scholarly journals Waḥdat al-Wujūd as Post-Avicennian Thought: Comparing Writings on the Basmala by Ibn ‘Arabī and ‘Abd al-Karīm al-Jīlī

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-215
Author(s):  
Rüdiger Lohlker
Keyword(s):  
Main Element ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Classical Philosophy ◽  
Ibn Arabi

The article has a two main aims: situating the (post-)Akbarian ideas in the context of Islamic post-classical, esp., post-Avicennian thought and moving the field of the study ‘Abd al-Karīm al-Jīlī away from the focus on one work, al-Insān al-Kāmil, to the inclusion of a broader specter of writings regarded as minor texts. The article proposes a rhizomatic reading of the sources to re-open the field of analysis. At the same time, the article argues for waḥdat al-wujūd as a main element of post-classical Islamic discourse sharing a framework with post-Avicennian thought. Reconfiguring the field of the study of writings on waḥdat al-wujūd this will allow for an analysis of the field not an analysis of selected works. The analysis will be done by a close reading of a set of works focussed on the basmala as one of the most important formulae. This is not an analysis of the letters and its interpretations but much more of the post-classical philosophy and the relation of the Sufism of waḥdat al-wujūd to it. The article discusses the role of the writings of al-Jīlī and Ibn ‘Arabī. The analysis of the field of writings of al-Jīlī opens a perspective on waḥdat al-wujūd as an interrelated field of meanings beyond the focus on single works and its possible intertextual references.

Patrick Kavanagh and the Authentic ‘Dispensation’: Rereading the Role of Narrator in The Great Hunger

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Kilcoyne
Keyword(s):  
National Literature ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Peasant Farmer ◽  
Nineteen Forties ◽  
Death Knell

This essay posits a challenge to the continued reading of The Great Hunger (1942) as a realist depiction of the Irish small-farming class in the nineteen forties. The widespread critical acceptance of the poem as a socio-historical ‘documentary’ both relies upon and propagates an outmoded notion of authenticity based upon the implicit fallacy that Kavanagh's body of work designates a quintessence of Irishness in contradistinction to his Revivalist predecessors. In 1959 Kavanagh referred to this delusion as constituting his ‘dispensation’, for indeed it did provide a poetic niche for the young poet. Kavanagh's acknowledgement of this dispensation came with his rejection of all prescriptive literary symbols. While this iconoclasm is widely recognised in his later career, the relevance of The Great Hunger to this question continues to be overlooked. In fact, this poem contains his strongest dialectic upon the use of symbols – such as the peasant farmer – in designating an authentic national literature. The close reading of The Great Hunger offered here explores the poem's central deconstruction of ruralism and authenticity. The final ‘apocalypse of clay’ is the poem's collapse under the stress of its own deconstructed symbolism; the final scream sounds the death knell to Kavanagh's adherence to his authentic dispensation.

Bad Dreams and Secret Artists: Translating Freud into Literature

2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Ordinary Language ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Careful Attention ◽  
Popular Approach ◽  
English Reader ◽  
Creative Writer ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Way

This article addresses the increasingly popular approach to Freud and his work which sees him primarily as a literary writer rather than a psychologist, and takes this as the context for an examination of Joyce Crick's recent translation of The Interpretation of Dreams. It claims that translation lies at the heart of psychoanalysis, and that the many interlocking and overlapping implications of the word need to be granted a greater degree of complexity. Those who argue that Freud is really a creative writer are themselves doing a work of translation, and one which fails to pay sufficiently careful attention to the role of translation in writing itself (including the notion of repression itself as a failure to translate). Lesley Chamberlain's The Secret Artist: A Close Reading of Sigmund Freud is taken as an example of the way Freud gets translated into a novelist or an artist, and her claims for his ‘bizarre poems' are criticized. The rest of the article looks closely at Crick's new translation and its claim to be restoring Freud the stylist, an ordinary language Freud, to the English reader. The experience of reading Crick's translation is compared with that of reading Strachey's, rather to the latter's advantage.

Gedanken zu Genesis 46,8–27

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-104
Author(s):  
Wilfried Warning
Keyword(s):  
Close Reading ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Distinct Distribution

Abstract In general, commentators consider Gen 46:8–27 as a secondary addition. Close reading brings to light the structuring role of verses 18 and 25 („these were the sons of Zilpah / Bilhah … and these she bore to Jacob, sixteen souls / seven souls”). In a ten-part outline based on the personal name (PN) „Jacob” v. 18 takes the fourth and v.25 the fourth from last positions. In Genesis 37–50 the noun נפש „soul” occurs thirteen times – now v. 18 takes the sixth and v. 25 the sixth-from-last positions. The thirteen-part table based on the PN „Ruben” stands out for two reasons: Firstly, in Genesis the term „Ruben the first born of Jacob” shows up only twice, namely in the first (34,23) and last (46,8) texts. Secondly, as regards content 37,22 and 42,22 are correlated. In the 13-part outline they take the sixth and sixth-from-last positions respectively. The distinct distribution of these terms indicates that the passage per se is well structured and, what is more, at the same time it has been skillfully integrated in Gen 37–50 and in the Jacob-Joseph cycle.

The Frame Problem in Ethics

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 53-73
Author(s):  
Sebastian Gałecki
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Moral Judgment ◽  
First Principles ◽  
Practical Reasoning ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Frame Problem ◽  
Classical Philosophy ◽  
The Frame Problem ◽  
The Invisible

Although the “frame problem” in philosophy has been raised in the context of the artificial intelligence, it is only an exemplification of broader problem. It seems that contemporary ethical debates are not so much about conclusions, decisions, norms, but rather about what we might call a “frame”. Metaethics has always been the bridge between purely ethical principles (“this is good and it should be done”, “this is wrong and it should be avoided”) and broader (ontological, epistemic, anthropological etc.) assumptions. One of the most interesting meta-ethical debates concerns the “frame problem”: whether the ethical frame is objective and self-evident, or is it objective but not self-evident? In classical philosophy, this problem takes the form of a debate on the first principles: nonprovable but necessary starting points for any practical reasoning. They constitute the invisible but essential frame of every moral judgment, decision and action. The role of philosophy is not only to expose these principles, but also to understand the nature of the moral frame.

scholarly journals Between Sensorimotor Data and Conceptual Message: Embodied Simulation as an Approach to the Reading of Two Science Fiction Plays, Jennifer Haley’s The Nether and Peter Sinn Nachtrieb’s Boom

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Khaled Mostafa Karam
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Cognitive Capacity ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Mental Process ◽  
Embodied Simulation ◽  
Thematic Content ◽  
Linguistic Input ◽  
Stimulation Of

This paper explains how the activation of the reader’s cognitive capacity of embodied simulation can improve the perception of science fiction and its interest in exploring the materiality of bodies. It offers an embodied cognitive interpretation of Haley’s The Nether and Nachtrieeb’s Boom, stressing the role of close reading of sensorimotor data in triggering the mental process of simulation and reinforcing the reader’s embodied involvement within the text. This paper also illustrates the cognitive link between linguistic input data in the process of reading science fiction and the stimulation of the capacity of embodied simulation. It argues that the more intensive the sensorimotor data is, the more appealing to the capacity of embodied simulation the text proves to be. The paper attempts to prove that the close reading of science fiction drama, abundant in sensorimotor data, is capable of generating an embodied simulative experience which guarantees a deeper understanding of the thematic content and an empathic engagement with the characters.

scholarly journals Strategi Pemberdayaan Wilayah Pesisir Dalam Menghadapi Bencana Tsunami Serta Implikasinya Terhadap Ketahanan Wilayah (Studi di Desa Bulakan, Kecamatan Cinangka, Kabupaten Serang, Banten)

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Syaiful Anwar ◽  
Agus Winarna ◽  
Priyanto Suharto
Keyword(s):  
Management Plan ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Main Element ◽  
Good Communication ◽  
Tidal Waves ◽  
Tsunami Disaster ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Prone Area

ABSTRACTSerang Regency in Banten Province is a multi-prone area of natural disaster, with the greatest potential disasters particularly like floods, landslides, earthquakes, tidal waves, tsunamis, and abrasion. At the time of the Banten tsunami at December 2018, Bulakan Village, Cinangka Subdistrict, Serang Regency was a tsunami affected area that was classified as quite severe. Natural disasters are real threats with non-military threats.The role of relevant ministries/government institutions as the main element in non-military defense also needs attention. The aim of this study is to find the root of the problems and also the solutions related to non-military defense in confronting the real threat in the form of a tsunami disaster that struck the Serang Regency. This research is using a qualitative method supported by the case-study method. All the information obtained from the defined informants was analyzed by qualitative analysis technique. This research also aims to analyze the implementation of coastal area empowerment strategies and institutional synergy mechanism implemented at Bulakan Vilage, Cinangka Subdistrict,  Serang Regency, Banten Province.The results showed that the empowerment of coastal areas in the form of institutional synergy in Serang District was carried out with a tsunami disaster management plan based on empowerment of coastal areas such as the development of coastal community disaster awareness, and compiling sustainable  plans for a tsunami disaster. Some factors that influence the implementation of the coastal areas empowering strategy in Serang Regency in facing the tsunami disaster are community supports and good communication among the stakeholders.ABSTRAK           Kabupaten Serang di Provinsi Banten merupakan wilayah multirawan bencana, dengan potensi bencana  terbesar yang meliputi banjir, tanah longsor, gempa, gelombang pasang, tsunami, dan abrasi. Pada saat tsunami yang menerjang Selat Sunda pada Desember 2018 lalu, Desa Bulakan, Kecamatan Cinangka, Kabupaten Serang merupakan daerah terdampak tsunami yang tergolong cukup parah. Bencana alam merupakan ancaman nyata berdimensi ancaman nir-militer. Peran kementerian/ lembaga pemerintah terkait sebagai unsur utama dalam pertahanan nir-militer juga perlu mendapat perhatian, sehingga ditemukan akar permasalahan dan solusi terkait pertahanan nir-militer dalam menghadapi anacaman nyata berupa bencana tsunami yang melanda wilayah Kabupaten Serang. Penelitian ini menerapkan metode kualitatif yang didukung oleh metode penelitian studi kasus. Informasi yang didapatkan dari para narasumber yang dituju selanjutnya dibahas dengan menerapkan teknik analisis kualitatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis implementasi strategi pemberdayaan wilayah pesisir dan mekanisme sinergitas kelembagaan yang dilaksanakan di wilayah Desa Bulakan, Kecamatan Cinangka, Kabupaten Serang, Provinsi Banten. Hasil dari kajian ini memperlihatkan bahwa pemberdayaan wilayah pesisir di Desa Bulakan  dalam bentuk sinergitas kelembagaan di Kabupaten Serang dilakukan dengan rencana aksi penanggulangan bencana tsunami berbasis pemberdayaan wilayah pesisir yang meliputi pembinaan kesadaran bencana masyarakat pesisir, dan menyusun rencana simulasi bencana tsunami berkelanjutan. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi terselenggaranya strategi pemberdayaan wilayah pesisir di wilayah Serang dalam menghadapi bencana tsunami adalah dukungan masyarakat dan komunikasi yang baik antara para pemangku kepentingan

scholarly journals “Merde Alors!”

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-383
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Bernini
Keyword(s):  
Prime Minister ◽  
Judith Butler ◽  
Recent History ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Umberto Eco ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Deputy Prime Minister

AbstractIn recent history, Italy has repeatedly emerged as a successful laboratory for political experiments. After WWI, Fascism was invented there by Mussolini, and it quickly spread across Europe. In the 1990s, Berlusconi anticipated Trump's entrepreneurial populism. Today, there is a risk that Italy will once again perform the role of a political avant-garde: that it will export to Europe a sovereign populism of a new kind that is nonetheless in continuity with disquieting features of the worst past. The essay performs a close reading of the programmatic speech that Minister of Home Affairs and Deputy Prime Minister of Italy Matteo Salvini delivered in July 2018 at the thirty-second annual gathering of the Lega party. Its aim is to detect the presence in it of the politics of abjection (Judith Butler), a “Fascist archetype” (Umberto Eco) that affects both racialized and non-heterosexual people.

Biobank Participants’ Attitudes Toward Data Sharing and Privacy: The Role of Trust in Reducing Perceived Risks

2021 ◽  
pp. 155626462110552
Author(s):  
T.J. Kasperbauer ◽  
Colin Halverson ◽  
Abby Garcia ◽  
Peter H. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Health Information ◽  
Data Sharing ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Knowledge Test ◽  
Consent Forms ◽  
Perceived Risks ◽  
Participant Understanding

Biobank participants are often unaware of possible uses of their genetic and health information, despite explicit descriptions of those uses in consent forms. To explore why this misunderstanding persists, we conducted semi-structured interviews and knowledge tests with 22 participants who had recently enrolled in a research biobank. Results indicated that participants lacked understanding of privacy and data-sharing topics but were mostly unconcerned about associated risks. Participants described their answers on the knowledge test as largely driven by their trust in the healthcare system, not by a close reading of the information presented to them. This finding may help explain the difficulties in increasing participant understanding of privacy-related topics, even when such information is clearly presented in biobank consent forms.

The Use and Abuse of Training “Science” in Philostratus' Gymnasticus

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-125
Author(s):  
Charles H. Stocking
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Training ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Style Analysis ◽  
Ancient Medicine ◽  
Bodily Knowledge ◽  
Olympic Athlete

This article addresses how the sophistic-style analysis in Philostratus' Gymnasticus gives expression to the physical and social complexities involved in ancient athletic training. As a case in point, the article provides a close reading of Philostratus' description and criticism of the Tetrad, a four-day sequence of training, which resulted in the death of an Olympic athlete. To make physiological sense of the Tetrad, this method of training is compared to the role of periodization in ancient medicine and modern kinesiology. At the same time, Philostratus' own critique of the Tetrad is compared to Foucauldian models of discipline and bodily attention. Ultimately, it is argued that the Tetrad fails because it does not incorporate καιρός, a theme common to athletics, medicine, and rhetoric. Overall, therefore, Philostratus' critique of the Tetrad helps us to appreciate the underrepresented role that γυμναστική occupied in the larger debates on bodily knowledge in antiquity.

Language Pangs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilit Ferber
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Philosophical Text ◽  
Origin Of Language ◽  
Pain Expression ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

Language and pain are usually thought of as opposites, the one being about expression and communication, the other destructive, “beyond words,” and isolating. Language Pangs challenges these familiar conceptions and offers a reconsideration of the relationship between pain and language in terms of an essential interconnectedness rather than an exclusive opposition. The book’s premise is that the experience of pain cannot be probed without consideration of its inherent relation to language, and vice versa: understanding the nature of language essentially depends on an account of its relationship with pain. Language Pangs brings together discussions of philosophical as well as literary texts, an intersection especially productive in considering the phenomenology of pain and its bearing on language. The book’s first chapter presents a phenomenology of pain and its relation to language. Chapters 2 and 3 provide a close reading of Herder’s Treatise on the Origin of Language (1772), which was the first modern philosophical text to bring together language and pain, establishing the cry of pain as the origin of language. Herder also raises important claims regarding the relationship between human and animal, sympathy, and the role of hearing in the experience of pain. Chapter 4 is devoted to Heidegger’s seminar (1939) on Herder’s text about language, a relatively unknown seminar that raises important claims regarding pain, expression, and hearing. Chapter 5 focuses on Sophocles’ story of Philoctetes, important to Herder’s treatise, in terms of pain, expression, sympathy, and hearing, also referring to more thinkers such as Cavell and Gide.

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