scholarly journals THE THEORY AND PRACTICE OF RISK ASSESSMENT OF PROFESSIONAL DANGERS

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. BOCHKOVSKYI ◽  
N. Yu. SAPOZHNIKOVA
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
Risk Assessment Code ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The Usa

In the paper, on the basis of the conducted analysis of the dynamics of the spread of dangers in the context of evolutionary development of society, it is determined that the global problems have become complex, which appears in interdependence of natural, technogenic, socio-political, economic, scientific-technological and other risks. The main source of danger, at the present stage of development of society, is an industrial environment.The analysis of known theoretical studies to appearance of dangerous is carried out and it is defined that none of considered theories can be treated as absolutely correct and generally accepted. First of all the conceptuality of given theories that is, limited practical usage, second of all the insufficient attention and underestimation of the role of the "human factor" as a fundamental factor in the process of creating dangers are the meanest drawbacks. Notice, that in the European Countries exist around 100 differents methods of assessment of the risk of occurrence dangers, according them quantitative measurement of the risks is carried out by the three meanest methods: statistical, expert and analog.British Standard BS-8800 (GB), risk assessment based on probability-loss matrix (GB, France, Latvia, the USA, Australia), construction of risk assessment scales (Germany, Finland), the methodology of the National Research Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NRIOS) in Ukraine, risk score (the USA), risk assessment code (GB), method of verbal functions (European Union),assessment of occupational risks by the Elmer system, risk assessment based on requirements level ranking (OIR index) are the most often used methods for the risks evaluation. On basis of the analysis of the above mentioned methods, two main problems were identified. The first problem that exists in the risks evaluation of occurrence dangerous is the lack of a unique unified methodology.The second problem is the underestimation of the significance of the "human factor" in the "man-machine" system. It is pointed out that due to underestimating the role of the "human factor" as a key component of risk one cannot consider any of the known risk assessment methods to be effective and universally accepted. Based on conducted research, the need for a principallynew universal and effective methodology for quantitative risk assessment is identified.

scholarly journals Methodological features of asymmetric conflicts historical modeling studying

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-218
Author(s):  
Stanislav Gennadyevich Malkin
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
World Order ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
World War ◽  
Historical Simulation ◽  
Asymmetric Conflicts ◽  
The Usa

The following paper deals with methodological features of studying of empires legacy role in policy of the leading powers in the countries of the third world through a prism of asymmetric conflicts historical modeling. The author pays special attention to the role of Great Britain and the USA foreign policy course defining after World War II during Cold War in the second half of the 20th century and Global War on Terror at the beginning of the 21st century. The author pays attention to methodological traps (such as the probability of the research problem on the given variable and terminological confusion) as well as to research opportunities which are opened by such approach in the field of the historical and political analysis (for example, evolution of the international relations theory and practice in the conditions of the world order transformation after World War II). Special attention is given to the value of such methodological reception as asymmetric conflicts historical modeling in expert estimates of the leading powers foreign policy. The paper also deals with the role of expert community and academic expertize as an important component of that analytical operation which is carried out within historical simulation of the asymmetrical conflicts.

scholarly journals The Importance of Taking Risks: A Report on the Conference

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-105
Author(s):  
I.A. Kotliar ◽  
M.V. Sokolova ◽  
E.G. Sheina
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Children's Play ◽  
Children’S Play ◽  
Prevention Programmes ◽  
Western Theory ◽  
Pedagogical Analysis

The paper gives an overview of the 14th interdisciplinary conference The Importance of Taking Risks held by the Welsh branch of the International Play Association. The meeting focused on various aspects of supporting children’s play and on the role of risk in child development. The conference had a clear multidis- ciplinary character and brought together specialists from a variety of fields: psychologists, teachers, social workers, experts in risk assessment, and health care professionals. The paper outlines how risk is understood in modern western theory and practice and distinguishes between risk and danger. A child must be taught to assess situations as safe or dangerous. However, modern developmental environment tends to reduce the possibility of risks for the child, which deprives him/her of the natural means of learning about the world and reduces creativity and independence and holds back the child’s self-regulation, prolonging compelled dependence and making children more infantile. The conference also involved discussions concerning tech- niques for risk assessment and a number of prevention programmes and practices. This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Humanities (project No 15-06-10627 “Psychological and pedagogical analysis of children’s play environment of the modern city”).

Quantitative assessment of the risk of rabies entering Japan through the importation of dogs and cats from the USA

2009 ◽  
Vol 137 (8) ◽  
pp. 1149-1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. KAMAKAWA ◽  
M. KOIWAI ◽  
S. SATOMURA ◽  
M. ETO ◽  
K. SUGIURA
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Policy Change ◽  
Antibody Level ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Waiting Period ◽  
The Usa

SUMMARYUp to October 2004, dogs and cats imported into Japan were subjected to a quarantine regimen which consisted of vaccination and a 30- to 365-day waiting period in the country of origin and a 14-day quarantine period upon arrival in Japan. This regimen was replaced by a new one, consisting of vaccination, antibody level titration and a 180-day waiting period in the country of origin, in November 2004. To evaluate the effect of this policy change, a quantitative risk assessment was undertaken. The risk of rabies entering Japan through the importation of dogs and cats from the USA under the old – and new – regimens was quantitatively assessed and compared. Under the new regimen, rabies will enter Japan once every 4932 years (90% confidence interval 1812–13 412 years) through the importation of dogs and cats from the USA. Under the old regimen, rabies would enter Japan once every 70 years (39–205 years), 83 years (45–267 years) or 190 years (104–609 years) assuming that the animal departs the country of origin 30 days, 180 days or 365 days after vaccination, respectively. This indicates the policy change would reduce the risk by a factor of 1/25–1/70.

scholarly journals ASPECT OF MINIMIZATION AREAS OF «HUMAN FACTOR» IN LABOR SAFETY

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
A. BOCHKOVSKYI ◽  
N. SAPOZHNIKOVA
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Industrial Safety ◽  
Occupational Accidents ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Of Training ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Individual

The article analyzes well-known semantic interpretations of the term "human factor" in the context of the evolutionary development of the safety component in "man-machine-environment" systems. It has been ascertained that single, recognized by law term "human factor" still does not exists, but the majority of researchers attribute this phenomenon to the human psycho-physiological reaction to changes in the environment. It is noted that this approach is erroneous because the manifestations of "human factor" at the individual level of each person should be considered in the context of the features of its three main components - biological, social and informational. The trends of the evolutionary development of the technosphere and the analysis of statistical data on occupational accidents, as well as industrial breakdowns and disasters, prove the need to introduce positive changes at the level of the "human factor" components. First of all, it concerns the information component, as the development of technologies over the past decade is far ahead of the level of training in the field of occupational safety, which does not allow maintaining the required level of occupational safety and labor culture in the conditions of a new range of previously unknown hazardous and harmful production factors. It was emphasized that necessary positive changes in the components of the "human factor" should be implemented as a part of the concept of sustainable humanity development, which provides for the development of three interrelated areas: economic, social and spiritual growth of society. Thus, basic directions that will minimize the negative effects of the "human factor" within functioning of the future complex systems "man machine-environment", are to increase the level of motivation for safe human behavior at production facilities and to form safety priorities over economic outcomes of enterprise’s activity. The possibility to implement such directions directly depends on the implementation of the relevant reforms in the system of secondary, vocational and higher education, as well as occupational safety and industrial safety regulatory framework in Ukraine.

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