number of rRNA gene operons and thein situgrowth rate of microorganisms present throughout the time series. Operational disturbances caused a significant decrease in bacteria with a single copy of the ribosomal RNA (rrn) operon. Despite only moderate differences in resource availability, replication rates were distributed uniformly throughout time, with no differences between disturbed and stable periods. We suggest that the length of the growth lag phase, rather than the growth rate, as the primary driver of selection under disturbed conditions. Thus, the system could maintain its function in the face of disturbance by recruiting bacteria with the capacity to rapidly resume growth under unsteady operating conditions.IMPORTANCEIn this work we investigated the response of microbial communities to disturbances in a full-scale activated sludge wastewater treatment plant over a time-scale that included periods of stability and disturbance. We performed a genome-wide analysis, which allowed us the direct estimation of specific cellular traits, including the rRNA operon copy number and the in situ growth rate of bacteria. This work builds upon recent efforts to incorporate growth efficiency for the understanding of the physiological and ecological processes shaping microbial communities in nature. We found evidence that would suggest that activated sludge could maintain its function in the face of disturbance by recruiting bacteria with the capacity to rapidly resume growth under unsteady operating conditions. This paper provides relevant insights into wastewater treatment process, and may also reveal a key role for growth traits in the adaptive response of bacteria to unsteady environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Analysis of the time series of waste water quality at the inflow of the wastewater treatment plant and transfer functions

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Nesmerak ◽  
Sarka D. Blazkova
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Total Precipitation ◽  
Periodic Components ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pollution Loads ◽  
Daily Total

Abstract Time series of the daily total precipitation, daily wastewater discharges and daily concentrations and pollution loads of BOD5, COD, SS, N-NH4, Ntot and Ptot were analyzed at the inflow to the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) for a larger city in 2004-2009 (WWTP is loaded by pollution from 435,000 equivalent inhabitants). The time series of the outflow from a WWTP was also available for 2007. The time series of daily total precipitation, daily wastewater discharges, concentrations and pollution loads at the inflow and outflow from the WWTP were standardized year by year to exclude a long-term trend, and periodic components with a period of 7 days and 365 days (and potentially also 186.5 days) were excluded from the standardized series. However, these two operations eliminated only a small part of the variance; there was a substantial reduction in the variance only for ammonium nitrogen and total nitrogen at the inflow and outflow from a WWTP. The relationship between the inflow into a WWTP and the outflow from a WWTP for the concentrations and pollution loads was described by simple transfer functions (SISO models) and more complicated transfer functions (MISO models). A simple transfer function (SISO model) was employed to describe the relationship between the daily total precipitation and the wastewater discharge.

The influence of biodegradability of sewer solids for the management of CSOs

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sakrabani ◽  
R.M. Ashley ◽  
J. Vollertsen
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Bulk Water ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Sediment Erosion ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Utilisation Rate ◽  
Laboratory Device ◽  
Receiving Waters ◽  
Oxygen Utilisation ◽  
Wet Weather

The re-suspension of sediments in combined sewers and the associated pollutants into the bulk water during wet weather flows can cause pollutants to be carried further downstream to receiving waters or discharged via Combined Sewer Overflows (CSO). A typical pollutograph shows the trend of released bulk pollutants with time but does not consider information on the biodegradability of these pollutants. A new prediction methodology based on Oxygen Utilisation Rate (respirometric method) and Erosionmeter (laboratory device replicating in-sewer erosion) experiments is proposed which is able to predict the trends in biodegradability during in-sewer sediment erosion in wet weather conditions. The proposed new prediction methodology is also based on COD fractionation techniques.

scholarly journals Time Series Genome-Centric Analysis Unveils Bacterial Response to Operational Disturbance in Activated Sludge

mSystems ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
María Victoria Pérez ◽  
Leandro D. Guerrero ◽  
Esteban Orellana ◽  
Eva L. Figuerola ◽  
Leonardo Erijman
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Lag Phase

ABSTRACT Understanding ecosystem response to disturbances and identifying the most critical traits for the maintenance of ecosystem functioning are important goals for microbial community ecology. In this study, we used 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and metagenomics to investigate the assembly of bacterial populations in a full-scale municipal activated sludge wastewater treatment plant over a period of 3 years, including a 9-month period of disturbance characterized by short-term plant shutdowns. Following the reconstruction of 173 metagenome-assembled genomes, we assessed the functional potential, the number of rRNA gene operons, and the in situ growth rate of microorganisms present throughout the time series. Operational disturbances caused a significant decrease in bacteria with a single copy of the rRNA (rrn) operon. Despite moderate differences in resource availability, replication rates were distributed uniformly throughout time, with no differences between disturbed and stable periods. We suggest that the length of the growth lag phase, rather than the growth rate, is the primary driver of selection under disturbed conditions. Thus, the system could maintain its function in the face of disturbance by recruiting bacteria with the capacity to rapidly resume growth under unsteady operating conditions. IMPORTANCE Disturbance is a key determinant of community assembly and dynamics in natural and engineered ecosystems. Microbiome response to disturbance is thought to be influenced by bacterial growth traits and life history strategies. In this time series observational study, the response to disturbance of microbial communities in a full-scale activated sludge wastewater treatment plant was assessed by computing specific cellular traits of genomes retrieved from metagenomes. It was found that the genomes observed in disturbed periods have more copies of the rRNA operon than genomes observed in stable periods, whereas the in situ mean relative growth rates of bacteria present during stable and disturbed periods were indistinguishable. From these intriguing observations, we infer that the length of the lag phase might be a growth trait that affects the microbial response to disturbance. Further exploration of this hypothesis could contribute to better understanding of the adaptive response of microbiomes to unsteady environmental conditions.

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