scholarly journals CORRELATION OF ION CONTENTS WITH ETHYLENE PRODUCTION DURING THE RIPENING PROCESS OF SUGARCANE (SACCHARUM OFFICINARUM L.) WITH THE APPLICATION OF CHEMICAL RIPENERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 063-073
Author(s):  
M. TUFAIL ◽  
K. HUSSAIN
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Ripening Process ◽  
Ion Contents

scholarly journals PECTIN OLIGOMERS - POTENTIAL ENDOGENOUS REGULATORS OF RIPENING?

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 653g-653
Author(s):  
Eunice Melotto ◽  
L. Carl Greve ◽  
John M. Labavitch
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Polygalacturonic Acid ◽  
Ripening Process ◽  
Size Classes ◽  
Endogenous Regulators ◽  
Fruit Pericarp

Acid hydrolysis-generated pectic oligomers have been shown to affect ripening of tomato fruit by inducing both acceleration of reddening and increased ethylene biosynthesis (Campbell & Labavitch, 1991 Plant Physiol 97:706-713). In the present work, homogeneous size classes of these oligomers were demonstrated to have different impacts on ethylene production of tomato fruit pericarp discs. Endogenous oligomeric material of the same size classes was isolated from ripening tomato tissues and also tested for biological activity. They promoted some aspects of ripening as shown by increased ACC and ethylene production, which suggests that pectic oligomers are potential regulators of the ripening process in tomatoes. A metabolic origin for these oligomers is suggested by the fact that they are produced by in vitro polygalacturonase I treatment of polygalacturonic acid or tomato pectin.

scholarly journals Identification of a Gene Encoding Glutamate Decarboxylase Involved in the Postharvest Fruit Ripening Process in Banana

HortScience ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 1056-1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Hu ◽  
Ju-Hua Liu ◽  
Xiao-Ying Yang ◽  
Jian-Bin Zhang ◽  
Cai-Hong Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Glutamate Decarboxylase ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Ripening Process ◽  
Climacteric Fruit ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Postharvest Ripening ◽  
Exogenous Ethylene

The banana, a typical climacteric fruit, undergoes a postharvest ripening process followed by a burst in ethylene production that signals the beginning of the climacteric period. Postharvest ripening plays an important role in improving the quality of the fruit as well as limiting its shelf life. To investigate the role of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) in climacteric ethylene biosynthesis and fruit ripening in postharvest banana, a GAD gene was isolated from banana, designated MuGAD. Coincidently with climacteric ethylene production, MuGAD expression as well as the expression of the genes encoding the Musa 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (MaACS1) and Musa 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (MaACO1) greatly increased during natural ripening and in ethylene-treated banana. Moreover, ethylene biosynthesis, ripening progress, and MuGAD, MaACS1, and MaACO1 expression were enhanced by exogenous ethylene application and inhibited by 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP). Taken together, our results suggested that MuGAD is involved in the fruit ripening process in postharvest banana.

scholarly journals Postharvest Behavior of Transgenic Cantaloupe Melons with Suppressed ACC Oxidase Activity

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 571d-571
Author(s):  
Jean-Claude Pech
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Acc Oxidase ◽  
Cell Wall Degradation ◽  
Antisense Gene ◽  
Ripening Process ◽  
Respiratory Behavior ◽  
Exogenous Ethylene

We have generated transgenic Cantaloupe Charentais melons expressing an ACC oxidase antisense gene in which ethylene production was reduced to less than 1% as compared to control untransformed fruits. As a consequence, some aspects of the ripening process were strongly inhibited (aroma volatiles production, chlorophyll and cell wall degradation, pigmentation of the rind, activation of peduncular abscission zone) while others remained unchanged (coloration of the flesh), allowing us to distinguish between ethylene-dependent and ethylene-independent pathways. Some postharvest characteristics of the transgenic fruit are described in terms of expression of ripening-related genes, respiratory behavior, and biochemical composition. Data also are presented showing that exogenous ethylene treatments could reverse the antisense phenotype.

scholarly journals Pawpaw [Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal] Fruit Ripening. I. Ethylene Biosynthesis and Production

2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
pp. 638-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rumphan Koslanund ◽  
Douglas D. Archbold ◽  
Kirk W. Pomper
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Acc Oxidase ◽  
Acc Synthase ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight Basis ◽  
Ripening Process ◽  
Acc Content

Pawpaw fruit ethylene production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase (ACS) and ACC oxidase (ACO) activities, and tissue content of the ethylene precursor ACC and conjugate malonyl-ACC (MACC) were measured during postharvest ripening. Fruit were harvested near the advent of the ripening process and were ripened at room temperature. The fruit displayed increases in ethylene production and respiration rate during ripening with maxima for both 3 days after harvest. Mean ethylene maxima on a fresh weight basis were 4.7 and 7.6 μg·kg-1·h-1 and mean respiratory (CO2 production) maxima on a fresh weight basis were 220 and 239 mg·kg-1·h-1 in 1999 and 2001, respectively. The increase in ethylene evolution coincided with an increase in respiration and a rapid decline in fruit firmness. Internal and external fruit firmness declined in a parallel manner. The ethylene climacteric peak occurred after the greatest decline in fruit firmness, indicating that low levels of ethylene may be sufficient to initiate the ripening process. The ethylene climacteric peak also coincided with the highest activities of both ACS and ACO as well as the maximum tissue ACC content. As ACC content increased, MACC content declined, suggesting a regulation of ethylene production via free ACC levels by malonylation of ACC. Thus, the climacteric development of ethylene production may be regulated by an increase of ACS activity and a decrease in ACC malonyltransferase activity, making more free ACC available for the production of ethylene by increased activity of ACO.

scholarly journals ASPECTS OF ETHYLENE BIOSYNTHETIC PATHWAY IN TOMATO FRUITS DURING THE RIPENING PROCESS

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 651d-651
Author(s):  
Hirofumi Terai ◽  
Hironobu Tsuchida ◽  
Masashi Mizuno
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Acc Synthase ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Tomato Fruits ◽  
Ripening Process ◽  
Endogenous Ethylene ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Exogenous Ethylene ◽  
Days After Anthesis

Green fruits of normal ripening type of tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) were picked 13-39 days after anthesis and stored at 20°C. Although more days were required for the ripening of the fruits if the stage of picking was earlier, all fruits became red and soft during storage. This result shows that considerably immature fruits have the ability of ripening. Green tomato fruits at three stages (18. 29 and 38 days after anthesis) were treated with ethylene for one day. The activity of ethylene forming enzyme (EFE) and the conversion of applied 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) to N-malonyl-ACC (MACC) in the three stages of tomato fruits were accelerated by exogenous ethylene, though endogenous ethylene production was hardly observed. When the green tomato fruits (31-34 days after anthesis) were treated with ethylene for one day and then transferred to air. the activity of EFE and the conversion of applied ACC to MACC were depressed. The activity of ACC synthase was not accelerated by ethylene treatment of only one day, but was accelerated by a longer term treatment, followed by increased ethylene production and the onset of ripening.

scholarly journals Influence of Preharvest AVG Application on the Activity of Sorbitol Dehydrogenase in Apple Fruit

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1143C-1143
Author(s):  
Valeria Sigal-Escalada ◽  
Douglas D. Archbold
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Sorbitol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Ripening Process ◽  
Fruit Drop ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Fuji Apple ◽  
Over Time

Sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) is a key enzyme in apple fruit converting sorbitol into fructose. SDH activity in `Fuji' apple was reported to increase close to harvest, perhaps as part of the ripening process. Aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) is used to delay fruit ripening and prevent fruit drop, though its effect on sorbitol metabolism is not known. To determine if the late season increase in SDH activity is common among apple cultivars and if AVG use affects SDH expression and activity, AVG was applied to `Lodi', `Redchief Delicious', and `Red Fuji' trees 4 weeks before harvest. Control and AVG-treated fruit were collected 1 week prior to, at, and 1 week after the normal harvest date for assessment of ethylene production over time after harvest and SDH presence and activity at harvest. Ethylene production in control fruit increased after harvest and AVG reduced it in all cultivars. `Redchief Delicious' fruit had the highest ethylene production of the treated samples. The levels of SDH activity in controls were similar across dates for `Redchief Delicious' and showed no consistent pattern in the other cultivars. `Redchief Delicious' and `Red Fuji' showed the highest and lowest levels of SDH activity, respectively. AVG did not affect SDH activity in `Redchief Delicious', and substantially increased SDH activity in `Red Fuji' on each of the three harvest dates, and, in `Lodi', only 1 week after normal harvest. SDH presence was confirmed through immunoblotting for all cultivars and harvest dates. Overall, fruit with the greatest reduction in ethylene production in response to AVG also showed changes in SDH activity.

scholarly journals Rancangan Kemasan dengan Indikator Warna untuk Deteksi Tingkat Kematangan Buah Alpukat

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
Meika Wahyuni Azrita ◽  
Usman Ahmad ◽  
Emmy Darmawati
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Permanganate ◽  
Process Design ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Ammonium Molybdate ◽  
Maturity Level ◽  
Ripening Process ◽  
Physicochemical Changes ◽  
Color Indicator

AbstractDetermining the ripeness levels of avocados is still having difficulties because the fruit does not change color when ripe. Smart labels based on color indicators of ammonium molybdate with potassium permanganate can be used to detect the maturity of avocados by detecting ethylene gas (C2H4) produced during the ripening process. This study aims to examine the physiological and physicochemical changes that occur in avocados during the ripening process, design packaging of color indicator labels to determine the level of maturity of avocados and changes in color indicators to the maturity level of avocados. Parameters measured were respiration rate and ethylene production, hardness, total dissolved solids and color change. The data obtained were tested using ANOVA and  Duncan's further test to obtain the best treatment. The best performance was obtained from label composed by 2 grams ammonium molibdat and 3 grams potassium permanganate because it has a good and even color gradation response to different level of ripeness by detecting the presence of ethylene in packaging.AbstrakPenentuan kematangan buah alpukat masih mengalami kesulitan karena buah tidak mengalami perubahan warna saat matang. Label cerdas berbasis indikator warna amonium molibdat  dengan kalium permanganat dapat digunakan untuk mendeteksi kematangan buah alpukat dengan mendeteksi gas etilen (C2H4) yang dihasilkan selama proses pematangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji perubahan fisiologi dan fisiko kimia yang terjadi pada buah alpukat selama proses pematangan, perancangan kemasan label indikator warna untuk mengetahui tingkat kematangan buah alpukat dan perubahan indikator warna terhadap tingkat kematangan buah alpukat. Parameter yang diukur adalah laju respirasi dan pembentukan etilen, kekerasan, total padatan terlarut dan uji warna. Data yang diperoleh diuji dengan ANOVA dan dilakukan uji lanjut Duncan untuk mendapatkan perlakuan terbaik. Kinerja terbaik diperoleh dari label yang disusun oleh 2 gram amonium molibdat dan 3 gram kalium permanganat karena memiliki respons gradasi warna yang baik dan merata terhadap tingkat kematangan yang berbeda dengan mendeteksi keberadaan etilen dalam kemasan.

Microbial efficiency in a meromictic reservoir

2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grażyna Mazurkiewicz-Boroń ◽  
Teresa Bednarz ◽  
Elżbieta Wilk-Woźniak
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption Rate ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Metabolic Efficiency ◽  
Sulphur Compounds ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Release ◽  
Microbial Efficiency ◽  
Ion Contents

Microbial efficiency in a meromictic reservoirIndices of microbial efficiency (expressed as oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide release) were determined in the water column of the meromictic Piaseczno Reservoir (in an opencast sulphur mine), which is rich in sulphur compounds. Phytoplankton abundances were low in both the mixolimnion (up to 15 m depth) and monimolimnion (below 15 m depth). In summer and winter, carbon dioxide release was 3-fold and 5-fold higher, respectively, in the monimolimnion than in the mixolimnion. Laboratory enrichments of the sulphur substrate of the water resulted in a decrease in oxygen consumption rate of by about 42% in mixolimnion samples, and in the carbon dioxide release rate by about 69% in monimolimnion samples. Water temperature, pH and bivalent ion contents were of major importance in shaping the microbial metabolic efficiency in the mixolimnion, whilst in the monimolimnion these relationships were not evident.

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